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1719 Establishment
The 1719 Establishment was a set of mandatory requirements governing the construction of all Royal Navy warships capable of carrying more than 20 naval long guns. It was designed to bring economies of scale through uniform vessel design, and ensure a degree of certainty about vessel capability once at sea, and was applied to all vessels from the first-rate to the fifth-rate. Once in effect, it superseded the 1706 Establishment, which had specified major dimensions for ships of the second-rate, third-rate and fourth-rate only.Lavery 2003, p. 75 The new Establishment in 1719 was not simply limited to specifying the overall dimensions of each type of warship, but now set out in great detail other factors used in constructing the ship, down to the thickness of timbers ("scantlings") used in construction and planking. The Establishment adopted in 1719 was subject to substantial revisions in both 1733 and 1741, although on neither occasion was the 1719 Establishment replaced. A new Es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1706 Establishment
The 1706 Establishment was the first formal set of dimensions for ships of the Royal Navy. Two previous sets of dimensions had existed before, though these were only for specific shipbuilding programs running for only a given amount of time. In contrast, the 1706 Establishment was intended to be permanent. Origins Dimensions for ships had been established for the "Thirty Ships" building program of 1677, and while these dimensions saw use until 1695, this was merely because of the success of the 1677 ships and the lack of perceived need to change them. Dimensions were then laid down for the 1691 "Twenty-seven Ships" program to build seventeen eighty-gun and ten sixty-gun double-decked ships of the line, though the dimensions were abandoned before the program was complete, with the final four eighty-gun ships being constructed with three gun-decks. The origins of the formalized 1706 Establishment can be traced to February 1705, when Prince George of Denmark, the Lord High Admira ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of Jenkins' Ear
The War of Jenkins' Ear, or , was a conflict lasting from 1739 to 1748 between Britain and the Spanish Empire. The majority of the fighting took place in New Granada and the Caribbean Sea, with major operations largely ended by 1742. It is considered a related conflict of the 1740 to 1748 War of the Austrian Succession. The name was coined in 1858 by British historian Thomas Carlyle, and refers to Robert Jenkins, captain of the British brig "Rebecca", whose ear was allegedly severed by Spanish coast guards while searching his ship for contraband in April 1731. Response to the incident was tepid until opposition politicians in Parliament, backed by the South Sea Company, used it seven years later to incite support for a war against Spain, hoping to improve British trading opportunities in the Caribbean. They also wanted to retain the lucrative '' Asiento de Negros'' giving British slave traders permission to sell slaves in Spanish America, which is why the Spanish call it the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Vanguard (1678)
HMS ''Vanguard'' was a 90-gun second-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built at Portsmouth Dockyard and launched in 1678. She ran onto Goodwin Sands in 1690, but was fortunate enough to be hauled off by the boatmen of Deal. ''Vanguard'' took part in the Battle of Barfleur as part of Edward Russell's fleet, and then in the following action at La Hougue when French ships were burned in 1692. ''Vanguard'' sank in the Great Storm of 1703, while laid up in ordinary at Chatham Dockyard, but was raised in 1704 for rebuilding.Colledge, Ships of the Royal Navy. She was relaunched from Chatham on 2 August 1710 as a 90-gun second rate built to the 1706 Establishment. In 1739 she was renamed HMS ''Duke'', and rebuilt for a second time at Woolwich as a 90-gun second rate. She was rebuilt according to the 1733 proposals of the 1719 Establishment, and relaunched on 28 April 1739. In 1759, ''Duke'', with a ship's complement of 800 souls under the command of Captain Samuel Graves, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Marlborough (1706)
HMS ''St Michael'' was a 90-gun second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built by John Tippetts of Portsmouth Dockyard and launched in 1669. ''St Michael'' was rebuilt at Blackwall Yard in 1706, at which time she was also renamed HMS ''Marlborough''. On 5 April 1725 ''Marlborough'' was ordered to be taken to pieces and rebuilt at Chatham. She was relaunched on 25 September 1732. On 11 February 1744 during the Battle of Toulon. ''Marlborough'' and ''Namur'' bore the brunt of the Spanish fire, her captain James Cornewall, and 42 crew were killed and 120 wounded out of her crew of 750 men. Command passed to his distant cousin, Frederick Cornewall, the First Lieutenant, who was severely wounded and lost his right arm. Cornewall was buried at sea. ''Marlborough'' was reduced to a 68-gun ship in 1752. She formed part of Sir George Pocock's fleet at the taking of Havana from the Spanish in 1762. Whilst making her way back to Britain Britain most often refers to: * The Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Neptune (1683)
HMS ''Neptune'' was a 90-gun second-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. She was built under the 1677 "Thirty Great Ships" Programme and launched in 1683 at Deptford Dockyard. Naval career She was first commissioned in 1690 under Captain Thomas Gardiner, as the flagship of Vice-Admiral George Rooke. In that capacity she took part in the Battle of Barfleur in May 1692. She underwent her first rebuild at William Johnson's yard at Blackwall Yard, from where she was relaunched on 6 May 1710 as a 90-gun second-rate built to the 1706 Establishment. She was recommissioned on 3 February 1711 under Capt. Francis Wyvell, but paid off into reserve in July of that year and saw no service. On 18 August 1724 ''Neptune'' was ordered to be taken to pieces and rebuilt as a 90-gun second-rate to the 1719 Establishment at Woolwich Dockyard, from where she was relaunched on 15 October 1730. She was cut down to a 74-gun third rate at Chatham Dockyard from 1747 to April 1749, and was rena ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Namur (1697)
HMS ''Namur'' was a 90-gun second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Woolwich Dockyard in 1697. On 11 June 1723 she was ordered to be taken to pieces at Portsmouth and her timbers transferred to Deptford Dockyard. In 1729 the timbers were used to rebuild the ship according to the 1719 Establishment.Baugh 1965, p. 247 She was rebuilt by Richard Stacey at Deptford Dockyard and relaunched on 13 September 1729. In 1745, she was razeed to 74 guns. In February 1744 she took part in the Battle of Toulon. ''Namur'' was wrecked on 14 April 1749 in a storm near Fort St David on the east coast of India. In total, 520 of her crew were drowned, though Captain Marshal survived.Ships of the Old Navy, ''Namur''. Commanders of Note *Edward Falkingham 1731/2 * George Clinton 1732 to 1734 *John Barnsley *Thomas Whitney *Samuel Faulknor *Samuel Cornish *George Berkeley Flagship of *Admiral Charles Wager *Rear Admiral Nicholas Haddock Admiral Nicholas Haddock (1686 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Union (1726)
HMS ''Albemarle'' was a 90-gun second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 29 October 1680 at Harwich. She was rebuilt in 1704 at Chatham Dockyard, remaining a 90-gun second rater. She was also renamed HMS ''Union'' at this time. She underwent a second rebuild at Chatham, from where she was relaunched on 8 February 1726 as a 90-gun second rater built to the 1719 Establishment The 1719 Establishment was a set of mandatory requirements governing the construction of all Royal Navy warships capable of carrying more than 20 naval long guns. It was designed to bring economies of scale through uniform vessel design, and ens .... ''Union'' was broken up in 1749. Notes References *Lavery, Brian (2003) ''The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850''. Conway Maritime Press. . Ships of the line of the Royal Navy 1680s ships Ships built in Harwich {{UK-line-ship-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Prince George (1701)
HMS ''Duke'' was a 90-gun second-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 13 June 1682 at Woolwich Dockyard. She underwent a rebuild in 1701 as another 90-gun second rate, and was renamed HMS ''Prince George'' (after the future George II). After her rebuild, she served in the War of the Spanish Succession, fighting in the Battle of Málaga and the capture of Gibraltar. On 4 November 1719 ''Prince George'' was ordered to be taken to pieces and rebuilt at Deptford by Richard Stacey, and she was relaunched on 4 September 1723 as a 90-gun second-rate built to the 1719 Establishment. In June 1757 ''Prince George'' was taken into Portsmouth Dockyard for repairs. The work took four months to complete at a total cost of £9,513, after which the ship was recommissioned as the flagship of Rear Admiral Broderick. On 13 April 1758, ''Prince George'' was at sea in the Bay of Biscay The Bay of Biscay (), known in Spain as the Gulf of Biscay ( es, Golfo de Vizcaya, eu, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Victory (1695)
HMS ''Royal James'' was a 100-gun first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, designed by Sir Anthony Deane and built by his successor as Master Shipwright at Portsmouth Dockyard, Daniel Furzer, and launched in 1675. She was renamed HMS ''Victory'' on 7 March 1691 after the old second rate ''Victory'' of 1666 was condemned by survey and taken to pieces. Recommissioned in January 1691 under Captain Edward Stanley, as the flagship of Admiral Sir John Ashby she participated in the Battle of Barfleur on 19 May 1692 – 24 May 1692. ''Victory'' was rebuilt at Chatham Dockyard Chatham Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the River Medway in Kent. Established in Chatham in the mid-16th century, the dockyard subsequently expanded into neighbouring Gillingham (at its most extensive, in the early 20th century, ... in 1694–1695. She was briefly renamed ''Royal George'' in 1714, after the Hanoverians came to the throne, but resumed the name ''Victory'' in 1715. She ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Victory (1737)
HMS ''Victory'' was a 100-gun first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built to the dimensions of the 1733 proposals of the 1719 Establishment at Portsmouth Dockyard, and launched on 23 February 1737.Lavery, Ships of the Line vol.1, p170. Construction A small number of the timbers used in the construction of ''Victory'' were taken from the remains of the previous , which caught fire and was burnt to the waterline in February 1721 whilst having weed burned from her bottom (in a process called " breaming"). Originally drawn by Jacob Ackworth the plans were sent to Master Shipwright John Naish in 1721, but these were then put on hold. Officially a rebuild of the previous vessel, the new ''Victory'' was then built by master shipwright Joseph Allin and cost £38,239 to assemble, plus £12,652 fitting it as a flagship. Launched in 1737, she became the flagship of the Channel Fleet under Sir John Norris following completion in 1740. She was the last British first rate to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Builder's Old Measurement
Builder's Old Measurement (BOM, bm, OM, and o.m.) is the method used in England from approximately 1650 to 1849 for calculating the cargo capacity of a ship. It is a volumetric measurement of cubic capacity. It estimated the tonnage of a ship based on length and maximum beam (nautical), beam. It is expressed in "tons burden" ( en-em , burthen , enm , byrthen ), and abbreviated "tons bm". The formula is: : \text = \frac where: * ''Length'' is the length, in foot (length), feet, from the stem (ship), stem to the sternpost; * ''Beam (nautical), Beam'' is the maximum beam, in feet. The Builder's Old Measurement formula remained in effect until the advent of steam propulsion. Steamships required a different method of estimating tonnage, because the ratio of length to beam was larger and a significant volume of internal space was used for boilers and machinery. In 1849, the Moorsom System was created in the United Kingdom. The Moorsom system calculates the cargo-carrying capaci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ship Of The Line
A ship of the line was a type of naval warship constructed during the Age of Sail from the 17th century to the mid-19th century. The ship of the line was designed for the naval tactic known as the line of battle, which depended on the two columns of opposing warships maneuvering to volley fire with the cannons along their broadsides. In conflicts where opposing ships were both able to fire from their broadsides, the opponent with more cannons firingand therefore more firepowertypically had an advantage. Since these engagements were almost invariably won by the heaviest ships carrying more of the most powerful guns, the natural progression was to build sailing vessels that were the largest and most powerful of their time. From the end of the 1840s, the introduction of steam power brought less dependence on the wind in battle and led to the construction of screw-driven wooden-hulled ships of the line; a number of purely sail-powered ships were converted to this propulsion mech ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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