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2013 In Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 2013 to Wales and its people. Incumbents *First Minister – Carwyn Jones *Secretary of State for Wales – David Jones *Archbishop of Wales – Barry Morgan, Bishop of Llandaff *Archdruid of the National Eisteddfod of Wales – Jim Parc Nest Events January *1 January – Welsh recipients of New Year Honours include cycling coach Dave Brailsford, Glamorgan cricketer Robert Croft and politician Roger Williams. *3 January – The Met Office reports that 2012 was the third wettest year on record for Wales. *18 January – Heavy snow brings wide-ranging disruption throughout Wales, especially in Brecon and the Heads of the Valleys. *29 January – A deal struck between the BBC and S4C ensures independent Welsh language broadcasting, funded by the BBC licence fee, until 2017. February *5 February – Welsh Secretary David Jones is criticised by the media and political opponents for taking an official car for a 100-me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wales
Wales ( cy, Cymru ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the Wales–England border, east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in 2021 of 3,107,500 and has a total area of . Wales has over of coastline and is largely mountainous with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon (), its highest summit. The country lies within the Temperateness, north temperate zone and has a changeable, maritime climate. The capital and largest city is Cardiff. Welsh national identity emerged among the Celtic Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, and Wales was formed as a Kingdom of Wales, kingdom under Gruffydd ap Llywelyn in 1055. Wales is regarded as one of the Celtic nations. The Conquest of Wales by Edward I, conquest of Wales by Edward I of England was completed by 1283, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
18 January
Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chinese throne in favour of his son Emperor Qinzong. *1486 – King Henry VII of England marries Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV, uniting the House of Lancaster and the House of York. *1562 – Pope Pius IV reopens the Council of Trent for its third and final session. *1586 – The magnitude 7.9 Tenshō earthquake strikes Honshu, Japan, killing 8,000 people and triggering a tsunami. 1601–1900 *1670 – Henry Morgan captures Panama. *1701 – Frederick I crowns himself King of Prussia in Königsberg. *1778 – James Cook is the first known European to discover the Hawaiian Islands, which he names the "Sandwich Islands". *1788 – The first elements of the First Fleet carrying 736 convicts from Great ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1 March
Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocletian and Maximian appoint Constantius Chlorus and Galerius as Caesars. This is considered the beginning of the Tetrarchy, known as the ''Quattuor Principes Mundi'' ("Four Rulers of the World"). * 350 – Vetranio proclaims himself Caesar after being encouraged to do so by Constantina, sister of Constantius II. * 834 – Emperor Louis the Pious is restored as sole ruler of the Frankish Empire. * 1476 – Forces of the Catholic Monarchs engage the combined Portuguese-Castilian armies of Afonso V and Prince John at the Battle of Toro. * 1562 – Sixty-three Huguenots are massacred in Wassy, France, marking the start of the French Wars of Religion. 1601–1900 *1628 – Writs issued in February by Charles I of England mandate tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Dark-Sky Association
The International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) is a United States-based non-profit organization incorporated in 1988 by founders David Crawford, a professional astronomer, and Tim Hunter, a physician/amateur astronomer. The mission of the IDA is "to preserve and protect the night time environment and our heritage of dark skies through quality outdoor lighting." Light pollution is the result of outdoor lighting that is not properly shielded, allowing light shine into the eyes and night sky. Direct light that shines into the eyes is called glare, and light directed into the night sky above the horizon causes skyglow. Lighting can also cause light trespass when it enters areas where unwanted (e.g. a neighbor's yard and windows). IDA was the first organization in the dark-sky movement, and is currently the largest. Principal approach IDA's principal approach is to raise awareness about the value of dark, star-filled night skies and encourage their protection and restoration through e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brecon Beacons National Park
The Brecon Beacons National Park ( cy, Parc Cenedlaethol Bannau Brycheiniog) is one of three national parks in Wales, and is centred on the Brecon Beacons range of hills in southern Wales. It includes the Black Mountain (range), Black Mountain ( cy, Y Mynydd Du) in the west, Fforest Fawr (translates as 'great forest') and the Brecon Beacons in the centre and the Black Mountains, Wales, Black Mountains ( cy, Y Mynydd Du or Mynyddoedd Duon) in the east. Description The Brecon Beacons National Park was established in 1957, the last of the three Welsh parks designated after Snowdonia in 1951 and the Pembrokeshire Coast in 1952. It stretches from Llandeilo in the west to Hay-on-Wye in the northeast and Pontypool in the southeast, covering and encompassing four main regions – the Black Mountain (range), Black Mountain in the west, reaching 802 metres (2631 feet) at Fan Brycheiniog, Fforest Fawr and the Brecon Beacons in the centre, including the highest summit in the park and in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19 February
Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan idols in the Roman Empire. *1594 – Having already been elected to the throne of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1587, Sigismund III of the House of Vasa is crowned King of Sweden, having succeeded his father John III of Sweden in 1592. *1600 – The Peruvian stratovolcano Huaynaputina explodes in the most violent eruption in the recorded history of South America. 1601–1900 *1649 – The Second Battle of Guararapes takes place, effectively ending Dutch colonization efforts in Brazil. *1674 – England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster, ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War. A provision of the agreement transfers the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam to England. *1714 – Great Northern War: The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2013 Horse Meat Contamination Scandal
The 2013 horse meat scandal was a food industry scandal in parts of Europe in which foods advertised as containing spicy beef were found to contain undeclared or improperly declared horse meat – as much as 100% of the meat content in some cases. A smaller number of products also contained other undeclared meats, such as pork. The issue came to light on 15 January 2013, when it was reported that horse DNA had been discovered in frozen beefburgers sold in several Irish and British supermarkets. The analysis stated that samples of beef burgers also contained pig DNA. Several religious groups globally are forbidden to eat to pork due to their religious beliefs. While the presence of undeclared meat was not a health issue, the scandal revealed a major breakdown in the traceability of the food supply chain, and the risk that harmful ingredients could have been included as well. Sports horses, for example, could have entered the food supply chain, and with them the veterinary drug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aberystwyth
Aberystwyth () is a university and seaside town as well as a community in Ceredigion, Wales. Located in the historic county of Cardiganshire, means "the mouth of the Ystwyth". Aberystwyth University has been a major educational location in Wales since the establishment of University College Wales in 1872. The town is situated on Cardigan Bay on the west coast of Wales, near the confluence of the River Ystwyth and Afon Rheidol. Following the reconstruction of the harbour, the Ystwyth skirts the town. The Rheidol passes through the town. The seafront, with a pier, stretches from Constitution Hill at the north end of the Promenade to the harbour at the south. The beach is divided by the castle. The town is divided into five areas: Aberystwyth Town; Llanbadarn Fawr; Waunfawr; Llanbadarn; Trefechan; and the most populous, Penparcau. In 2011 the population of the town was 13,040. This rises to nearly 19,000 for the larger conurbation of Aberystwyth and Llanbadarn Fawr. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12 February
Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orléans in the Battle of the Herrings. *1502 – Isabella I issues an edict outlawing Islam in the Crown of Castile, forcing virtually all her Muslim subjects to convert to Christianity. * 1502 – Vasco da Gama with 15 ships and 800 men sets sail from Lisbon, Portugal on his second voyage to India. * 1541 – Santiago, Chile is founded by Pedro de Valdivia. *1593 – Japanese invasion of Korea: Approximately 3,000 Joseon defenders led by general Kwon Yul successfully repel more than 30,000 Japanese forces in the Siege of Haengju. 1601–1900 *1689 – The Convention Parliament declares that the flight to France in 1688 by James II, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Llyn Celyn
Llyn Celyn () is a reservoir constructed between 1960 and 1965 in the valley of the River Tryweryn in Gwynedd, Wales. It measures roughly long by wide, and has a maximum depth of . It has the capacity to hold of water. It was originally to be named ''Llyn Tryweryn Mawr'' (meaning "great Tryweryn lake"), but in September 1964 Liverpool Corporation agreed to the name change following a letter from the Tryweryn Defence Committee. Construction and opposition Construction of the reservoir for Liverpool Corporation Waterworks involved flooding the village of Capel Celyn and adjacent farmland, a deeply controversial move. Much of the opposition was brought about because the village was a stronghold of Welsh culture and the Welsh language, whilst the reservoir was being built to supply water to Liverpool and parts of the Wirral peninsula, rather than Wales. Liverpool Corporation's Tryweryn Reservoir Bill was presented in Parliament as a private bill in January 1957; by obtain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru
Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru (, ''Movement for the Defence of Wales''), abbreviated as MAC, was a paramilitary Welsh nationalist organisation, which was responsible for a number of bombing incidents between 1963 and 1969. The group's activities primarily targeted infrastructure carrying water to the English city of Liverpool. MAC was initially set up in response to the flooding of the Afon Tryweryn valley and the village of Capel Celyn to provide water for Liverpool. Its founders were Owain Williams, John Albert Jones and Emyr Llewelyn Jones. On 10 February 1963 a transformer at the dam construction site was blown up by three men, of whom one, Emyr Llywelyn Jones, was identified, convicted and sentenced to one year imprisonment. MAC blew up an electricity pylon at Gellilydan on the day of his conviction. This led to the arrest and conviction of Owain Williams and John Albert Jones. The leadership of the organisation was later taken over by John Barnard Jenkins, a former non-commissio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9 February
Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno (emperor), Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. *1003 – Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Greater Poland, Poland. *1539 – The first recorded race is held on Chester Racecourse, known as the Roodee. *1555 – Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper (bishop), John Hooper is burned at the stake. 1601–1900 *1621 – Pope Gregory XV, Gregory XV becomes Pope, the last Pope Papal election, elected by acclamation (papal elections), acclamation. *1654 – The Capture of Fort Rocher takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660), Anglo-Spanish War. *1775 – American Revolutionary War: The Parliament of Great Britain, British Parliament declares Massachusetts in rebellion. *1778 – Rhode Island becomes the fourth US state to ratify the Articles of Confederation. *1788 – The Habsburg monarchy, Habsburg Empire jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
