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1989 Santa Elmira Massacre
The Santa Elmira massacre was a massacre on activists of the Brazilean Landless Workers' Movement (MST) in Rio Grande do Sul in 1989. In early 1989 a group of the MST that had been resettled in Salto do Jacuí occupied the Santa Elmira ranch. An order to dislodge them was issued, but the MST refused to leave the land. They were forcefully evicted from the land by military forces and small farming aircraft of the União Democrática Ruralista (that dropped tear gas bombs). 19 MST activists were killed by gunfire, 400 were injured and 22 were taken prisoner.Morrisawa, Mitsue. ''A História da Luta Pela Terra e o MST''. São Paulo: Editora Expressão Popular, 2008. p. 174 See also *List of massacres in Brazil *Eldorado do Carajás massacre The Eldorado do Carajás massacre () was the mass killing of nineteen landless farmers who were squatting at a private ranch. They were shot by military police on April 17, 1996, in the southern region of the Pará state, Brazil. On April 17, 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massacre
A massacre is the killing of a large number of people or animals, especially those who are not involved in any fighting or have no way of defending themselves. A massacre is generally considered to be morally unacceptable, especially when perpetrated by a group of political actors against defenseless victims. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". A "massacre" is not necessarily a "crime against humanity". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing. Etymology The modern definition of ''massacre'' as "indiscriminate slaughter, carnage", and the subsequent verb of this form, derive from late 16th century Middle French, evolved from Middle French ''"macacre, macecle"'' meaning "slaughterhouse, butchery". Further origins are dubious, though may be related to Latin ''macellum'' "provisions store, butcher shop". The Middle French word ''macecr'' "butchery, carnage" is first recor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 States of Brazil, states and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese language, Portuguese as an List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language, official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most Multiculturalism, multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass Immigration to Brazil, immigration from around the world; and the most populous Catholic Church by country, Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landless Workers' Movement
Landless Workers' Movement ( pt, Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, MST) is a social movement in Brazil, inspired by Marxism, generally regarded as one of the largest in Latin America with an estimated informal membership of 1.5 million across 23 of Brazil's 26 states. MST defines its goals as access to the land for poor workers through land reform in Brazil and activism around social issues that make land ownership more difficult to achieve, such as unequal income distribution, racism, sexism, and media monopolies. MST strives to achieve a self-sustainable way of life for the rural poor. The MST differs from previous land reform movements in its single-issue focus; land reform for them is a self-justifying cause. The organization maintains that it is legally justified in occupying unproductive land, pointing to the most recent Constitution of Brazil (1988), which contains a passage saying that land should fulfill a social function (Article 5, XXIII). The MST also note ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rio Grande Do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul (, , ; "Great River of the South") is a Federative units of Brazil, state in the South Region, Brazil, southern region of Brazil. It is the Federative_units_of_Brazil#List, fifth-most-populous state and the List of Brazilian states by area, ninth largest by area. Located in the southernmost part of the country, Rio Grande do Sul is bordered clockwise by Santa Catarina (state), Santa Catarina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Uruguayan Departments of Uruguay, departments of Rocha Department, Rocha, Treinta y Tres Department, Treinta y Tres, Cerro Largo Department, Cerro Largo, Rivera Department, Rivera and Artigas Department, Artigas to the south and southwest, and the Argentina, Argentine Provinces of Argentina, provinces of Corrientes Province, Corrientes and Misiones Province, Misiones to the west and northwest. The capital and largest city is Porto Alegre. The state has the highest life expectancy in Brazil, and the crime rate i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salto Do Jacuí
Salto do Jacuí is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. As of 2020, the estimated population was 12,481. See also *List of municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul This is a list of the municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), located in the South Region of Brazil. Rio Grande do Sul is divided into 497 municipalities, which are grouped into 35 microregions, which are grouped into 7 mesoregio ... References Municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul {{RioGrandedoSul-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
União Democrática Ruralista
''União Democrática Ruralista'' (UDR), known as Democratic Association of Ruralists in English is a Brazilian right-wing association of farmers and activists from the southeast and center west who are opposed to land reform. Through its members in the Brazilian Congress, the UDR endorses landowner interests and opposes proposals in favour of an agrarian reform process. União Democrática Ruralista opposes land reform and expropriation under its former leader, Luiz Antonio Nabhan Garcia, a Brazilian farmer who went on to have a role in the Bolsonaro government. The organization was founded in 1985, following many expropriations of land in Brazil and remains active under its Brasília Brasília (; ) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District. The city is located at the top of the Brazilian highlands in the country's Central-West region. It was founded by President Juscelino Kubitsche ... based leadership. With tens of thousands of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tear Gas
Tear gas, also known as a lachrymator agent or lachrymator (), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the early commercial aerosol, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears. In addition, it can cause severe eye and respiratory pain, skin irritation, bleeding, and blindness. Common lachrymators both currently and formerly used as tear gas include pepper spray (OC gas), PAVA spray (nonivamide), CS gas, CR gas, CN gas (phenacyl chloride), bromoacetone, xylyl bromide and Mace (a branded mixture). While lachrymatory agents are commonly deployed for riot control by law enforcement and military personnel, its use in warfare is prohibited by various international treaties.E.g. the Geneva Protocol of 1925 prohibited the use of "asphyxiating gas, or any other kind of gas, liquids, substances or similar materials". During World War I, increasingly toxic and deadly lachrymatory agents were used. The short and long-term effec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Massacres In Brazil ...
The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Brazil (numbers may be approximate): References {{Massacres Brazil Massacres * Massacres Massacres A massacre is the killing of a large number of people or animals, especially those who are not involved in any fighting or have no way of defending themselves. A massacre is generally considered to be morally unacceptable, especially when per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eldorado Do Carajás Massacre
The Eldorado do Carajás massacre () was the mass killing of nineteen landless farmers who were squatting at a private ranch. They were shot by military police on April 17, 1996, in the southern region of the Pará state, Brazil. On April 17, 1996, 19 members of the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (Landless Workers Movement) or MST were shot by Pará state military police at the "S" curve of highway PA-150 in Eldorado do Carajás municipality, in southern Pará state. These people were part of a demonstration calling for the federal appropriation of a private ranch where the MST had mounted a camp called "Macaxeira" with almost 3000 families. On the orders of the state secretary of public security, Paulo Sette Câmara, the police were ordered to clear the highway "at any cost". Designation as a massacre The Portuguese word massacre ("chacina", which means the same thing basically) has been used repeatedly and consistently in the Brazilian press to describe the shoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2017 Santa Lúcia Massacre
The Pau D'Arco Massacre was the police killing of 10 landless activists associated with the Brazilian Landless Worker's Movement, on the Santa Lúcia farm in Pau d'Arco, Pará. The massacre occurred on May 24, 2017, and was ostensibly carried out as the enforcement of an eviction order. Confrontation State officials initially reported the killings as having been performed in self-defense, while eyewitnesses and survivors claimed that the victims of the massacre had neither attacked nor received warning from the police. In an independent investigation, the magazine piauí found that the injuries inflicted on the victims were more consistent with what would be expected from one-sided executions, than what would be expected from a firefight. Specifically, more than half of the victims had been shot multiple times, shot in the back, or shot with precision at close range. Additionally, there were no traces of gunpowder found on any of the victims' hands, prompting the local prosecu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass Shootings In Brazil
Mass is an intrinsic property of a body. It was traditionally believed to be related to the quantity of matter in a physical body, until the discovery of the atom and particle physics. It was found that different atoms and different elementary particles, theoretically with the same amount of matter, have nonetheless different masses. Mass in modern physics has multiple definitions which are conceptually distinct, but physically equivalent. Mass can be experimentally defined as a measure of the body's inertia, meaning the resistance to acceleration (change of velocity) when a net force is applied. The object's mass also determines the strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies. The SI base unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). In physics, mass is not the same as weight, even though mass is often determined by measuring the object's weight using a spring scale, rather than balance scale comparing it directly with known masses. An object on the Moon would weigh l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massacres In Brazil
A massacre is the killing of a large number of people or animals, especially those who are not involved in any fighting or have no way of defending themselves. A massacre is generally considered to be morally unacceptable, especially when perpetrated by a group of political actors against defenseless victims. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". A "massacre" is not necessarily a "crime against humanity". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing. Etymology The modern definition of ''massacre'' as "indiscriminate slaughter, carnage", and the subsequent verb of this form, derive from late 16th century Middle French, evolved from Middle French ''"macacre, macecle"'' meaning "slaughterhouse, butchery". Further origins are dubious, though may be related to Latin ''macellum'' "provisions store, butcher shop". The Middle French word ''macecr'' "butchery, carnage" is first recor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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