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Śmiały (armoured Train)
The armoured train Śmiały (Polish for ''Bold''), sometimes PP 53 and officially Armoured Train number 53 was an armoured train of the Polish Army that saw significant action during the German Invasion of Poland in September 1939. The train in the end served under four flags—Austrian, Polish, Soviet, German—and fought in several wars from 1914 to 1945. Śmiały distinguished itself in the Battle of Mokra, after which it withdrew eastwards, taking part in the Battle of Brześć Litewski. After the Soviet invasion of Poland on September 17, the train left the western front via Kowel to Lwów, where it fought in the Battle of Lwów. On September 22, 1939, abandoned by its crew, it was seized by the Red Army. History World War I and Interwar period In the wake of the end of World War I in November 1918 near Kraków, Poles captured an Austrian armoured train. It was renamed Śmiały and immediately entered service. Soon afterwards it was sent to Lwów to fight against the Ukrainia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armoured Train
An armoured train (Commonwealth English) or armored train (American English) is a railway train protected with heavy metal plating and which often includes railway wagons armed with artillery, machine guns, and autocannons. Some have also had ports used to fire small arms from the inside of the train, especially in earlier armoured trains. For the most part, they were used during the late 19th and the early 20th centuries, when they offered an innovative way to quickly move large amounts of firepower into a new location. Most countries have discontinued their use since road vehicles became much more powerful and offered more flexibility, train tracks proved too vulnerable to sabotage and attacks from the air, and air transportation was an even more flexible way to relocate firepower to a new location. However, there have been occasional uses in the late 20th century and early 21st century. Russia has used improvised armoured trains during the Second Chechen War (1999–2009 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraków
, officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 (2023), with approximately 8 million additional people living within a radius. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596, and has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities, its Kraków Old Town, Old Town was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, one of the world's first sites granted the status. The city began as a Hamlet (place), hamlet on Wawel Hill and was a busy trading centre of Central Europe in 985. In 1038, it became the seat of King of Poland, Polish monarchs from the Piast dynasty, and subsequently served as the centre of administration under Jagiellonian dynasty, Jagiellonian kings and of the Polish–Lithuan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)
The 4th Panzer Division () was an Armored warfare, armored division (military unit), division in the German Army (1935–1945), Army of Nazi Germany. In World War II, it participated in the Polish September Campaign, 1939 invasion of Poland, the Battle of France, 1940 invasion of France, and the Operation Barbarossa, 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union. It remained on the Eastern Front (WWII), Eastern Front, mainly under Army Group Centre, Army Group Center, until it was trapped on the coast at Courland in the summer of 1944. It was evacuated by sea and returned to the main front in West Prussia in January 1945. There it surrendered to the Red Army at the end of the war. History Formation The 4th Panzer Division was formed in Würzburg, Bavaria, on 10 November 1938 as the first of a second wave of new armored divisions in Germany following the creation of the original three tank divisions in 1935. Alongside the 4th Panzer Division the 5th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht), 5th was fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
21st Vistula Uhlan Regiment
21st Vistula Uhlan Regiment (Polish: 21 Pułk Ułanów Nadwiślańskich, 21 puł) was a cavalry unit of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic. Formed in 1920, it fought both in the Polish–Soviet War and the Invasion of Poland. The regiment was garrisoned in the town of Rowne, Volhynia, and in 1939 belonged to Volhynian Cavalry Brigade. Beginnings The regiment was formed in July 1920, during the Polish–Soviet War, as the ''11th Mounted Border Rifles Regiment'' (''11 Pulk Konnych Strzelcow Granicznych''). Its cadre consisted of NCOs, trained at two military schools, in Ciechanów and Stara Wies near Warsaw. Due to efforts of Colonel Bronislaw Zaniewski, who commanded the Border Rifles, a cavalry regiment was created, based on the NCOs from both schools. On July 24, 1920, NCO's from Ciechanów, commanded by Bohdan Dabrowski, arrived at Stara Wies, and Dabrowski himself was appointed commandant of the whole regiment. In early August 1920, Colonel Aleksander Kunicki arriv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volhynian Cavalry Brigade
The Volhynian Cavalry Brigade () was a Polish cavalry brigade, which saw action against the invading Germans during the Invasion of Poland, a part of World War II. Raised from recruits in the area of Wołyń, the division was posted to the Łódź Army. During several desperate counter-attacks, the brigade suffered heavy casualties near Łódź. It was commanded by Colonel Julian Filipowicz. Most notably, the unit took part in one of the first battles of the German invasion of Poland (and thus, World War II), the battle of Mokra. History The Vohlynian Cavalry Brigade was formed on April 1, 1937, out of sub-units of the Równe Cavalry Brigade, and several smaller detachments. Formed out of recruits from the region of Volhynia, the brigade was decentralized and its units stationed in several towns from the region, including Równe, Dubno, Białokrynica and Ostróg by the Horyń. As part of the first wave of the Polish Army, the brigade was fully mobilized prior to the outbreak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Łódź Army
Łódź Army () was one of the Polish armies of the Polish Armed Forces of the Second Polish Republic that took part in the Invasion of Poland of 1939. It was officially created on 23 March 1939 with the task of filling the gap between Poznań Army in the north and Kraków Army in the south. Commanded by Juliusz Rómmel, it consisted of five infantry divisions and two cavalry brigades with support from the air force. Tasks The army's task was to fill the gap between Army Poznań in the north (defending Greater Poland under general Tadeusz Kutrzeba) and Army Kraków in the south (operating in Silesia and Lesser Poland under general Antoni Szylling), prevent enemy attacks in the direction of Łódź and Piotrków Trybunalski and if possible, advance towards Sieradz. It was also to cover the mobilization of a reserve Prusy Army behind the Polish lines. Because of that, the main strategic purpose of the army was to gain time and offer delaying actions and harsh resis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nowa Brzeźnica
Nowa Brzeźnica is a village in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Nowa Brzeźnica. It lies approximately south-east of Pajęczno and south of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the historic Sieradz Land. It was a royal town, administratively located in the Radomsko County in the Sieradz Voivodeship Sieradz Voivodeship () was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by Łódź Voivodeship. A Voivodeship is an area administered by a voivode (Governor), and the Sieradz Voivodesh ... in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. References Villages in Pajęczno County Historic Jewish communities in Poland {{Pajęczno-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chorzew Siemkowice
Chorzew Siemkowice is a Polish rail junction located in the Pajęczno County of the Łódź Voivodeship, in the central part of Poland. It is located on the route of the Polish Coal Trunk-Line, and also is the terminal station of the Częstochowa - Chorzew Siemkowice line. It is named for two nearby villages located near the station, Chorzew and Siemkowice. History The station opened in 1933 as part of the Coal Trunk Line. The Częstochowa - Chorzew Siemkowice line was built shortly after in 1939. Initially, it was an important station in the region. Rail service was suspended from 9 December 2012. The station infrastructure was demolished in 2019. Train services are planned to be resumed to the station in December 2024, where trains will travel on line 146 bound for Częstochowa. The passenger infrastructure will be rebuilt at a total cost of 25 million PLN, with construction targeted to complete by the first quarter of 2025. Further reading * * References {{coord, 51, 12 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Działoszyn
Działoszyn is a town in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in south-central Poland, with 5,627 inhabitants as of December 2021. History Działoszyn was granted town rights in 1421. It was a private town, administratively located in the Wieluń County in the Sieradz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. During the German invasion of Poland at the beginning of World War II, Działoszyn was the site of heavy fights between the Poles and the Germans. The town was heavily bombed by the Germans, and most of its Jews fled to nearby Paincheno, where they were employed in forced labor. Eventually, the town's Jews were murdered by the occupiers in the Holocaust. The German occupiers, renamed the town to ''Dilltal''. In 1945, the German occupation ended, and the town's historic name was restored. Sports The local football club is Warta Działoszyn. It competes in the lower leagues. It was the first club of retired Poland national football team play ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kłobuck
Kłobuck is a town in southern Poland, with 12,934 inhabitants (2019). Located in the Silesian Voivodeship, about 15 km northwest of Częstochowa, it is the capital of Kłobuck County. Historically, Kłobuck belongs to Lesser Poland, and is located in its extreme northwestern corner, near the border with two other Polish historical provinces – Greater Poland, and Silesia. The town lies among the hills of Lesser Poland Upland. Most of Kłobuck lies 240 to 260 metres above sea level, and the highest point within town's limits is ''Dębowa Góra'' (284 metres). Kłobuck has the area of 47 km2, with forests taking up 20%. Etymology In the past, the name of the town was spelled in many different ways – Kłobucko, Kłobuczko, Kłobuczek. Current name has been used since the late 19th century, and it most probably comes from ancient Polish word ''kłobuk'', which is a type of headgear. Another explanation is that kłobuk means “top”, or “summit”, and at the time of i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renault FT-17
The Renault FT (frequently referred to in post-World War I literature as the FT-17, FT17, or similar) is a French light tank that was among the most revolutionary and influential tank designs in history. The FT was the first production tank to have its armament within a fully rotating turret.Although a rotating turret had been a feature of some earlier tank designs or prototypes, and had been incorporated in armoured cars for several years, no tank with a turret had entered service. The Renault FT's configuration (crew compartment at the front, engine compartment at the back, and main armament in a revolving turret) became and remains the standard tank layout. Consequently, some armoured warfare historians have called the Renault FT the world's first modern tank. Over 3,000 Renault FT tanks were manufactured by France, most of them in 1918. After World War I, FT tanks were exported in large numbers. Copies and derivative designs were manufactured in the United States (M1917 light ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sokół 1000
The Sokół 1000 (also known as CWS M111) was the heaviest Polish pre-war motorcycle manufactured by the PZInż works, for both civilian and military use by the Polish Army. Production of the model 1000 started in 1933 and lasted until the outbreak of World War II in 1939. A standard completion was a sidecar combination. History In late 1927 the Polish Army created a specification for a general purpose heavy motorcycle that was to replace the Harley-Davidson motorcycles used until then. By 1932 the Centralne Warsztaty Samochodowe works prepared a short series of roughly 200 CWS M55 motorcycles equipped with a sidecar. The bike itself was based upon the Harley-Davidson, while the engine was almost a direct copy of the Indian. However, the machine proved to be less reliable. In 1931 it was decided at ''Państwowe Zakłady Inżynierii'' to prepare a completely new heavy motorcycle for the use of the Polish Army. Subsidized by the state, the PZInż holding extensively tested and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
