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1918 In Art
Events from the year 1918 in art. Events * February – British War Memorials Committee formed to commission artworks to create a memorial to the World War I, including a (never-built) Hall of Remembrance. * February 16 – Joan Miró's first solo exhibition opens at the Galeries Dalmau; his work is ridiculed and defaced. * March – C. R. W. Nevinson has an exhibition at the Leicester Galleries in London. His war painting ''Paths of Glory'', condemned by the British Army censor for its depiction of dead soldiers, is displayed by the artist with a brown paper strip across the bodies bearing the word "Censored" and subsequently replaced in the exhibition by a painting of a tank. * May – Stanley Spencer, a serving British Army soldier, is appointed as an official war artist. A similar appointment is made this year for Australian soldier Frank R. Crozier. * May 3 – William Orpen's exhibition ''War'' opens in London; the paintings are donated to the British government. He is kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British War Memorials Committee
The British War Memorials Committee was a British Government body that throughout 1918 was responsible for the commissioning of artworks to create a memorial to the First World War. The Committee was formed in February 1918 when the Department of Information, which had been responsible for war-time propaganda and also operated a war artists scheme, became the Ministry of Information with Lord Beaverbrook as its Minister. Beaverbrook had been running, from London, the Canadian Government's scheme to commission contemporary art during the First World War and believed Britain would benefit from a similar project. Beaverbrook wanted the British War Memorials Committee to change the direction of Government-sponsored art away from propaganda of short-term value only during the conflict to a collection with a much longer lasting national value. Arnold Bennett, alongside Beaverbrook, was the driving force behind the BWMC and was instrumental in ensuring young artists, including those seen as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knight
A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state (including the Pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity. Knighthood finds origins in the Greek ''hippeis'' and '' hoplite'' (ἱππεῖς) and Roman '' eques'' and ''centurion'' of classical antiquity. In the Early Middle Ages in Europe, knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors. During the High Middle Ages, knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility. By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior. Often, a knight was a vassal who served as an elite fighter or a bodyguard for a lord, with payment in the form of land holdings. The lords trusted the knights, who were skilled in battle on horseback. Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship (and especially the joust) from its origins in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
December 14
Events Pre-1600 * 557 – Constantinople is severely damaged by an earthquake, which cracks the dome of Hagia Sophia. * 835 – Sweet Dew Incident: Emperor Wenzong of Tang, Emperor Wenzong of the Tang dynasty conspires to kill the powerful eunuchs of the Tang court, but the plot is foiled. * 1287 – St. Lucia's flood: The Zuiderzee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses, killing over 50,000 people. *1542 – Princess Mary Stuart becomes Queen of Scots at the age of one week on the death of her father, James V of Scotland. 1601–1900 *1751 – The Theresian Military Academy is founded in Wiener Neustadt, Austria. *1780 – Founding Father Alexander Hamilton marries Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton at the Schuyler Mansion in Albany, New York. *1782 – The Montgolfier brothers first test fly an unmanned hot air balloon in France; it floats nearly . *1812 – The French invasion of Russia comes to an end as the remnants of the Grande Armée are expel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
November 7
Events Pre-1600 * 335 – Athanasius is banished to Trier, on the charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople. * 680 – The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople. * 921 – Treaty of Bonn: The Frankish kings Charles the Simple and Henry the Fowler sign a peace treaty or 'pact of friendship' () to recognize their borders along the Rhine. * 1426 – uprising: rebels emerge victorious against the Ming army in the Battle of taking place in , in now Hanoi. * 1492 – The Ensisheim meteorite, the oldest meteorite with a known date of impact, strikes the Earth around noon in a wheat field outside the village of Ensisheim, Alsace, France. *1504 – Christopher Columbus returns from his fourth and last voyage. 1601–1900 *1619 – Elizabeth Stuart is crowned Queen of Bohemia. * 1665 – ''The London Gazette'', the oldest surviving journal, is first published. *1775 – John Murray, the Royal Gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robespierre Monument (Moscow)
The Robespierre Monument (russian: Памятник Робеспьеру) was one of the first monuments erected in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (later part of the Soviet Union), raised in Moscow on 3 November 1918 – just ahead of the first anniversary of the October Revolution, which had brought the Bolsheviks to power. It depicted Maximilien de Robespierre, a prominent figure of the French Revolution. Located in Alexander Garden, it had been designed by the sculptor Beatrice Yuryevna Sandomierz (russian: Беатриса Юрьевна Сандомирская). Created as part of the "monumental propaganda" plan, the monument was commissioned by Vladimir Lenin, who in an edict referred to Robespierre as a "Bolshevik ''avant la lettre''". It was only one of several planned statues depicting French revolutionaries – others were to be made of Georges Danton, François-Noël Babeuf and Jean-Paul Marat, although only the one of Danton was never completed. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
November 3
Events Pre-1600 * 361 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia; on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor. *1333 – The River Arno floods causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani. *1468 – Liège is sacked by Charles I of Burgundy's troops. *1492 – Peace of Etaples between Henry VII of England and Charles VIII of France. *1493 – Christopher Columbus first sights the island of Dominica in the Caribbean Sea. *1534 – English Parliament passes the first Act of Supremacy, making King Henry VIII head of the Anglican Church, supplanting the pope and the Roman Catholic Church. 1601–1900 *1783 – The American Continental Army is disbanded. *1793 – French playwright, journalist and feminist Olympe de Gouges is guillotined. *1812 – Napoleon's armies are defeated at the Battle of Vyazma. *1817 – The Bank of Montre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunsthalle Bern
The Kunsthalle Bern is a ''Kunsthalle'' (art exposition hall) on the Helvetiaplatz in Bern, Switzerland. It was built in 1917–1918 by the Kunsthalle Bern Association and opened on October 5, 1918. Since then, it has been the site of numerous expositions of contemporary art. The ''Kunsthalle'' gained international renown with expositions by artists such as Paul Klee, Christo, Alberto Giacometti, Henry Moore, Jasper Johns, Sol LeWitt, Gregor Schneider, Bruce Nauman and Daniel Buren, and with thematic expositions such as Harald Szeemann's '' Live In Your Head: When Attitudes Become Form'' (1969). On the occasion of its 50th anniversary the Kunsthalle Bern became the first building ever to be wrapped entirely by Christo and Jeanne-Claude in July 1968. Directors * 1918 – 1930: Robert Kieser * 1931 – 1946: Max Huggler * 1946 – 1955: Arnold Rüdlinger * 1955 – 1961: Franz Meyer * 1961 – 1969: Harald Szeemann * 1970 – 1974: Carlo Huber * 1974 – 1982: Johannes G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
October 15
Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later. * 1211 – Battle of the Rhyndacus: The Latin emperor Henry of Flanders defeats the Nicaean emperor Theodore I Laskaris. * 1529 – The Siege of Vienna ends when Austria routs the invading Ottoman forces, ending its European expansion. * 1582 – Adoption of the Gregorian calendar begins, eventually leading to near-universal adoption. 1601–1900 * 1783 – The Montgolfier brothers' hot air balloon makes the first human ascent, piloted by Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier. * 1793 – Queen Marie Antoinette of France is tried and convicted of treason. *1815 – Napoleon begins his exile on Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean. * 1863 – American Civil War: The ''H. L. Hunley'', the first submarine to sink a ship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgia O'Keeffe
Georgia Totto O'Keeffe (November 15, 1887 – March 6, 1986) was an American modernist artist. She was known for her paintings of enlarged flowers, New York skyscrapers, and New Mexico landscapes. O'Keeffe has been called the "Mother of American modernism". In 1905, O'Keeffe began art training at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and then the Art Students League of New York. In 1908, unable to fund further education, she worked for two years as a commercial illustrator and then taught in Virginia, Texas, and South Carolina between 1911 and 1918. She studied art in the summers between 1912 and 1914 and was introduced to the principles and philosophies of Arthur Wesley Dow, who created works of art based upon personal style, design, and interpretation of subjects, rather than trying to copy or represent them. This caused a major change in the way she felt about and approached art, as seen in the beginning stages of her watercolors from her studies at the University of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred Stieglitz
Alfred Stieglitz (January 1, 1864 – July 13, 1946) was an American photographer and modern art promoter who was instrumental over his 50-year career in making photography an accepted art form. In addition to his photography, Stieglitz was known for the New York art galleries that he ran in the early part of the 20th century, where he introduced many avant-garde European artists to the U.S. He was married to painter Georgia O'Keeffe. Early life and education Stieglitz was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, the first son of German Jewish immigrants Edward Stieglitz (1833–1909) and Hedwig Ann Werner (1845–1922). His father was a lieutenant in the Union Army and worked as a wool merchant. He had five siblings, Flora (1865–1890), twins Julius (1867–1937) and Leopold (1867–1956), Agnes (1869–1952) and Selma (1871–1957). Alfred Stieglitz, seeing the close relationship of the twins, wished he had a soul mate of his own during his childhood. Stieglitz attended Charlier I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olga Khoklova
Olga Picasso (born Olga Stepanovna Khokhlova; russian: Ольга Степановна Хохлова; 17 June 1891 – 11 February 1955) was a ballet dancer in the Russian ballet. She was also the first wife of Pablo Picasso, one of his early artistic muses and the mother of his son, Paulo. Early life Khokhlova was born in the town of Nizhyn, Chernigov Governorate, Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine) on 17 June 1891. Her father Stepan Khokhlov was a Colonel in the Russian Imperial Army. Her mother Lydia Zinchenko was of Ukrainian descent. The Khokhlov family had three sons and two daughters. Olga decided to be a ballerina after being encouraged by a friend's sister who had joined the Diaghilev ballet. She studied in Saint Petersburg at a private ballet school and successfully auditioned to join the Ballets Russes of Sergei Diaghilev. As a member of the ballet company, she travelled around Europe and America. Relationship with Picasso In 1917, Pablo Picasso became inv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pablo Picasso
Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and Scenic design, theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of Assemblage (art), constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the Proto-Cubism, proto-Cubist ''Les Demoiselles d'Avignon'' (1907), and the anti-war painting ''Guernica (Picasso), Guernica'' (1937), Guernica (Picasso)#Composition, a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War. Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a naturalistic manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimente ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
