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Buyla Inscription
The Buyla inscription is a 9-word, 56-character inscription written in the Greek alphabet but in a non-Greek language. It is found on a golden buckled bowl or cup which is among the pieces of the Treasure of Nagyszentmiklﾃｳs which are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. The bowl is 12 cm in diameter and weighs 212 g, and has a handle or buckle, perhaps for hanging on a belt. The inscription is found around the outside of a circular design in the middle of the bowl. In the place where the inscription begins and ends, there is a cross. The inscription reads: . Prevailing opinion is that the language of the text is a Turkic language, and several translations have been proposed, but it has not been deciphered and the exact classification of the language has been a subject of debate. Vilhelm Thomsen translated the inscription: "Boila zoapan finished this bowl his drinking cup which Boutaoul zoapan made suitable for hanging up."according to Gyula Lﾃ｡szlﾃｳ and Istvﾃ｡n Rﾃ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Lazﾄビ Tonciulescu
Paul may refer to: *Paul (given name), a given name (includes a list of people with that name) *Paul (surname), a list of people People Christianity * Paul the Apostle (AD c.5窶田.64/65), also known as Saul of Tarsus or Saint Paul, early Christian missionary and writer *Pope Paul (other), multiple Popes of the Roman Catholic Church *Saint Paul (other), multiple other people and locations named "Saint Paul" Roman and Byzantine empire *Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus (c. 229 BC 窶 160 BC), Roman general *Julius Paulus Prudentissimus (), Roman jurist *Paulus Catena (died 362), Roman notary *Paulus Alexandrinus (4th century), Hellenistic astrologer *Paul of Aegina or Paulus Aegineta (625窶690), Greek surgeon Royals * Paul I of Russia (1754窶1801), Tsar of Russia *Paul of Greece (1901窶1964), King of Greece Other people * Paul the Deacon or Paulus Diaconus (c. 720 窶 c. 799), Italian Benedictine monk *Paul (father of Maurice), the father of Maurice, By ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarorszﾃ｡g ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest, and Austria to the west. Hungary has a population of nearly 9 million, mostly ethnic Hungarians and a significant Romani minority. Hungarian, the official language, is the world's most widely spoken Uralic language and among the few non-Indo-European languages widely spoken in Europe. Budapest is the country's capital and largest city; other major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pﾃｩcs, and Gyﾅ喪. The territory of present-day Hungary has for centuries been a crossroads for various peoples, including Celts, Romans, Germanic tribes, Huns, West Slavs and the Avars. The foundation of the Hungarian state was established in the late 9th century AD with the conquest of the Carpathian Basin by Hungar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bﾃｩkﾃｩs County
Bﾃｩkﾃｩs (, , ro, Judeﾈ孛l Bichiﾈ) is an administrative division (county or ''megye'') in south-eastern Hungary, on the border with Romania. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Csongrﾃ｡d, Jﾃ｡sz-Nagykun-Szolnok, and Hajdﾃｺ-Bihar. The capital of Bﾃｩkﾃｩs county is Bﾃｩkﾃｩscsaba. The county is also part of the Danube-Kris-Mures-Tisa euroregion. Etymology In Slovak, it is known as ''Bﾃｩkeﾅ｡skﾃ｡ ﾅｾupa'' and in Romanian as ''Judeﾈ孛l Bichiﾈ''. After Hungarians conquered the area, Bﾃｩkﾃｩs and its surroundings were the property of the '' Csolt'' clan. Bﾃｩkﾃｩs (the name means "peaceful") was originally the name of the castle which gave its name to the comitatus, and, like many castles, was possibly named after its first steward. Geography This county has a total area of 窶 6.05% of Hungary. Bﾃｩkﾃｩs County lies on the Pannonian Plain (Great Plain) and is a flat area with good soil. The average rainfall is 645 mm per year. One-fifth of the natural gas resources of H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szarvas
Szarvas (; sk, Sarvaﾅ｡; german: Sarwasch) is a town in Bﾃｩkﾃｩs County, Hungary. Name Placename Szarvas originated from the old Hungarian word ''szarvas'', which means deer. Deer also can be found in the coat of arms of the town. Location Szarvas is located in the Great Hungarian Plain upon the Kﾃｶrﾃｶs River, southeast from Budapest. Highways 44 and 443, and the Mezﾅ奏ﾃｺr-Oroshﾃ｡za-Mezﾅ蘇egyes railway line also cross the town. The geographic centre of Hungary was near Szarvas before the Treaty of Trianon; a memorial in a windmill shape now marks that location in a park on a bank of the Kﾃｶrﾃｶs River across from the Arboretum. History According to the Hungarian Royal Treasury ( hu, Magyar Kirﾃ｡lyi Kincstﾃ｡r) it was an ethnic Hungarian town in 1495.Kﾃ｡roly Kocsis (DSc, University of Miskolc) 窶 Zsolt Bottlik (PhD, Budapest University) 窶 Patrik Tﾃ｡trai: Etnikai tﾃｩrfolyamatok a Kﾃ｡rpﾃ｡t-medence hatﾃ｡ron tﾃｺli rﾃｩgiﾃｳiban, Magyar Tudomﾃ｡nyos Akadﾃｩmia (Hungarian Acad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cemetery
A cemetery, burial ground, gravesite or graveyard is a place where the remains of dead people are buried or otherwise interred. The word ''cemetery'' (from Greek , "sleeping place") implies that the land is specifically designated as a burial ground and originally applied to the Roman catacombs. The term ''graveyard'' is often used interchangeably with cemetery, but a graveyard primarily refers to a burial ground within a churchyard. The intact or cremated remains of people may be interred in a grave, commonly referred to as burial, or in a tomb, an "above-ground grave" (resembling a sarcophagus), a mausoleum, columbarium, niche, or other edifice. In Western cultures, funeral ceremonies are often observed in cemeteries. These ceremonies or rites of passage differ according to cultural practices and religious beliefs. Modern cemeteries often include crematoria, and some grounds previously used for both, continue as crematoria as a principal use long after the interment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Needlecase
A needlecase or needle case is a small, often decorative, holder for sewing needles. Early needlecases were usually small tubular containers of bone, wood, or bronze with tight-fitting stoppers, often designed to hang from a belt. Needlecases are sometimes called by the French name ''ﾃｩtui'' and are typically one of the tools attached to a chatelaine. A pin poppet is a similar container for pins, common in the 18th century. History Early sewing needles were precious items and easily lost. Needlecases were a necessity for storing these fragile objects, and are found in cultures around the world. Tubular bronze needlecases are common finds from Viking-age sites in Europe. Cane needlecases were found in a grave from Cerro Azul, Peru, dated to 1000窶1470 AD. Bone, leather and metal needlecases have been found from Medieval London, and bone or ivory needlecases were made by Inuit. Bone and ivory needlecases and pin poppets were also popular in 18th century America. Elaborate needlew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sewing Needle
A sewing needle, used for hand-sewing, is a long slender tool with a pointed tip at one end and a hole (or ''eye'') to hold the sewing thread. The earliest needles were made of bone or wood; modern needles are manufactured from high carbon steel wire and are nickel- or 18K gold-plated for corrosion resistance. High quality embroidery needles are plated with two-thirds platinum and one-third titanium alloy. Traditionally, needles have been kept in needle books or needlecases which have become objects of adornment. Sewing needles may also be kept in an ﾃｩtui, a small box that held needles and other items such as scissors, pencils and tweezers. Types of hand sewing needles Hand sewing needles come in a variety of types/classes designed according to their intended use and in a variety of sizes within each type. * Sharp needles: used for general hand sewing; built with a sharp point, a round eye, and are of medium length. Those with a double-eyes are able to carry two strands of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szarvas Inscription
The Szarvas inscription refers to the inscription on a bone needle case found near Szarvas in southeastern Hungary and dating from the second half of the 8th century, the " Late Avar" period (700-791). The needle case and its inscription The name of the script of the Szarvas inscription The Hungarian archeologist, historian and linguist Gﾃ｡bor Vﾃｩkony named the script used on the needle case as ''"Kﾃ｡rpﾃ｡t-medencei rovﾃ｡sﾃｭrﾃ｡s"'' ("Carpathian Basin Rovas script"). He often used this term in his book, ''A szﾃｩkely ﾃｭrﾃ｡s emlﾃｩkei, kapcsolatai, tﾃｶrtﾃｩnete'', e.g. in the chapter ''"A kﾃ｡rpﾃ｡t-medencei rovﾃ｡sﾃ｡bﾃｩcﾃｩ korabeli feljegyzﾃｩse"'' ("The contemporary record of the Carpathian Basin Rovas alphabet"). Vﾃｩkony analysed the similarities and the differences between the Old Hungarian and the Carpathian Basin scripts on page 154 of his book. On page 232, Vﾃｩkony wrote: ''"- Aethicus Ister jelei azonosak az egykori Kﾃ｡rpﾃ｡t-medencei rovﾃ｡sﾃｭrﾃ｡s jeleivel."'' ("The symbols of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkic Runes
The Old Turkic script (also known as variously Gﾃｶktﾃｼrk script, Orkhon script, Orkhon-Yenisey script, Turkic runes) was the alphabet used by the Gﾃｶktﾃｼrks and other early Turkic khanates from the 8th to 10th centuries to record the Old Turkic language.Scharlipp, Wolfgang (2000). ''An Introduction to the Old Turkish Runic Inscriptions''. Verlag auf dem Ruffel, Engelschoff. . The script is named after the Orkhon Valley in Mongolia where early 8th-century inscriptions were discovered in an 1889 expedition by Nikolai Yadrintsev. These Orkhon inscriptions were published by Vasily Radlov and deciphered by the Danish philologist Vilhelm Thomsen in 1893. This writing system was later used within the Uyghur Khaganate. Additionally, a Yenisei variant is known from 9th-century Yenisei Kirghiz inscriptions, and it has likely cousins in the Talas Valley of Turkestan and the Old Hungarian alphabet of the 10th century. Words were usually written from right to left. Origins Many scien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lord
Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or are entitled to courtesy titles. The collective "Lords" can refer to a group or body of peers. Etymology According to the Oxford Dictionary of English, the etymology of the word can be traced back to the Old English word ''hlﾄ’ord'' which originated from ''hlﾄ’weard'' meaning "loaf-ward" or "bread-keeper", reflecting the Germanic tribal custom of a chieftain providing food for his followers. The appellation "lord" is primarily applied to men, while for women the appellation " lady" is used. This is no longer universal: the Lord of Mann, a title previously held by the Queen of the United Kingdom, and female Lords Mayor are examples of women who are styled as "Lord". Historical usage Feudalism Under the feudal system, "lord" had a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgars
The Bulgars (also Bulghars, Bulgari, Bolgars, Bolghars, Bolgari, Proto-Bulgarians) were Turkic semi-nomadic warrior tribes that flourished in the Pontic窶鼎aspian steppe and the Volga region during the 7th century. They became known as nomadic equestrians in the Volga-Ural region, but some researchers say that their ethnic roots can be traced to Central Asia. During their westward migration across the Eurasian steppe, the Bulgar tribes absorbed other tribal groups and cultural influences in a process of ethnogenesis, including Iranian, Finnic and Hunnic tribes. Modern genetic research on Central Asian Turkic people and ethnic groups related to the Bulgars points to an affiliation with Western Eurasian populations. The Bulgars spoke a Turkic language, i.e. Bulgar language of Oghuric branch. They preserved the military titles, organization and customs of Eurasian steppes, as well as pagan shamanism and belief in the sky deity Tangra. The Bulgars became semi-sedentary durin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
