|
2025 PKK–Turkey Peace Process
The 2025 PKK–Turkey peace process, also known as the Second Peace Process or the Second Solution Process, refers to the process in 2025 for resolution of the Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency. The process was seen as the successor of the failed 2013–2015 PKK–Turkey peace process. Background The first process was carried out between 2013 and 2015. Following the loss of the AKP's majority in the June 2015 Turkish general election and the Ceylanpınar incident, the conflict started again. After this process, various political actors adopted different approaches to the Kurdish issue, but an official negotiation process was discarded. By 2024, amid regional shifts, a change in Turkey's domestic and foreign policy, the Gaza war, as well as the increase of power of Kurdish autonomous areas in Iraq and Syria began debates on a possible new solution process. History On October 22, 2024, Devlet Bahçeli, leader of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), in a surprising change in to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdistan Workers' Party Insurgency
From 1978 until 2025, the Republic of Turkey was in an armed conflict with the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) ( Kurdish: ''Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê'') as well as its allied insurgent groups, both Kurdish and non-Kurdish. The initial core demand of the PKK was its separation from Turkey to create an independent Kurdistan. Later on, the PKK abandoned separatism in favor of autonomy and/or greater political and cultural rights for Kurds inside the Republic of Turkey. Although the Kurdish-Turkish conflict had spread to many regions, most of the conflict took place in Northern Kurdistan, which corresponded with southeastern Turkey. The PKK's presence in Iraqi Kurdistan resulted in the Turkish Armed Forces carrying out frequent ground incursions and air and artillery strikes in the region, and its influence in Syrian Kurdistan led to similar activity there. The conflict costed the economy of Turkey an estimated $300 to 450 billion, mostly in military costs. It also had ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand National Assembly Of Turkey
The Grand National Assembly of Turkey ( ), usually referred to simply as the GNAT or TBMM, also referred to as , in Turkish, is the Unicameralism, unicameral Turkey, Turkish legislature. It is the sole body given the legislative prerogatives by the Constitution of Turkey, Turkish Constitution. It was founded in Ankara on 23 April 1920 amid the Turkish War of Independence, National Campaign. This constitution had founded its pre-government known as 1st cabinet of the Executive Ministers of Turkey, 1st Executive Ministers of Turkey (Commitment Deputy Committee) in May 1920. The parliament was fundamental in the efforts of ''Mareşal (Turkey), Mareşal'' Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 1st President of the Republic of Turkey, and his colleagues to found a new government out of the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. Composition There are 600 members of parliament (deputies) who are elected for a five-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system, from 87 el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1991–2004 Kurdish–Turkish Peace Initiatives
Kurdish-Turkish peace initiatives, there were several, since the conflict with the Kurdistan Workers' Party began in 1978. Some were successful, others not. But the first real approach to the Kurdish question in Turkey came after the Government of Turgut Özal decided to end the policy of denial of the Kurds and allow the Kurdish language to be spoken in 1991 and later on in the same year also to be broadcast. First unilateral ceasefire by the PKK 1993 On the 17 March 1993, Abdullah Öcalan announced a unilateral ceasefire by the PKK in a press conference given together with Jalal Talabani. In an other press conference which took place on the 16 April 1993 in Bar Elias, Lebanon, the ceasefire was prolonged indefinitely. To this event, the Kurdish politicians Jamal Talabani, Ahmet Türk from the HEP and Kemal Burkay also attended and declared their support for the ceasefire. The ceasefire came to an end after prime minister Turgut Özal, whose government had a more peaceful approac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congress
A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of adversaries) during battle, from the Latin '' congressus''. Political congresses International relations The following congresses were formal meetings of representatives of different nations: *The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668), which ended the War of Devolution *The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), which ended the War of the Austrian Succession *The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1818) *The Congress of Berlin (1878), which settled the Eastern Question after the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) *The Congress of Gniezno (1000) *The Congress of Laibach (1821) *The Congress of Panama, an 1826 meeting organized by Simón BolÃvar *The Congress of Paris (1856), which ended the Crimean War *The Congress of Troppau (1820) *The Congr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sırrı Süreyya Önder
Sırrı Süreyya Önder (7 July 1962 – 3 May 2025) was a Turkish film director, actor, screenwriter, columnist and politician. Elected to parliament in 2011 as an independent backed by the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), he later joined the party even though he was not of Kurdish descent. He competed in the 2014 municipal elections as the Istanbul mayoral candidate of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), the sister party of the BDP, coming third with 412,875 votes (4.83%). In the general election of 7 June 2015 he was elected as MP for the 1st electoral district of Ankara Province. He became a Deputy Speaker of the Grand National Assembly on 2 June 2023. Early years and education Önder was born to a Turkoman family on 7 July 1962 in Adıyaman. His father, a barber, was the founder and leader of the provincial office of the Workers Party of Turkey (TİP) in the 1960s. His father belonged to the faction of Behice Boran. When Önder was eight years old, his father died fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yılmaz Tunç
Yılmaz Tunç (born 1 February 1971) is a Turkish politician of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Minister of Justice in the Cabinet of Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Before he was several terms a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Early life and education Yılmaz Tunç was born in Ulukaya of the Ulus district in the province of Bartın. He attended primary school in the village and graduated from high school in Kastamonu. Following he studied law at the University of Istanbul from which he graduated in 1995. He then made his military service in western Turkey. Political career Tunç became the vice-president Pendik branch of the Virtue Party in 1998 and a member of the municipal councilor of Pendik in 1999. In 2001 he became the founding chairman of the Pendik branch of the Justice and Development Party (AKP). In the general elections of 2011, June 2015, the snap elections of November 2015 and 2018 he was elected to the Grand National Assembly of Turk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recep Tayyip ErdoÄŸan
Recep Tayyip ErdoÄŸan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who is the 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as the 25th prime minister of Turkey, prime minister from 2003 to 2014 as part of the Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party (AKP), which he co-founded in 2001. He also served as mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. Coming from an Islamist background and promoting socially conservative policies, Turkey has experienced increasing authoritarianism, democratic backsliding and suppression of dissent under ErdoÄŸan's rule. ErdoÄŸan was born in BeyoÄŸlu, Istanbul, and studied at the Marmara University, Aksaray Academy of Economic and Commercial Sciences, before working as a consultant and senior manager in the private sector. Becoming active in local politics, he was elected Welfare Party's BeyoÄŸlu district chair in 1984 and Istanbul chair in 1985. Following the 1994 Istanbul mayoral election, 1994 lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İmralı Prison
İmralı prison is a high-security prison on the island of İmralı in the Sea of Marmara in Turkey. It holds prisoners from the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and one prisoner of the Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist (TKP/ML). The prison facility is guarded by the military and is also monitored over satellite imagery from space. The prison was the scene of several memorable moments in Turkish history. Location The prison is located on İmralı island in the Sea of Marmara, south of Istanbul. The island is accessible by boat from Mudanya at the southern coast of the Sea of Marmara. History The idea to create an agricultural colony on the island existed since 1933. By 1935 the creation of semi-open prison facility was discussed in the Cumhuriyet. In January 1936 the first fifty inmates tasked to construct the dorms for the prison facility set foot on the island. Later they were deployed to fishing and engage in agriculture. The following years, the population of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peoples' Equality And Democracy Party
The Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party (; , abbreviated as DEM Party) is a pro- Kurdish political party in Turkey. It is the legal successor of the Green Left Party and with the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) handing over its work to this party in 2023, it became the latest iteration of the Kurdish minority interests party in Turkey. Similar to its predecessors, its adversaries accuse the party of being the political branch of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), which is internationally designated as a terrorist organization. History The Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) has faced a closure case since 2021. Selahattin DemirtaÅŸ stated that if the party is closed, HDP parliamentary candidates would enter the Green Left Party (YSP) lists in the 2023 general election. Furthermore, the party leadership of HDP announced that it would hand over active political work to the YSP. Already in October 2022, YSP changed their logo to design closer to HDP. Upon the decision t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
