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Ỷ Lan
Ỷ Lan ( Hán tự: 倚 蘭, literally ''leaning on the orchid'', ?–1117) or Empress Mother Linh Nhân ( Vietnamese: ''Linh Nhân thái hậu'', Hán tự: 靈 仁 太 后) was a Vietnamese regent, the imperial concubine of Lý Thánh Tông, the third emperor and the natural mother of Lý Nhân Tông, the fourth emperor of the Lý Dynasty. She served as regent during the absence of her spouse in 1066-68, and as co-regent during the reign of her son in 1073-1117. Being of commoner origin, Ỷ Lan was favoured by Lý Thánh Tông because she not only gave birth to his first child but also successfully acted the regency for him during the emperor's military campaign in the kingdom of Champa. After the death of Lý Thánh Tông, Ỷ Lan one more time took the position of regent by having the Empress Mother Thượng Dương and her servants killed after an order of Ỷ Lan's son Lý Nhân Tông. For her achievements, Ỷ Lan was considered one of the most important figures d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lý Thánh Tông
Lý Thánh Tông (30 March 1023 – 1 February 1072), personal name Lý Nhật Tôn , temple name Thánh Tông, was the third emperor of the Lý dynasty and the 8th ruler of the Vietnamese kingdom Đại Việt. In his reign, Lý Thánh Tông promoted the agricultural development, reducing some harsh laws and building many Confucianist and Buddhist institutions, most notably the first Temple of Literature in Vietnam (1072). He also fought several successful wars with Champa, resulting in the expansion of Vietnamese territory to the areas which are Quảng Bình Province and Quảng Trị Province today. Chinese sources identify Lý Nhật Tôn as the Viet king that dared to claim imperial status, which for the Chinese was a direct challenge to their view of the world that prelude to the Song-Viet war in 1070s. Early life Lý Nhật Tôn was the eldest son of the second emperor Lý Phật Mã and Queen Mai Thị. He was born on March 30, 1023, at Càn Đức palace. Unlike ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lý Càn Đức
LY or ly may refer to: Government and politics * Libya (ISO 3166-1 country code LY) * Lý dynasty, a Vietnamese dynasty * Labour Youth of Ireland * Legislative Yuan, the unicameral legislature of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Science and technology * .ly, the Top-level domain for Libya * .ly, the default filetype extension of the GNU LilyPond sheet music format * Light-year, the ''distance'' that light travels in one year in a vacuum * Langley (unit), a unit of energy distribution over a given area Other uses * Lý (Vietnamese surname), a Vietnamese surname * Ly the Fairy, a character from ''Rayman 2: The Great Escape'' * ''-ly'', an adjectival and adverbial suffix in English * Hungarian ly, or ''elipszilon'', a digraph in the Hungarian alphabet * El Al (IATA airline designator LY) See also * * light year (other) * YL (other) {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thông Biện
Thông Biện (通辯) born Trí Không (d.1134) was a Vietnamese Buddhist historian and zen master whose recorded statements are the earliest written source for the history of Buddhism in Vietnam. He was a student of Viên Chiếu (圓照). He is mentioned in Lives of Eminent Zen Monks ( vi) (禪苑集英, 1337): The four monks mentioned are Mo Luo Qi Yu (Ma Ha Kỳ Vực) Kang Senghui (Khương Tăng Hội), Zhi Jiang Liang (Chi Cương Lương), and Mou Bo (Mâu Bác, i.e. :vi:Mâu Tử) author of the Mouzi Lihuolun (Lý Hoặc Luận). The Queen Mother Ỷ Lan consulted the monk Thông Biện regarding the history of Buddhism in Vietnam in 1096 prior to her commencement of the plan to build 100 pagodas.David G. Marr, Anthony Crothers Milner ''Southeast Asia in the Ninth to Fourteenth Centuries'' 1986 Page 148 " Thông Biện's biography reveals that in 1096 he was consulted by the Queen Mother ( Ỷ Lan) for an explanation of the history of Buddhism in Vietnam; his answers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lê Văn Thịnh
Lê Văn Thịnh (, 1038 – 1096), courtesy name Mậu Phu (茂夫), was an official in the royal court of the Lý dynasty. Ranking first in the first imperial examination of the Lý dynasty, Lê Văn Thịnh was appointed tutor for Lý Nhân Tông and was gradually promoted to the position of chancellor of the Lý dynasty due to his achievements, especially in the negotiation with the Song dynasty about the return of occupied land by the Song army to Annam in 1086. Lê Văn Thịnh was charged with high treason in 1096 and was banished to the mountainous area. Today the fact about the 1096 event is still a matter of debate. Biography Lê Văn Thịnh he was born in 1038 at the Đông Cứu village, Gia Định district. In the second month of 1075, the emperor Lý Nhân Tông ordered the organization of the first imperial examination of the Lý dynasty, which was also the first contest based on Confucianist education in the history of Vietnam. Lê Văn Thịnh who ranked f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or a way of life, Confucianism developed from what was later called the Hundred Schools of Thought from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (551–479 BCE). Confucius considered himself a transmitter of cultural values inherited from the Xia (c. 2070–1600 BCE), Shang (c. 1600–1046 BCE) and Western Zhou dynasties (c. 1046–771 BCE). Confucianism was suppressed during the Legalist and autocratic Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE), but survived. During the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), Confucian approaches edged out the "proto-Taoist" Huang–Lao as the official ideology, while the emperors mixed both with the realist techniques of Legalism. A Confucian revival began during the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE). In the late Tang, C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Examination
The imperial examination (; lit. "subject recommendation") refers to a civil-service examination system in Imperial China, administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy. The concept of choosing bureaucrats by merit rather than by birth started early in Chinese history, but using written examinations as a tool of selection started in earnest during the Sui dynasty (581–618) then into the Tang dynasty of 618–907. The system became dominant during the Song dynasty (960–1279) and lasted for almost a millennium until its abolition in the late Qing dynasty reforms in 1905. Aspects of the imperial examination still exist for entry into the civil service of contemporary China, in both the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC). The exams served to ensure a common knowledge of writing, Chinese classics, and literary style among state officials. This common culture helped to unify the empire, and the ideal of achievement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lý Thường Kiệt
Lý Thường Kiệt (; 1019–1105), real name Ngô Tuấn (), was a Vietnamese general and admiral of the Lý dynasty. He served as an official through the reign of Lý Thái Tông, Lý Thánh Tông and Lý Nhân Tông and was a general during the Song–Lý War. In Vietnamese history, he helped invade Champa (1069), raid the three Song dynasty provinces of Kham, Ung, Liem (1075-1076), and defeat the Song invasion of Vietnam led by Gou Kui and Zhao Xie. Background Born Ngo Tuan Lý Thường Kiệt was born in Thăng Long (now Hanoi), the capital of Đại Việt (ancient Vietnam). His real name was Ngô Tuấn. His father was a low-ranking military officer. He was originally from Thái Hòa ward (太和坊) of Thăng Long citadel. According to Hoàng Xuân Hãn, Thái Hòa was also the name of a small mountain in the west of Thăng Long citadel, south of the Bách Thảo dike, near the place turn down to the horse racing. Lý Thường Kiệt surname was not originally L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lý Đạo Thành
Lý Đạo Thành (, ? – 1081), courtesy name Bá Định (伯定), was a member of the royal family and the chancellor in the royal court of Lý dynasty. Highly appreciated for his ability and righteousness, Lý Đạo Thành had a major role in the stability and prosperity of Annam during the early years of Lý Nhân Tông's reign when Lý Đạo Thành also acted as a regent for the young emperor. Today Lý Đạo Thành is still considered one of the great officials of the Lý dynasty and in the history of Vietnam. Biography There was only a brief account about Lý Đạo Thành in the ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư,'' but according to some folk stories, Lý Đạo Thành was born in 1053 to a noble family in Thái Cực, Thọ Xương. It was said that Lý Đạo Thành was a member of the Lý royal family and already held the position of chancellor (Vietnamese: ''thái sư'') when the emperor Lý Thánh Tông died in 1072. Together with the Empress Mother Thượn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guan Yin
Guanyin () is a Bodhisattva associated with compassion. She is the East Asian representation of Avalokiteśvara ( sa, अवलोकितेश्वर) and has been adopted by other Eastern religions, including Chinese folk religion. She was first given the appellation of "Goddess of Mercy" or "Mercy Goddess" by Jesuit missionaries in China. Guanyin is short for Guanshiyin, which means " he One WhoPerceives the Sounds of the World." On the 19th day of the sixth lunar month, Guanyin's attainment of Buddhahood is celebrated. Some Buddhists believe that when one of their adherents departs from this world, they are placed by Guanyin in the heart of a lotus, and then sent to the western pure land of Sukhāvatī. Guanyin is often referred to as the "most widely beloved Buddhist Divinity" with miraculous powers to assist all those who pray to her, as is mentioned in the ''Pumen chapter'' of ''Lotus Sutra'' and ''Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra''. Several large temples in East Asia a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudravarman IV
Rudravarman IV (?–1147) was a king of Champa during the mid-12th century, at mid of the Khmer–Cham wars, Angkor invasions of Champa. Rudravarman however has never reigned. In 1129, king Suryavarman II of the Khmer Empire forced the king of Champa Jaya Indravarman III to join him in campaigns against Dai Viet. The campaign's outcome was of little success with attrition. In 1145 when Indravarman III had made peace with Dai Viet and declined to cooperate with the Khmer, Suryavarman invaded Champa instead. Khmer forces ransacked the capital of Vijaya (Champa), Vijaya, deposing Indravarman III. The kingdom had been plagued in turmoil caused by foreign conquest and social upheavals. As a refugee who had been fleeing Vijaya southward to Panduranga (Champa), Panduranga (Phan Rang), Rudravarman had never enjoyed being king, even his own enthronement. His son, prince Jaya Harivarman I, Sivänandana, "who had been sent to exile and hardship in foreign countries during the time of two prev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư
The ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'' ( vi-hantu, 大越史記全書; ; ''Complete Annals of Đại Việt'') is the official national chronicle of the Vietnamese state, that was originally compiled by the royal historian Ngô Sĩ Liên under the order of the Emperor Lê Thánh Tông and was finished in 1479 during the Lê period. The 15-volume book covered the period from Hồng Bàng Dynasty to the coronation of Lê Thái Tổ, the first emperor of the Lê Dynasty in 1428. In compiling his work, Ngô Sĩ Liên based on two principal historical sources which were ''Đại Việt sử ký'' by Lê Văn Hưu and ''Đại Việt sử ký tục biên'' by Phan Phu Tiên. After its publication, ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'' was continually supplemented by other historians of the royal court such as Vũ Quỳnh, Phạm Công Trứ and Lê Hi. Today the most popular version of ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'' is the ''Nội các quan bản'' edition which was completed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngô Sĩ Liên
Ngô Sĩ Liên (吳士連) was a Vietnamese historian of the Lê dynasty. He was the principal compiler of the ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'', a comprehensive chronicle of the history of Vietnam and the oldest official historical record of a Vietnamese dynasty that remains today. In ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'', Ngô Sĩ Liên is appreciated not only for the precision of his records but also for the innovative method of compilation, he was the first Vietnamese writer who extracted information for historical book from collections of myths and legends such as ''Lĩnh Nam chích quái'' or ''Việt điện u linh tập''. Until now, Ngô Sĩ Liên is always considered one of the most important figures of the historiography of Vietnam. History The exact dates of Ngô Sĩ Liên's birth and date are unknown but it was said that he was born in the Đan Sĩ village, Hà Đông, Hanoi. In his youth, Ngô Sĩ Liên participated in the Lam Sơn uprising of Lê Lợi that led ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
