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Župan
Župan is a noble and administrative title used in several states in Central and Southeastern Europe between the 7th century and the 21st century. It was (and in Croatia still is) the leader of the administrative unit župa (or zhupa, županija). The term in turn was adopted by the Hungarians as ''ispán'' and spread further. Origin of the title The exact origin of the title is not definitively known and there have been several hypotheses: Slavic (Franz Miklosich), Turkic-Avarian (A. Bruckner), Iranian (F. Altheim), Proto Indo-European (V. Machek), Indo-European (D. Dragojević), Illyrian-Thracian (K. Oštir), Old-Balkan (M. Budimir), among others. The title was preserved primarily among the Slavic peoples and their neighbours who were under their influence. Its presence among Pannonian Avars and Avar language is completely undetermined. The title origin is not necessarily related to the origin of the titleholder. In 2009, A. Alemany considered that the title ''*ču(b)-pān'', of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
županija
''Županija'' (singular; plural ''županije'') or ''Župnija'' (singular; plural ''župnije'') is a South Slavic administrative subdivision. For the etymology, see Župa. The term Županija is used in: * Croatia: counties of Croatia *Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina are frequently referred to as ''županije'' by the Bosnian Croat population. The term Župnija is used in Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an .... {{DEFAULTSORT:Zupanija Types of administrative division Subdivisions of Croatia Subdivisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina pl:Županija ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
župa
A župa (or zhupa, županija) is a historical type of administrative division in Southeast Europe and Central Europe, that originated in medieval South Slavic culture, commonly translated as "parish", later synonymous "kotar", commonly translated as "county". It was mentioned for the first time in the 8th century. It was initially used by the South and West Slavs, denoting various territorial units of which the leader was the župan. In modern Bosnian, Croatian and Slovenian, the term ''župa'' also means an ecclesiastical parish, while term ''županija'' is used in Bosnia and Croatia (in Bosnia also ''kanton'' as synonymous) for lower state organizational units. Etymology The word ''župa'' or ' ( Slovakian, Czech, Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian: жупа; adopted into hu, ispán and rendered in Greek as ''ζουπανία'' (, "land ruled by a župan")), is derived from Slavic. Its medieval Latin equivalent was '. It is mostly translated into "county" or "district". According t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nushibi
Nushibi (Nu-shibi, ; Middle Chinese: *''nuoXɕiɪt̚piɪt̚'') was a Chinese collective name for five tribes of the right (western) wingYu. Zuev, ''"The Strongest tribe - Izgil"''//Historical And Cultural Relations Between Iran And Dasht-i Kipchak in the 13th through 18th Centuries, Materials of International Round Table, Almaty, 2004, p. 53, in the Western Turkic Khaganate, and members of "ten arrows" confederation found in the Chinese literature (十箭 ''shíjiàn''; otk, 𐰆𐰣:𐰸, On Oq). The references to Nushibi appeared in Chinese sources in 651 and disappeared after 766. The Nushibi tribes occupied the lands of the Western Turkic Kaganate west of the Ili River of contemporary Kazakhstan. Name's Etymology Yury Zuev reconstructs ''Nushibis Middle Chinese pronunciation as ''nou siet-piet'',Yu. Zuev, ''"The Strongest tribe - Esgil", p. 53, which, he asserts, transcribes Turkic ''oŋ šadapït'' "right wing". ''Šadapït'' either means "entourage of the Shad" ( Clauso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buyla Inscription
The Buyla inscription is a 9-word, 56-character inscription written in the Greek alphabet but in a non-Greek language. It is found on a golden buckled bowl or cup which is among the pieces of the Treasure of Nagyszentmiklós which are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. The bowl is 12 cm in diameter and weighs 212 g, and has a handle or buckle, perhaps for hanging on a belt. The inscription is found around the outside of a circular design in the middle of the bowl. In the place where the inscription begins and ends, there is a cross. The inscription reads: . Prevailing opinion is that the language of the text is a Turkic language, and several translations have been proposed, but it has not been deciphered and the exact classification of the language has been a subject of debate. Vilhelm Thomsen translated the inscription: "Boila zoapan finished this bowl his drinking cup which Boutaoul zoapan made suitable for hanging up."according to Gyula László and István R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duolu
Duolu (Wade–Giles: To-lu; c. 603-651 as a minimum) was a tribal confederation in the Western Turkic Khaganate (c. 581-659). The Turgesh Khaganate (699-766) may have been founded by Duolu remnants. There existed several Chinese transcriptions 咄陸 (Middle Chinese *''tuɑt̚-lɨuk̚'' > Mandarin ''Duōlù''), 咄六 (MC. *''tuɑt̚-lɨuk̚'' > Mand. ''Duōliù''), 都陸 (MC. *''tuo-lɨuk̚'' > Mand. ''Dōulù''), 都六 (MC. ''tuo-lɨuk̚'' > Mand. ''Duōliù''). The Old Turkic name behind those has been reconstructed, variously and with uncertainty, as *''Tör-ok'', *''Turuk'', *''Tuğluq'', ''Tölük'', ''Türük'', and most recently ''Tuğluğ'' (𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰍) "have flags, have standards".Kenzheahmet. p. 302-304 There is confusion, or possibly connection, with the earlier Onogurs which also means 'ten tribes'. Additionally, Duolu's relation to the Dulo clan of the Bulgars is possible, but not proven. Initially, Western Turks might have organized themselves into e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
