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Events


Pre-1600

*
509 BC __NOTOC__ The year 509 BC was a year of the Roman calendar, pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Republic it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Brutus and Collatinus (or, less frequently, year 245 '' Ab urbe condita''). The denomination ...
–
Publius Valerius Publicola Publius Valerius Poplicola or Publicola (died 503 BC) was one of four Roman aristocrats who led the overthrow of the monarchy, and became a Roman consul, the colleague of Lucius Junius Brutus in 509 BC, traditionally considered the first year o ...
celebrates the first
triumph The Roman triumph (Latin triumphus) was a celebration for a victorious military commander in ancient Rome. For later imitations, in life or in art, see Trionfo. Numerous later uses of the term, up to the present, are derived directly or indirectl ...
of the
Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kin ...
after his victory over the deposed king
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (died 495 BC) was the legendary seventh and final king of Rome, reigning 25 years until the popular uprising that led to the establishment of the Roman Republic.Livy, ''ab urbe condita libri'', I He is commonly known ...
at the
Battle of Silva Arsia The Battle of Silva Arsia was a battle in 509 BC between the republican forces of ancient Rome and Etruscan forces of Tarquinii and Veii led by the deposed Roman king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. The battle took place near the Silva Arsia (the Ar ...
. *
293 __NOTOC__ Year 293 ( CCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Diocletian and Maximian (or, less frequently, ...
– Emperor
Diocletian Diocletian (; la, Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, grc, Διοκλητιανός, Diokletianós; c. 242/245 – 311/312), nicknamed ''Iovius'', was Roman emperor from 284 until his abdication in 305. He was born Gaius Valerius Diocles ...
and
Maximian Maximian ( la, Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus; c. 250 – c. July 310), nicknamed ''Herculius'', was Roman emperor from 286 to 305. He was ''Caesar'' from 285 to 286, then ''Augustus'' from 286 to 305. He shared the latter title with his ...
appoint
Constantius Chlorus Flavius Valerius Constantius "Chlorus" ( – 25 July 306), also called Constantius I, was Roman emperor from 305 to 306. He was one of the four original members of the Tetrarchy established by Diocletian, first serving as caesar from 293 t ...
and
Galerius Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus (; 258 – May 311) was Roman emperor from 305 to 311. During his reign he campaigned, aided by Diocletian, against the Sasanian Empire, sacking their capital Ctesiphon in 299. He also campaigned across the D ...
as
Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman people, Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in Caes ...
s. This is considered the beginning of the
Tetrarchy The Tetrarchy was the system instituted by Roman emperor Diocletian in 293 AD to govern the ancient Roman Empire by dividing it between two emperors, the '' augusti'', and their juniors colleagues and designated successors, the '' caesares' ...
, known as the ''Quattuor Principes Mundi'' ("Four Rulers of the World"). *
350 __NOTOC__ Year 350 (Roman numerals, CCCL) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sergius and Nigrinianus (or, less frequentl ...
–
Vetranio Vetranio (died c. 356) was a Roman soldier, statesman and co-Emperor, a native of the province of Moesia (in modern Serbia). Life and career Early life Vetranio was born in the Roman province of Moesia to low-born parents, sometime in the ...
proclaims himself Caesar after being encouraged to do so by
Constantina Flavia Valeria Constantina (also sometimes called ''Constantia'' and ''Constantiana''; el, Κωνσταντίνα; b. after 307/before 317 – d. 354), later known as Saint Constance, was the eldest daughter of Roman emperor Constantine the Great ...
, sister of
Constantius II Constantius II (Latin: ''Flavius Julius Constantius''; grc-gre, Κωνστάντιος; 7 August 317 – 3 November 361) was Roman emperor from 337 to 361. His reign saw constant warfare on the borders against the Sasanian Empire and Germani ...
. *
834 __NOTOC__ Year 834 ( DCCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * March 1 – Emperor Louis the Pious is restored as sole ruler of the Fr ...
– Emperor
Louis the Pious Louis the Pious (german: Ludwig der Fromme; french: Louis le Pieux; 16 April 778 – 20 June 840), also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was King of the Franks and co-emperor with his father, Charlemagne, from 813. He was also King of Aqui ...
is restored as sole ruler of the
Frankish Empire Francia, also called the Kingdom of the Franks ( la, Regnum Francorum), Frankish Kingdom, Frankland or Frankish Empire ( la, Imperium Francorum), was the largest post-Roman barbarian kingdom in Western Europe. It was ruled by the Franks dur ...
. * 1476 – Forces of the
Catholic Monarchs The Catholic Monarchs were Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, whose marriage and joint rule marked the ''de facto'' unification of Spain. They were both from the House of Trastámara and were second cousins, being bot ...
engage the combined Portuguese-Castilian armies of
Afonso V Afonso V () (15 January 1432 – 28 August 1481), known by the sobriquet the African (), was King of Portugal from 1438 until his death in 1481, with a brief interruption in 1477. His sobriquet refers to his military conquests in Northern Africa. ...
and Prince John at the
Battle of Toro The Battle of Toro was part of the War of the Castilian Succession, fought on 1 March 1476, near the city of Toro, between the Castilian-Aragonese troops of the Catholic Monarchs and the Portuguese-Castilian forces of Afonso V and Prince John ...
. * 1562 – Sixty-three
Huguenot The Huguenots ( , also , ) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Be ...
s are massacred in Wassy, France, marking the start of the
French Wars of Religion The French Wars of Religion is the term which is used in reference to a period of civil war between French Catholic Church, Catholics and Protestantism, Protestants, commonly called Huguenots, which lasted from 1562 to 1598. According to estim ...
.


1601–1900

*
1628 Events January–March * January 19 – (26 Jumada al-Awwal 1037 A.H.) The reign of Salef-ud-din Muhammad Shahryar as the Mughal Emperor, Shahryar Mirza, comes to an end a little more than two months after the November 7 dea ...
– Writs issued in February by
Charles I of England Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until Execution of Charles I, his execution in 1649. He was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of ...
mandate that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay
ship tax Ship money was a tax of medieval origin levied intermittently in the Kingdom of England until the middle of the 17th century. Assessed typically on the inhabitants of coastal areas of England, it was one of several taxes that English monarchs cou ...
by this date. *
1633 Events January–March * January 20 – Galileo Galilei, having been summoned to Rome on orders of Pope Urban VIII, leaves for Florence for his journey. His carriage is halted at Ponte a Centino at the border of Tuscany, where ...
–
Samuel de Champlain Samuel de Champlain (; Fichier OrigineFor a detailed analysis of his baptismal record, see RitchThe baptism act does not contain information about the age of Samuel, neither his birth date nor his place of birth. – 25 December 1635) was a Fre ...
reclaims his role as commander of
New France New France (french: Nouvelle-France) was the area colonized by France in North America, beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Great Britain and Spai ...
on behalf of
Cardinal Richelieu Armand Jean du Plessis, Duke of Richelieu (; 9 September 1585 – 4 December 1642), known as Cardinal Richelieu, was a French clergyman and statesman. He was also known as ''l'Éminence rouge'', or "the Red Eminence", a term derived from the ...
. *
1692 Events January–March * January 24 – At least 75 residents of what is now York, Maine are killed in the Candlemas Massacre, carried out by French soldiers led by missionary Louis-Pierre Thury, along with a larger force of Abenaki and ...
–
Sarah Good Sarah Good (, 1653 – , 1692)Contemporary records commonly used the Julian calendar and the Annunciation Style of enumerating months and years. By the Gregorian calendar and using modern style dating, all of the witch trial events in this artic ...
,
Sarah Osborne Sarah Osborne (also variously spelled Osbourne, Osburne, or Osborn; née Warren, formerly Prince, (c. 1643 – May 10, 1692) was a colonist in the Massachusetts Bay colony and one of the first women to be accused of witchcraft in the Salem wi ...
and
Tituba Tituba Indian was an enslaved woman who was one of the first to be accused of witchcraft during the Salem witch trials of 1692-1693. She was brought to colonial Massachusetts from Barbados by Samuel Parris, the minister of Salem Village. She was ...
are brought before local magistrates in
Salem Village, Massachusetts Danvers is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, located on the Danvers River near the northeastern coast of Massachusetts. The suburb is a fairly short ride from Boston and is also in close proximity to the renowned beaches of Glo ...
, beginning what would become known as the
Salem witch trials The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. More than 200 people were accused. Thirty people were found guilty, 19 of whom w ...
. *
1781 Events January–March * January – William Pitt the Younger, later Prime Minister of Great Britain, enters Parliament, aged 21. * January 1 – Industrial Revolution: The Iron Bridge opens across the River Severn in Eng ...
– The
Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union was an agreement among the 13 Colonies of the United States of America that served as its first frame of government. It was approved after much debate (between July 1776 and November 1777) by ...
goes into effect in the United States.; *
1796 Events January–March * January 16 – The first Dutch (and general) elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic. (The next Dutch general elections are held in 1888.) * February 1 – The capital ...
– The
Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock ...
is nationalized by the
Batavian Republic The Batavian Republic ( nl, Bataafse Republiek; french: République Batave) was the successor state to the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. It was proclaimed on 19 January 1795 and ended on 5 June 1806, with the accession of Louis Bona ...
. *
1805 After thirteen years the First French Empire abolished the French Republican Calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 11 – The Michigan Territory is created. * February 7 – King Anouvong become ...
– Justice
Samuel Chase Samuel Chase (April 17, 1741 – June 19, 1811) was a Founding Father of the United States, a signatory to the Continental Association and United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Maryland, and an Associate Justice of th ...
is acquitted at the end of his
impeachment Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct. It may be understood as a unique process involving both political and legal elements. In ...
trial by the
U.S. Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and powe ...
. *
1811 Events January–March * January 8 – An unsuccessful slave revolt is led by Charles Deslondes, in St. Charles and St. James Parishes, Louisiana. * January 17 – Mexican War of Independence – Battle of Calderón Brid ...
– Leaders of the Mamluk dynasty are killed by
Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
ian ruler
Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali (; born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.; January 17, 1942 – June 3, 2016) was an American professional boxer and activist. Nicknamed "The Greatest", he is regarded as one of the most significant sports figures of the 20th century, a ...
. *
1815 Events January * January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England. * January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussi ...
–
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
returns to France from his banishment on
Elba Elba ( it, isola d'Elba, ; la, Ilva) is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, from the coastal town of Piombino on the Italian mainland, and the largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago. It is also part of the Arcipelago Toscano National ...
. *
1836 Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. * January 5 – Davy Crockett arrives in Texas. * January 12 ** , with Charles Darwin on board, r ...
– A convention of delegates from 57
Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...
communities convenes in
Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas Washington-on-the-Brazos is an unincorporated community along the Brazos River in Washington County, Texas, United States. The town is best known for being the site of the Convention of 1836 and the signing of the Texas Declaration of Independence ...
, to deliberate independence from Mexico. *
1845 Events January–March * January 10 – Elizabeth Barrett receives a love letter from the younger poet Robert Browning; on May 20, they meet for the first time in London. She begins writing her ''Sonnets from the Portuguese''. * January 23 ...
– United States President
John Tyler John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862) was the tenth president of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president dire ...
signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the
Republic of Texas The Republic of Texas ( es, República de Tejas) was a sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846, that bordered Mexico, the Republic of the Rio Grande in 1840 (another breakaway republic from Mex ...
. *
1867 Events January–March * January 1 – The Covington–Cincinnati Suspension Bridge opens between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky, in the United States, becoming the longest single-span bridge in the world. It was renamed a ...
–
Nebraska Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the southwe ...
is admitted as the 37th
U.S. state In the United States, a state is a constituent political entity, of which there are 50. Bound together in a political union, each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its sover ...
. *
1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...
– Marshal F. S. López dies during the
Battle of Cerro Corá The Battle of Cerro Corá was fought on 1 March 1870 on a hill-surrounded valley of the same name, in the north-east of Paraguay. Background In February 1870, an allied column under the command of colonel Bento Martins de Meneses, learned t ...
thus marking the end of the
Paraguayan War The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance, was a South American war that lasted from 1864 to 1870. It was fought between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. It was the deadlies ...
. *
1871 Events January–March * January 3 – Franco-Prussian War – Battle of Bapaume: Prussians win a strategic victory. * January 18 – Proclamation of the German Empire: The member states of the North German Confederation and the sout ...
– The victorious
Prussian Army The Royal Prussian Army (1701–1919, german: Königlich Preußische Armee) served as the army of the Kingdom of Prussia. It became vital to the development of Brandenburg-Prussia as a European power. The Prussian Army had its roots in the co ...
parades through Paris, France, after the end of the Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War. *
1872 Events January–March * January 12 – Yohannes IV is crowned Emperor of Ethiopia in Axum, the first ruler crowned in that city in over 500 years. * February 2 – The government of the United Kingdom buys a number of forts on ...
–
Yellowstone National Park Yellowstone National Park is an American national park located in the western United States, largely in the northwest corner of Wyoming and extending into Montana and Idaho. It was established by the 42nd U.S. Congress with the Yellowston ...
is established as the world's first
national park A national park is a nature park, natural park in use for conservation (ethic), conservation purposes, created and protected by national governments. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state dec ...
. *
1893 Events January–March * January 2 – Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers, which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America. * Mark Twain started writing Puddn'head Wilson. * January 6 – Th ...
– Electrical engineer
Nikola Tesla Nikola Tesla ( ; ,"Tesla"
''
radio Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmit ...
in
St. Louis St. Louis () is the second-largest city in Missouri, United States. It sits near the confluence of the Mississippi and the Missouri Rivers. In 2020, the city proper had a population of 301,578, while the bi-state metropolitan area, which e ...
,
Missouri Missouri is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking List of U.S. states and territories by area, 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee ...
. *
1896 Events January–March * January 2 – The Jameson Raid comes to an end, as Jameson surrenders to the Boers. * January 4 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state. * January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports that Wil ...
–
Battle of Adwa The Battle of Adwa (; ti, ውግእ ዓድዋ; , also spelled ''Adowa'') was the climactic battle of the First Italo-Ethiopian War. The Ethiopian forces defeated the Italian invading force on Sunday 1 March 1896, near the town of Adwa. The d ...
: An
Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
n army defeats an outnumbered
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...
force, ending the
First Italo-Ethiopian War The First Italo-Ethiopian War, lit. ''Abyssinian War'' was fought between Italy and Ethiopia from 1895 to 1896. It originated from the disputed Treaty of Wuchale, which the Italians claimed turned Ethiopia into an Italian protectorate. Full-sc ...
. * 1896 –
Henri Becquerel Antoine Henri Becquerel (; 15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French engineer, physicist, Nobel laureate, and the first person to discover evidence of radioactivity. For work in this field he, along with Marie Skłodowska-Curie and P ...
discovers
radioactive decay Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is consid ...
.


1901–present

*
1901 Events January * January 1 – The Crown colony, British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria (Australia), Victoria and Western Australia Federation of Australia, federate as the Australia, ...
– The
Australian Army The Australian Army is the principal Army, land warfare force of Australia, a part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) along with the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Australian Air Force. The Army is commanded by the Chief of Army (Austral ...
is formed. *
1910 Events January * January 13 – The first public radio broadcast takes place; live performances of the operas '' Cavalleria rusticana'' and ''Pagliacci'' are sent out over the airwaves, from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York C ...
– The deadliest
avalanche An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a slope, such as a hill or mountain. Avalanches can be set off spontaneously, by such factors as increased precipitation or snowpack weakening, or by external means such as humans, animals, and earth ...
in United States history buries a Great Northern Railway train in northeastern
King County, Washington King County is located in the U.S. state of Washington. The population was 2,269,675 in the 2020 census, making it the most populous county in Washington, and the 13th-most populous in the United States. The county seat is Seattle, also the st ...
, killing 96 people. *
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...
–
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
joins the
Universal Postal Union The Universal Postal Union (UPU, french: link=no, Union postale universelle), established by the Treaty of Bern of 1874, is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to t ...
. *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
– The Zimmermann Telegram is reprinted in newspapers across the United States after the
U.S. government The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government or U.S. government) is the national government of the United States, a federal republic located primarily in North America, composed of 50 states, a city within a fede ...
releases its unencrypted text. *
1919 Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the c ...
–
March 1st Movement The March 1st Movement, also known as the Sam-il (3-1) Movement (Hangul: 삼일 운동; Hanja: 三一 運動), was a protest movement by Korean people and students calling for independence from Japan in 1919, and protesting forced assimilation ...
begins in
Korea under Japanese rule Between 1910 and 1945, Korea was ruled as a part of the Empire of Japan. Joseon Korea had come into the Japanese sphere of influence with the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876; a complex coalition of the Meiji government, military, and business offic ...
. *
1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in First Brazilian Republic, Brazil. ** The Spanish lin ...
– The
Australian cricket team The Australia men's national cricket team represents Australia in men's international cricket. As the joint oldest team in Test cricket history, playing in the first ever Test match in 1877, the team also plays One-Day International (ODI) an ...
captained by
Warwick Armstrong Warwick Windridge Armstrong (22 May 1879 – 13 July 1947) was an Australian cricketer who played 50 Test matches between 1902 and 1921. An all-rounder, he captained Australia in ten Test matches between 1920 and 1921, and was undefeated, winn ...
becomes the first team to complete a
whitewash Whitewash, or calcimine, kalsomine, calsomine, or lime paint is a type of paint made from slaked lime ( calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2) or chalk calcium carbonate, (CaCO3), sometimes known as "whiting". Various other additives are sometimes used ...
of
The Ashes The Ashes is a Test cricket series played between England and Australia. The term originated in a satirical obituary published in a British newspaper, ''The Sporting Times'', immediately after Australia's 1882 victory at The Oval, its first Te ...
, something that would not be repeated for 86 years. * 1921 – Following mass protests in
Petrograd Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
demanding greater freedom in the
RSFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
, the
Kronstadt rebellion The Kronstadt rebellion ( rus, Кронштадтское восстание, Kronshtadtskoye vosstaniye) was a 1921 insurrection of Soviet sailors and civilians against the Bolshevik government in the Russian SFSR port city of Kronstadt. Locat ...
begins, with sailors and citizens taking up arms against the
Bolsheviks The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
. *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...
– Aviator
Charles Lindbergh Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, and activist. On May 20–21, 1927, Lindbergh made the first nonstop flight from New York City to Paris, a distance o ...
's 20-month-old son Charles Jr is kidnapped from his home in East Amwell, New Jersey. His body would not be found until May 12. *
1939 This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to ...
– An
Imperial Japanese Army The was the official ground-based armed force of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945. It was controlled by the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office and the Ministry of the Army, both of which were nominally subordinate to the Emperor o ...
ammunition dump explodes at
Hirakata, Osaka file:Hirakata Park.jpg, 260px, Hirakata Park is a Cities of Japan, city in northeastern Osaka Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 397,681 in 183075 households and a population density of 6100 persons per km2. The total ...
, Japan, killing 94. *
1941 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Eu ...
–
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
:
Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...
signs the
Tripartite Pact The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Italy, and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by, respectively, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Galeazzo Ciano and Saburō Kurusu. It was a defensive military ...
, allying itself with the
Axis powers The Axis powers, ; it, Potenze dell'Asse ; ja, 枢軸国 ''Sūjikukoku'', group=nb originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies. Its principal members were ...
. *
1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...
– World War II:
Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...
forces land on
Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...
, the main island of the
Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies ( nl, Nederlands(ch)-Indië; ), was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which ...
, at Merak and
Banten Bay Banten Bay also known as Bantam Bay is a bay in Banten province, near the north-west tip of Java, Indonesia. It is part of the Java Sea and has a total water surface of approximately 150 square kilometres and an average depth of seven metres. It inc ...
(
Banten Banten ( id, Banten; Sundanese: , romanized ''Banten'') is the westernmost province on the island of Java, Indonesia. Its capital city is Serang. The province borders West Java and the Special Capital Region of Jakarta on the east, the Java Se ...
), Eretan Wetan (
Indramayu Indramayu ( jv, ꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦿꦩꦪꦸ; zh, 南麻由), named after the God Indra, is a town and district which serves as the capital of Indramayu Regency in the West Java province of Indonesia, and is located in the northern coastal area of ...
) and Kragan (
Rembang Rembang Regency ( id, Kabupaten Rembang) is a regency ( id, kabupaten) on the extreme northeast coast of Central Java Province, on the island of Java (bordering on the Java Sea) in Indonesia. The regency covers an area of 1,035.70 km2 on Java ...
). *
1946 Events January * January 6 - The 1946 North Vietnamese parliamentary election, first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into f ...
– The
Bank of England The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. Established in 1694 to act as the English Government's banker, and still one of the bankers for the Government of ...
is nationalised. *
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country in ...
– The
International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster globa ...
begins financial operations. *
1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – 1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash, Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 cr ...
–
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
:
Klaus Fuchs Klaus Emil Julius Fuchs (29 December 1911 – 28 January 1988) was a German theoretical physicist and atomic spy who supplied information from the American, British and Canadian Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union during and shortly aft ...
is convicted of spying for the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
by disclosing top secret
atomic bomb A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bomb ...
data. *
1953 Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito i ...
– Soviet Premier
Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...
suffers a stroke and collapses; he dies four days later. *
1954 Events January * January 1 – The Soviet Union ceases to demand war reparations from West Germany. * January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting. * January 7 – Georgetown-IBM experiment: The fir ...
–
Nuclear weapons testing Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, Nuclear weapon yield, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detona ...
: The
Castle Bravo Castle Bravo was the first in a series of high-yield thermonuclear weapon design tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands, as part of ''Operation Castle''. Detonated on March 1, 1954, the device was the most powerful ...
, a 15-
megaton Megaton may refer to: * A million tons * Megaton TNT equivalent, explosive energy equal to 4.184 petajoules * megatonne, a million tonnes, SI unit of mass Other uses * Olivier Megaton (born 1965), French film director, writer and editor * ''Me ...
hydrogen bomb A thermonuclear weapon, fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb (H bomb) is a second-generation nuclear weapon design. Its greater sophistication affords it vastly greater destructive power than first-generation nuclear bombs, a more compact size, a lowe ...
, is detonated on
Bikini Atoll Bikini Atoll ( or ; Marshallese: , , meaning "coconut place"), sometimes known as Eschscholtz Atoll between the 1800s and 1946 is a coral reef in the Marshall Islands consisting of 23 islands surrounding a central lagoon. After the Second ...
in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst
radioactive contamination Radioactive contamination, also called radiological pollution, is the deposition of, or presence of radioactive substances on surfaces or within solids, liquids, or gases (including the human body), where their presence is unintended or undesirab ...
ever caused by the United States. * 1954 – Armed Puerto Rican nationalists attack the
United States Capitol The United States Capitol, often called The Capitol or the Capitol Building, is the seat of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, which is formally known as the United States Congress. It is located on Capitol Hill ...
building, injuring five Representatives. *
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim ...
– The
International Air Transport Association The International Air Transport Association (IATA ) is a trade association of the world's airlines founded in 1945. IATA has been described as a cartel since, in addition to setting technical standards for airlines, IATA also organized tariff ...
finalizes a draft of the
Radiotelephony spelling alphabet The (International) Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, commonly known as the NATO phonetic alphabet, is the most widely used set of clear code words for communicating the letters of the Roman alphabet, technically a ''radiotelephonic spelling ...
for the
International Civil Aviation Organization The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international sc ...
. * 1956 – Formation of the
East German East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
Nationale Volksarmee The National People's Army (german: Nationale Volksarmee, ; NVA ) were the armed forces of the East Germany, German Democratic Republic (GDR) from 1956 to 1990. The NVA was organized into four branches: the (Ground Forces), the (Navy), the ...
. *
1958 Events January * January 1 – The European Economic Community (EEC) comes into being. * January 3 – The West Indies Federation is formed. * January 4 ** Edmund Hillary's Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition completes the third ...
–
Samuel Alphonsus Stritch Samuel Alphonsius Stritch (August 17, 1887 – May 27, 1958) was an American Cardinal prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as archbishop of the Archdiocese of Chicago from 1940 to 1958 and as pro-prefect of the Sacred Congregation for Pro ...
is appointed
Pro-Prefect Prefect (from the Latin ''praefectus'', substantive adjectival form of ''praeficere'': "put in front", meaning in charge) is a magisterial title of varying definition, but essentially refers to the leader of an administrative area. A prefect's ...
of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first U.S. member of the Roman Curia. * 1961 –
Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territor ...
becomes self-governing and holds its first elections. *
1962 Events January * January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand. * January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism. * January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wors ...
– American Airlines Flight 1 crashes into
Jamaica Bay Jamaica Bay is an estuary on the southern portion of the western tip of Long Island, in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York. The estuary is partially man-made, and partially natural. The bay connects with Lower New York Bay to the west, ...
in
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
, killing 95. *
1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch ...
–
Villarrica Volcano Villarrica ( ) ( es, Volcán Villarrica, arn, Ruka Pillañ) is one of Chile's most active volcanoes, rising above the lake and town of the same name, south of Santiago. It is also known as Rucapillán, a Mapuche word meaning "great spirit's hous ...
begins a strombolian eruption causing
lahar A lahar (, from jv, ꦮ꧀ꦭꦲꦂ) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley. Lahars are extreme ...
s that destroy half of the town of
Coñaripe Coñaripe is a Chilean town and resort area, located on the shore of Calafquén Lake. Administratively it belongs to Panguipulli commune in Valdivia Province of Los Ríos Region. The town is placed at its current position since the older settlemen ...
. *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...
–
Venera 3 Venera 3 (russian: Венера-3 meaning ''Venus 3'') was a Venera program space probe that was built and launched by the Soviet Union to explore the surface of Venus. It was launched on 16 November 1965 at 04:19 UTC from Baikonur, Kazakhstan ...
Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
space probe A space probe is an artificial satellite that travels through space to collect scientific data. A space probe may orbit Earth; approach the Moon; travel through interplanetary space; flyby, orbit, or land or fly on other planetary bodies; or ent ...
crashes on
Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is sometimes called Earth's "sister" or "twin" planet as it is almost as large and has a similar composition. As an interior planet to Earth, Venus (like Mercury) appears in Earth's sky never fa ...
becoming the first
spacecraft A spacecraft is a vehicle or machine designed to fly in outer space. A type of artificial satellite, spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, including communications, Earth observation, meteorology, navigation, space colonization, p ...
to land on another
planet A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor its remnant. The best available theory of planet formation is the nebular hypothesis, which posits that an interstellar cloud collapses out of a nebula to create a you ...
's surface. * 1966 – The
Ba'ath Party The Arab Socialist Baʿath Party ( ar, حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي ' ) was a political party founded in Syria by Mishel ʿAflaq, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Bītār, and associates of Zaki al-ʾArsūzī. The party espoused B ...
takes power in
Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
. *
1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses ( February 25, July 22 and August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 10, and August 6). The world population increased by 2.1% this year, the highest increase in history. Events Ja ...
–
President of Pakistan The president of Pakistan ( ur, , translit=s̤adr-i Pākiṣṭān), officially the President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is the ceremonial head of state of Pakistan and the commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces.Yahya Khan General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan , (Urdu: ; 4 February 1917 – 10 August 1980); commonly known as Yahya Khan, was a Pakistani military general who served as the third President of Pakistan and Chief Martial Law Administrator following his pr ...
indefinitely postpones the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in
East Pakistan East Pakistan was a Pakistani province established in 1955 by the One Unit Scheme, One Unit Policy, renaming the province as such from East Bengal, which, in modern times, is split between India and Bangladesh. Its land borders were with India ...
. *
1973 Events January * January 1 - The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 15 – Vietnam War: Citing progress in peace negotiations, U.S. ...
–
Black September Black September ( ar, أيلول الأسود; ''Aylūl Al-Aswad''), also known as the Jordanian Civil War, was a conflict fought in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan between the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF), under the leadership of King Hussein ...
storms the Saudi embassy in
Khartoum Khartoum or Khartum ( ; ar, الخرطوم, Al-Khurṭūm, din, Kaartuɔ̈m) is the capital of Sudan. With a population of 5,274,321, its metropolitan area is the largest in Sudan. It is located at the confluence of the White Nile, flowing n ...
,
Sudan Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t ...
, resulting in the assassination of three Western hostages. *
1974 Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; f ...
–
Watergate scandal The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation. The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration's continual ...
: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice. *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensiv ...
–
Provisional Irish Republican Army The Irish Republican Army (IRA; ), also known as the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and informally as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reun ...
member
Bobby Sands Robert Gerard Sands ( ga, Roibeárd Gearóid Ó Seachnasaigh; 9 March 1954 – 5 May 1981) was a member (and leader in the Maze prison) of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) who died on hunger strike while imprisoned at HM Prison Maze ...
begins his
hunger strike A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance in which participants fast as an act of political protest, or to provoke a feeling of guilt in others, usually with the objective to achieve a specific goal, such as a policy change. Most ...
in
HM Prison Maze Her Majesty's Prison Maze (previously Long Kesh Detention Centre, and known colloquially as The Maze or H-Blocks) was a prison in Northern Ireland that was used to house alleged paramilitary prisoners during the Troubles from August 1971 to Sept ...
. *
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
–
Steve Jackson Games Steve Jackson Games (SJGames) is a game company, founded in 1980 by Steve Jackson, that creates and publishes role-playing, board, and card games, and (until 2019) the gaming magazine ''Pyramid''. History Founded in 1980, six years after the cr ...
is raided by the
United States Secret Service The United States Secret Service (USSS or Secret Service) is a federal law enforcement agency under the Department of Homeland Security charged with conducting criminal investigations and protecting U.S. political leaders, their families, and ...
, prompting the later formation of the
Electronic Frontier Foundation The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California. The foundation was formed on 10 July 1990 by John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow and Mitch Kapor to promote Internet ci ...
. *
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phil ...
– Uprisings against
Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein ( ; ar, صدام حسين, Ṣaddām Ḥusayn; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolution ...
begin in Iraq, leading to the death of more than 25,000 people mostly civilian. *1992 – Bosnia and Herzegovina declares its independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. *1998 – ''Titanic (1997 film), Titanic'' became the first film to gross over List of highest-grossing films, $1 billion worldwide. *2002 – War in Afghanistan (2001–present), U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins in eastern Afghanistan. * 2002 – The Envisat environmental satellite successfully launches aboard an Ariane 5#List of launches, Ariane 5 rocket to reach an orbit of above the Earth, which was the then-largest payload (air and space craft), payload at 10.5 m long and with a diameter of 4.57 m. *2003 – Management of the United States Customs Service and the
United States Secret Service The United States Secret Service (USSS or Secret Service) is a federal law enforcement agency under the Department of Homeland Security charged with conducting criminal investigations and protecting U.S. political leaders, their families, and ...
move to the United States Department of Homeland Security. * 2003 – The International Criminal Court holds its inaugural session in The Hague. *2005 – In ''Roper v. Simmons'', the Supreme Court of the United States, U.S. Supreme Court rules that the execution of juveniles found guilty of murder is unconstitutional. *2006 – English-language Wikipedia reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station. *2007 – Tornadoes February–March 2007 tornado outbreak sequence, break out across the southern United States, killing at least 20 people, including eight at Enterprise High School (Alabama), Enterprise High School. *2008 – The Police of Armenia, Armenian police clash with peaceful opposition rally protesting against 2008 Armenian presidential election, allegedly fraudulent presidential elections, as a result ten people are killed. *2014 – Thirty-five people are killed and 143 injured in a 2014 Kunming attack, mass stabbing at Kunming Railway Station in China.


Births


Pre-1600

*1105 – Alfonso VII of León, Alfonso VII, king of León and Castile (d. 1157) *1389 – Antoninus of Florence, Italian archbishop and saint (d. 1459) *1432 – Isabella of Coimbra (d. 1455) *1456 – Vladislaus II of Hungary (d. 1516) *1547 – Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher and lexicographer (d. 1628) *1554 – William Stafford (conspirator), William Stafford, English courtier and conspirator (d. 1612) *1577 – Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland (d. 1635) *1597 – Jean-Charles della Faille, Flemish priest and mathematician (d. 1652)


1601–1900

*1611 – John Pell (mathematician), John Pell, English mathematician and linguist (d. 1685) *1629 – Abraham Teniers, Flemish painter (d. 1670) *1647 – John de Brito, Portuguese Jesuit missionary and martyr (d. 1693) *1657 – Samuel Werenfels, Swiss theologian and author (d. 1740) *1683 – 6th Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso, sixth Dalai Lama (d. 1706) *1683 – Caroline of Ansbach, British queen and regent (d. 1737) *1724 – Manuel do Cenáculo, Portuguese prelate and antiquarian (d. 1814) *1732 – William Cushing, American lawyer and judge (d. 1810) *1760 – François Buzot, French lawyer and politician (d. 1794) *1769 – François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, French general (d. 1796) *1807 – Wilford Woodruff, American religious leader, 4th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1898) *1810 – Frédéric Chopin, Polish pianist and composer (d. 1849) *1812 – Augustus Pugin, English architect, co-designed the Palace of Westminster (d. 1852) *1817 – Giovanni Duprè, Italian sculptor and educator (d. 1882) *1821 – Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German bishop and academic (d. 1896) *1835 – Philip Fysh, English-Australian politician, 12th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1919) *1837 – William Dean Howells, American novelist, playwright, and critic (d. 1920) *1842 – Nikolaos Gyzis, Greek painter and academic (d. 1901) *1848 – Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Irish-American sculptor and academic (d. 1907) *1852 – Théophile Delcassé, French politician, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (France), French Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1923) *1863 – Aleksandr Golovin (artist), Alexander Golovin, Russian painter and set designer (d. 1930) *
1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...
– E. M. Antoniadi, Greek-French astronomer and academic (d. 1944) *1876 – Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian businessman (d. 1942) *1880 – Lytton Strachey, British writer and critic (d. 1932) *1886 – Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian-Swiss painter, poet, and playwright (d. 1980) *1888 – Ewart Astill, English cricketer and billiards player (d. 1948) * 1888 – Fanny Walden, English cricketer and umpire, international footballer (d. 1949) *1889 – Tetsuro Watsuji, Japanese historian and philosopher (d. 1960) *1890 – Theresa Bernstein, Polish-American painter and author (d. 2002) *1891 – Ralph Hitz, Austrian-American hotelier (d. 1940) *1892 – Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Japanese author and educator (d. 1927) *
1893 Events January–March * January 2 – Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers, which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America. * Mark Twain started writing Puddn'head Wilson. * January 6 – Th ...
– Mercedes de Acosta, American author, poet, and playwright (d. 1968) *
1896 Events January–March * January 2 – The Jameson Raid comes to an end, as Jameson surrenders to the Boers. * January 4 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state. * January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports that Wil ...
– Dimitri Mitropoulos, Greek pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1960) * 1896 – Moriz Seeler, German playwright and producer (d. 1942) *1899 – Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, German SS officer (d. 1972) *1900 – Basil Bunting, British poet (d. 1985)


1901–present

*1904 – Paul Hartman, American actor, singer, and dancer (d. 1973) * 1904 – Glenn Miller, American trombonist, composer, and bandleader (d. 1944) *1905 – Doris Hare, Welsh-English actress, singer, and dancer (d. 2000) *1906 – Phạm Văn Đồng, Vietnamese lieutenant and politician, 2nd List of Prime Ministers of Vietnam, Prime Minister of Vietnam (d. 2000) *1909 – Eugene Esmonde, English lieutenant and pilot (d. 1942) * 1909 – Winston Sharples, American pianist and composer (d. 1978) *
1910 Events January * January 13 – The first public radio broadcast takes place; live performances of the operas '' Cavalleria rusticana'' and ''Pagliacci'' are sent out over the airwaves, from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York C ...
– Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002) * 1910 – David Niven, English soldier and actor (d. 1983) *1912 – Gerald Emmett Carter, Canadian cardinal (d. 2003) * 1912 – Boris Chertok, Polish-Russian engineer and academic (d. 2011) *
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...
– Harry Caray, American sportscaster (d. 1998) * 1914 – Ralph Ellison, American novelist and literary critic (d. 1994) *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
– Robert Lowell, American poet (d. 1977) * 1917 – Dinah Shore, American singer and actress (d. 1994) *1918 – João Goulart, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 24th President of Brazil (d. 1976) * 1918 – Gladys Spellman, American educator and politician (d. 1988) *1920 – Max Bentley, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1984) * 1920 – Howard Nemerov, American poet and academic (d. 1991) *
1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in First Brazilian Republic, Brazil. ** The Spanish lin ...
– Cameron Argetsinger, American race car driver and lawyer (d. 2008) * 1921 – Terence Cooke, American cardinal (d. 1983) * 1921 – Richard Wilbur, American poet, translator, and essayist (d. 2017) *1922 – William Gaines, American publisher (d. 1992) * 1922 – Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli general and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Israel, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995) *1924 – Arnold Drake, American author and screenwriter (d. 2007) * 1924 – Deke Slayton, American soldier, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1993) * 1926 – Robert Clary, French-American actor and author (d. 2022) * 1926 – Cesare Danova, Italian-American actor (d. 1992) * 1926 – Pete Rozelle, American businessman and 3rd History of the NFL Commissioner, Commissioner of the National Football League (d. 1996) * 1926 – Allan Stanley, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2013) *1927 – George O. Abell, American astronomer, professor at UCLA, science popularizer, and skeptic (d. 1983) * 1927 – Harry Belafonte, American singer-songwriter and actor * 1927 – Robert Bork, American lawyer and scholar, United States Attorney General (d. 2012) *1928 – Jacques Rivette, French director, screenwriter, and critic (d. 2016) *1929 – Georgi Markov, Bulgarian journalist and author (d. 1978) * 1930 – Monu Mukhopadhyay, Indian Bengali actor (d. 2020) *1930 – Gastone Nencini, Italian cyclist (d. 1980) *1934 – Jean-Michel Folon, Belgian painter and sculptor (d. 2005) * 1934 – Joan Hackett, American actress (d. 1983) *1935 – Robert Conrad, American actor, radio host and stuntman (d. 2020) *1936 – Jean-Edern Hallier, French author (d. 1997) *
1939 This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to ...
– Leo Brouwer, Cuban guitarist, composer, and conductor * 1939 – Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Pakistani author *1940 – Robin Gray (Australian politician), Robin Gray, Australian politician, 37th Premier of Tasmania * 1940 – Robert Grossman, American painter, sculptor, and author (d. 2018) *
1941 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Eu ...
– Robert Hass, American poet * 1941 – Dave Marcis, American stock car racing driver *
1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...
– Richard Myers, American general *1943 – Gil Amelio, American businessman * 1943 – José Ángel Iribar, Spanish footballer and manager * 1943 – Rashid Sunyaev, Russian-German astronomer and physicist *1944 – Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Indian politician, 7th Chief Minister of West Bengal * 1944 – John Breaux, American lawyer and politician * 1944 – Roger Daltrey, English singer-songwriter, producer, and actor * 1944 – Mike d'Abo, English singer *1945 – Dirk Benedict, American actor and director *
1946 Events January * January 6 - The 1946 North Vietnamese parliamentary election, first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into f ...
– Gerry Boulet, Canadian singer-songwriter (d. 1990) * 1946 – Jim Crace, English author and academic *
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country in ...
– Alan Thicke, Canadian-American actor and composer (d. 2016) *1951 – Sergei Kourdakov, Russian-American KGB agent (d. 1973) *1952 – Dave Barr (golfer), Dave Barr, Canadian golfer * 1952 – Nevada Barr, American actress and author * 1952 – Leigh Matthews, Australian footballer, coach, and sportscaster * 1952 – Jerri Nielsen, American physician and explorer (d. 2009) * 1952 – Martin O'Neill, Northern Irish footballer and manager *
1953 Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito i ...
– M. K. Stalin, Indian Politics of Tamil Nadu, Tamil politician, 8th and incumbent List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu *1953 – Sinan Çetin, Turkish actor, director, and producer * 1953 – Carlos Queiroz, Portuguese footballer and manager *
1954 Events January * January 1 – The Soviet Union ceases to demand war reparations from West Germany. * January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting. * January 7 – Georgetown-IBM experiment: The fir ...
– Catherine Bach, American actress * 1954 – Ron Howard, American actor, director, and producer * 1954 – Rod Reddy, Australian rugby league player and coach *
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim ...
– Tim Daly, American actor, director, and producer * 1956 – Dalia Grybauskaitė, Lithuanian politician, President of Lithuania *
1958 Events January * January 1 – The European Economic Community (EEC) comes into being. * January 3 – The West Indies Federation is formed. * January 4 ** Edmund Hillary's Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition completes the third ...
– Nik Kershaw, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1958 – Wayne B. Phillips, Australian cricketer and coach *1959 – Nick Griffin, English politician *1961 – Mike Rozier, American football player *1963 – Ron Francis, Canadian ice hockey player and manager *1965 – Booker T (wrestler), Booker T, American wrestler and sportscaster * 1965 – Stewart Elliott, Canadian jockey *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...
– Zack Snyder, American director, producer, and screenwriter *1967 – Aron Winter, Surinamese-Dutch footballer and manager *1969 – Javier Bardem, Spanish actor and producer *
1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses ( February 25, July 22 and August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 10, and August 6). The world population increased by 2.1% this year, the highest increase in history. Events Ja ...
– Ivan Cleary, Australian rugby league player and coach *1971 – Ma Dong-seok, South Korean-American actor *
1973 Events January * January 1 - The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 15 – Vietnam War: Citing progress in peace negotiations, U.S. ...
– Chris Webber, American basketball player and sportscaster *1977 – Rens Blom, Dutch pole vaulter *1979 – Mikkel Kessler, Danish boxer * 1979 – Bruno Langlois, Canadian cyclist *1980 – Shahid Afridi, Pakistani cricketer * 1980 – Sercan Güvenışık, German-Turkish footballer * 1980 – Djimi Traoré, French-Malian footballer *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensiv ...
– Will Power, Australian race car driver *1983 – Daniel Carvalho, Brazilian footballer * 1983 – Anthony Tupou, Australian rugby league player *1984 – Alexander Steen, Canadian-Swedish ice hockey player *1985 – Andreas Ottl, German footballer *1986 – Jonathan Spector, American footballer *1987 – Kesha, American singer-songwriter and actress * 1989 – Carlos Vela, Mexican footballer *1992 – Tom Walsh (shot putter), Tom Walsh, New Zealand athlete *1993 – Nathan Brown (rugby league, born 1993), Nathan Brown, Australian rugby league player * 1993 – Michael Conforto, American baseball player * 1993 – Kurt Mann, Australian rugby league player * 1993 – Josh McEachran, English footballer *1994 – Justin Bieber, Canadian singer-songwriter * 1994 – Asanoyama Hideki, Japanese sumo wrestler * 1994 – Tyreek Hill, American football player *1999 – Brogan Hay, Scottish footballer *2000 – Ja'Marr Chase, American football player


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 492 – Pope Felix III, Felix III, pope of the Catholic Church * 589 – Saint David, David, Welsh bishop and saint * 965 – Pope Leo VIII, Leo VIII, pope of the Catholic Church * 977 – Rudesind, Galician bishop (b. 907) * 991 – Emperor En'yū, En'yū, Japanese emperor (b. 959) *1058 – Ermesinde of Carcassonne, countess and regent of Barcelona (b. 972) *1131 – Stephen II of Hungary, Stephen II, king of Hungary and Croatia (b. 1101) *1233 – Thomas, Count of Savoy, Thomas, count of Savoy (b. 1178) *1244 – Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, Welsh noble, son of Llywelyn the Great (b. 1200) *1320 – Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, Chinese emperor (b. 1286) *1383 – Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy, Amadeus VI, count of Savoy (b. 1334) *1510 – Francisco de Almeida, Portuguese soldier and explorer (b. 1450) *1546 – George Wishart, Scottish minister and martyr (b. 1513)


1601–1900

*1620 – Thomas Campion, English poet and composer (b. 1567) *
1633 Events January–March * January 20 – Galileo Galilei, having been summoned to Rome on orders of Pope Urban VIII, leaves for Florence for his journey. His carriage is halted at Ponte a Centino at the border of Tuscany, where ...
– George Herbert, English poet and orator (b. 1593) *1643 – Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian pianist and composer (b. 1583) *1661 – Richard Zouch, English judge and politician (b. 1590) *1697 – Francesco Redi, Italian physician and poet (b. 1626) *1734 – Roger North (biographer), Roger North, English lawyer and author (b. 1653) *1768 – Hermann Samuel Reimarus, German philosopher and author (b. 1694) *1773 – Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect, designed the Palace of Caserta (b. 1700) *1792 – Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1747) * 1792 – Angelo Emo, Venetian admiral and statesman (b. 1731) *1841 – Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno, French general and politician, Minister of Defence (France), French Minister of Defence (b. 1764) *1862 – Peter Barlow (mathematician), Peter Barlow, English mathematician and physicist (b. 1776) *1875 – Tristan Corbière, French poet and educator (b. 1845) *1882 – Theodor Kullak, German pianist, composer, and educator (b. 1818) *1884 – Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician and academic (b. 1820) *1889 – William Henry Monk, English organist and composer (b. 1823)


1901–present

*1906 – José María de Pereda, Spanish author (b. 1833) *1911 – Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch-German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852) *
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...
– Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, English soldier and politician, 8th Governor General of Canada (b. 1845) *1920 – John H. Bankhead, American lawyer and politician (b. 1842) *1922 – Pichichi (footballer), Pichichi, Spanish footballer (b. 1892) *1925 – Homer Plessy, American political activist (b. 1862 or 1863) *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...
– Frank Teschemacher, American Jazz musician (b. 1906) *1936 – Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian author and poet (b. 1871) *1938 – Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian journalist and politician (b. 1863) *1940 – A. H. Tammsaare, Estonian author (b. 1878) *
1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...
– George S. Rentz, American commander (b. 1882) *1943 – Alexandre Yersin, Swiss-French physician and bacteriologist (b. 1863) *1952 – Mariano Azuela, Mexican physician and author (b. 1873) *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...
– Fritz Houtermans, Polish-German physicist and academic (b. 1903) *
1974 Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; f ...
– Bobby Timmons, American pianist and composer (b. 1935) *1976 – Jean Martinon, French conductor and composer (b. 1910) *1978 – Paul Scott (novelist), Paul Scott, English author, poet, and playwright (b. 1920) *1979 – Mustafa Barzani, Iraqi-Kurdistan politician (b. 1903) *1980 – Wilhelmina Cooper, Dutch-American model and businesswoman, founded Wilhelmina Models (b. 1940) * 1980 – Dixie Dean, English footballer (b. 1907) *1983 – Arthur Koestler, Hungarian-English journalist and author (b. 1905) *1984 – Jackie Coogan, American actor (b. 1914) *1988 – Joe Besser, American comedian and actor (b. 1907) *1989 – Vasantdada Patil, Indian politician, 5th Chief Minister of Maharashtra (b. 1917) *
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phil ...
– Edwin H. Land, American scientist and businessman, co-founded the Polaroid Corporation (b. 1909) *1995 – César Rodríguez Álvarez, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1920) * 1995 – Georges J. F. Köhler, German biologist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1946) *1998 – Archie Goodwin (comics), Archie Goodwin, American author and illustrator (b. 1937) *2004 – Mian Ghulam Jilani, Pakistani general (b. 1914) *2006 – Peter Osgood, English footballer (b. 1947) * 2006 – Jack Wild, English actor (b.1952) * 2006 – Nurasyura binte Mohamed Fauzi, Singaporean rape and murder victim. *2010 – Kristian Digby, English television host and director (b. 1977) *2012 – Andrew Breitbart, American journalist and publisher (b. 1969) * 2012 – Germano Mosconi, Italian journalist (b. 1932) *2013 – Bonnie Franklin, American actress, dancer, and singer (b. 1944) *2014 – Alain Resnais, French director, cinematographer, and screenwriter (b. 1922) *2015 – Minnie Miñoso, Cuban-American baseball player and coach (b. 1922) *2018 – María Rubio, Mexican television, film and stage actress (b. 1934) *2019 – Mike Willesee, Australian journalist and producer (b. 1942)


Holidays and observances

*Beer Day (Iceland), Beer Day, marked the end of beer prohibition in 1989 (Iceland) *Christian feast day: **Agnes Tsao Kou Ying (one of the Martyr Saints of China) **Albinus of Angers, Albin **Saint David, David **Eudokia of Heliopolis **Pope Felix III **Leoluca **Luperculus **Monan (saint), Monan **Rudesind **Saint David's Day, Saint David's Day or ''Dydd Gŵyl Dewi Sant'' (Wales and Welsh communities) **Suitbert of Kaiserswerdt, Suitbert **March 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *Commemoration of Mustafa Barzani's Death (Iraqi Kurdistan) *Disability Day of Mourning *Francisco Solano López, Heroes' Day (Paraguay) *Independence Day (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina from Socialist Federal Republic of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia in 1992. *Public holidays in Poland, National "Cursed Soldiers" Remembrance Day (Poland) *Remembrance Day (Marshall Islands) *Samiljeol (South Korea) *Self-injury Awareness Day (International observance, international) *Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe celebration of the beginning of spring: **Baba Marta Day (
Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...
) **Mărțișor (Romania and Moldova) *The final day (fourth or fifth) of Ayyám-i-Há (Baháʼí Faith) *World Seagrass Day *Yap Day (Yap State) *Zero Discrimination Day


References


External links


BBC: On This Day
*
Historical Events on March 1
{{months Days of the year March