''Triplophysa'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
fish
A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic animal, aquatic, Anamniotes, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fish fin, fins and craniate, a hard skull, but lacking limb (anatomy), limbs with digit (anatomy), digits. Fish can ...
in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Nemacheilidae
The Nemacheilidae, or stone loaches, are a family of cypriniform fishes that inhabit stream environments, mostly in Eurasia, with one genus, ''Afronemacheilus'' found in Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous ...
found mainly in and around the
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
, as well as inland waters of the larger part of
central Asia
Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Pers ...
.
They can be distinguished from other genera of Nemacheilidae by marked sexual dimorphism, including the development of
nuptial tubercles on breeding males.
Currently, the genus is a mixed assemblage of
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
. Some lineages have been identified and treated as
subgenera
In biology, a subgenus ( subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.
In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the ge ...
(''
Hedinichthys'', ''
Indotriplophysa'', ''
Labiatophysa'', ''
Qinghaichthys'' and ''
Tarimichthys''), but as Wikipedia follows Fishbase for fish species all but ''Hedinichthys'' have been treated as subgenera in
Wikipedia
Wikipedia is a free content, free Online content, online encyclopedia that is written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the wiki software MediaWiki. Founded by Jimmy Wales and La ...
, although
Kottelat in his revision of the loaches did recognise them as valid.
FishBase
FishBase is a global species database of fish species (specifically finfish). It is the largest and most extensively accessed online database on adult finfish on the web. , however, includes these in ''Triplophysa'' without specifying subgenera and treats the names given by Kottelat as
synonyms
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ...
.
Ecology
''
Triplophysa zhaoi'' holds the record for the lowest altitude for Asian fish: it is found at
below sea level in swamps of the Lükqün oasis, in the
Turpan Depression in
Xinjiang
Xinjiang,; , SASM/GNC romanization, SASM/GNC: Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Sinkiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the China, People' ...
. In the other end, ''
Triplophysa stolickai'' holds the record altitude for Asian fish: it is found at
above sea level
Height above mean sea level is a measure of a location's vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level. In geodesy, it is formalized as orthometric height. The zero level ...
in hot springs near the
Longmu Lake in western
Tibet
Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are other ethnic groups s ...
.
''
Triplophysa dalaica'' has been used as model species to study adaptation to high-altitude
hypoxia and 13 positively selected
genes
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...
involved in hypoxia response have been identified.
Some species are blind
cave-dwellers.
Species
These are the currently recognized species in this genus:
* ''
Triplophysa akhtari''
( M. A. Vijaylakshmanan, 1950)
* ''
Triplophysa alexandrae''
Prokofiev, 2001
* ''
Triplophysa aliensis''
( Y. F. Wu & S. Q. Zhu, 1979)
* ''
Triplophysa alticeps''
( Herzenstein, 1888)
* ''
Triplophysa altipinnis''
Prokofiev, 2003
* ''
Triplophysa aluensis''
W. X. Li & Z. G. Zhu, 2000
* ''
Triplophysa angeli''
( P. W. Fang, 1941)
* ''
Triplophysa anlongensis''
C.-T. Lan, L.-X. Song, T. Luo, X.-R. Zhao, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2023
* ''
Triplophysa anshuiensis''
T.-J. Wu, M.-L. Wei, J.-H. Lan & L.-N. Du, 2018
* ''
Triplophysa anterodorsalis''
S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1989
* ''
Triplophysa aquaecaeruleae''
Prokofiev, 2001
* ''
Triplophysa arnoldii''
Prokofiev, 2006
* ''
Triplophysa baotianensis''
C. Li,
T. Liu,
R. Li &
W. Li, 2018
* ''
Triplophysa bashanensis''
T. Q. Xu & K. F. Wang, 2009
* ''
Triplophysa bellibarus''
( T. L. Tchang, T. H. Yueh & H. C. Hwang, 1963)
* ''
Triplophysa bleekeri
''Triplophysa bleekeri'' is a species of Nemacheilidae, stone loach in the genus ''Triplophysa''. It is endemic to China. It grows to Fish measurement, TL. Having a wide distribution across the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it li ...
''
( Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874)
* ''
Triplophysa bombifrons''
(Herzenstein, 1888)
* ''
Triplophysa brachyptera''
(Herzenstein, 1888)
* ''
Triplophysa brahui''
( Zugmayer, 1912)
* ''
Triplophysa brevibarba''
R. H. Ding, 1993
* ''
Triplophysa brevicauda''
(Herzenstein, 1888)
* ''
Triplophysa cakaensis''
W. X. Cao & S. Q. Zhu, 1988
* ''
Triplophysa cehengensis''
T. Luo, M.-L. Mao, X.-R. Zhao, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2023
* ''
Triplophysa chandagaitensis''
Prokofiev, 2002
* ''
Triplophysa chondrostoma''
(Herzenstein, 1888)
* ''
Triplophysa choprai''
( Hora, 1934)
* ''
Triplophysa coniptera''
( Turdakov, 1954)
* ''
Triplophysa crassicauda''
(Herzenstein, 1888)
* ''
Triplophysa crassilabris''
R. H. Ding, 1994
* ''
Triplophysa cuneicephala''
( T. H. Shaw & T. L. Tchang, 1931)
* ''
Triplophysa dalaica''
( Kessler 1876)
* ''
Triplophysa daochengensis''
Y. Y. Wu, Z. Y. Sun & Y. S. Guo, 2016
* ''
Triplophysa daqiaoensis''
R. H. Ding, 1993
* ''
Triplophysa daryoae''
Sheraliev, Kayumova & Peng, 2022 (Sokh stone loach)
* ''Troglonectes dongganensis''
Yang Jian (ichthyologist)">J. Yang, 2013
* ''Triplophysa dorsalis">Troglonectes dongganensis">* ''Troglonectes dongganensis''
Yang Jian (ichthyologist)">J. Yang, 2013
* ''Triplophysa dorsalis''
(Kessler, 1872)
* ''Triplophysa dorsonotata''
(Kessler, 1879)
* ''Triplophysa drassensis''
(Raj Tilak (ichthyologist), Tilak, 1990)
* ''Triplophysa edsinica''
Prokofiev, 2003
* ''Triplophysa elegans''
(Kessler, 1874)
* ''
Triplophysa erythraea''
Z.-X. Liu & X.-L. Huang, 2019.
* ''
Triplophysa eugeniae''
Prokofiev, 2002
* ''
Triplophysa farwelli''
(Hora, 1935)
* ''
Triplophysa fengshanensis''
J. H. Lan, 2013
* ''
Triplophysa ferganaensis''
Sheraliev & Peng, 2021 (Fergana stone loach)
* ''
Triplophysa flavicorpus''
J. X. Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. H. Lan, 2004
* ''
Triplophysa furva''
S. Q. Zhu, 1992
* ''
Triplophysa fuxianensis''
J. X. Yang & X. L. Chu, 1990
* ''
Triplophysa gejiuensis''
(X. L. Chu & Y. R. Chen, 1979)
* ''
Triplophysa gerzeensis''
W. X. Cao & S. Q. Zhu, 1988
* ''
Triplophysa gracilis''
( F. Day, 1877)
* ''
Triplophysa grahami''
( Regan, 1906)
* ''
Triplophysa griffithii''
( Günther, 1868)
* ''
Triplophysa guizhouensis''
W.-J. Wu, A.-Y. He, J.-X. Yang & L.-N. Du, 2018
* ''
Triplophysa gundriseri''
Prokofiev, 2002
* ''
Triplophysa herzensteini''
( Berg, 1909)
* ''
Triplophysa hexiensis''
( T. Q. Zhao & X. T. Wang, 1988).
* ''
Triplophysa heyangensis''
S. Q. Zhu, 1992
* ''
Triplophysa hialmari''
Prokofiev, 2001
* ''
Triplophysa hsutschouensis''
( Rendahl, 1933)
* ''
Triplophysa huanglongensis''
Gao 1992
* ''
Triplophysa huapingensis''
L. P. Zheng, J. X. Yang & X. Y. Chen, 2012
* ''
Triplophysa huidongensis''
Xiong & Y.-S. Guo, 2021
* ''
Triplophysa hutjertjuensis''
(Rendahl, 1933)
* ''
Triplophysa incipiens''
(Herzenstein, 1888)
* ''
Triplophysa intermedia''
(Kessler, 1876)
* ''
Triplophysa jianchuanensis''
L. P. Zheng, L. N. Du, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2010 (Jianchuan stone loach)
* ''
Triplophysa jinchuanensis''
Tan & Guo, 2021
* ''
Triplophysa kafirnigani''
(Turdakov, 1948)
* ''
Triplophysa kashmirensis''
(Hora, 1922)
* ''
Triplophysa kaznakowi''
Prokofiev, 2004
* ''
Triplophysa kokshaalensis''
Prokofiev, 2017
* ''
Triplophysa kullmanni''
Bănărescu, Nalbant & Ladiges, 1975
* ''
Triplophysa kungessana''
(Kessler, 1879)
* ''
Triplophysa labiata
''Triplophysa labiata'', the Plain Thicklip Loach, is a species of ray-finned fish
Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate s ...
''
(Kessler, 1874)
* ''
Triplophysa lacusnigri''
(Berg, 1928)
* ''
Triplophysa lacustris''
J. X. Yang & X. L. Chu, 1990
* ''
Triplophysa langpingensis''
J. Yang, 2013
* ''
Triplophysa laterimaculata''
J. L. Li, N. F. Liu & J. X. Yang, 2007
* ''
Triplophysa laticeps''
W. Zhou & G. H. Cui, 1997
* ''
Triplophysa leptosoma''
(Herzenstein, 1888)
* ''
Triplophysa lixianensis''
C. L. He, Z. B. Song & E. Zhang, 2008
* ''
Triplophysa longianguis''
Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1984
* ''
Triplophysa longipectoralis''
L. P. Zheng, L. N. Du, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2009
* ''
Triplophysa longliensis''
Q. Ren, J. X. Yang & X. Y. Chen, 2012
* ''
Triplophysa luochengensis''
Li, J., J.-H. Lan, X. Y. Chen & L. N. Du, 2017
* ''
Triplophysa macrocephala''
J. Yang, T. J. Wu & J. X. Yang, 2012
* ''
Triplophysa macromaculata''
J. X. Yang, 1990
* ''
Triplophysa macrophthalma''
S. Q. Zhu & Q. Z. Guo, 1985
* ''
Triplophysa markehenensis''
(S. Q. Zhu & Y. F. Wu, 1981)
* ''
Triplophysa marmorata''
( Heckel, 1838)
* ''
Triplophysa microphthalma''
(Kessler, 1879)
* ''
Triplophysa microphysa''
(P. W. Fang, 1935)
* ''
Triplophysa microps''
( Steindachner 1866)
* ''
Triplophysa minxianensis''
(X.-T. Wang & S. Q. Zhu, 1979)
* ''
Triplophysa nandanensis''
J. H. Lan, J. X. Yang & Y. R. Chen, 1995
* ''
Triplophysa nanpanjiangensis''
(S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1988)
* ''
Triplophysa nasobarbatula''
D. Z. Wang & D. J. Li, 2001
* ''
Triplophysa ninglangensis''
Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1988
* ''
Triplophysa nujiangensa''
X. Y. Chen, G. H. Cui & J. X. Yang], 2004
* ''
Triplophysa obscura''
X. T. Wang, 1987
* ''
Triplophysa obtusirostra''
Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1988
* ''
Triplophysa orientalis''
(Herzenstein, 1888)
* ''
Triplophysa panguri''
(Hora, 1936)
* ''
Triplophysa panzhouensis''
J. Yu, T. Luo, C. T. Lan, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2023
* ''
Triplophysa papillosolabiata''
(Kessler, 1879)
* ''
Triplophysa pappenheimi''
(P. W. Fang, 1935)
* ''
Triplophysa paradoxa''
(Turdakov, 1955)
* ''
Triplophysa parva''
Z. M. Chen, W. X. Li & J. X. Yang, 2009
* ''
Triplophysa polyfasciata''
R. H. Ding, 1996
* ''
Triplophysa posterodorsalus''
( W.-X. Li, J.-C. Ran & H.-M. Chen, 2006)
* ''
Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera''
(S. Q. Zhu & Y. F. Wu, 1981)
* ''
Triplophysa pseudostenura''
C. L. He, E. Zhang & Z. B. Song, 2012
* ''
Triplophysa qilianensis''
W. J. Li, X. C. Chen & Y. P. Hu, 2015
* ''
Triplophysa qingzhenensis''
F. Liu, Z.-X. Zeng & Gong
A gongFrom Indonesian language, Indonesian and ; ; zh, c=鑼, p=luó; ; ; ; ; is a percussion instrument originating from Southeast Asia, and used widely in Southeast Asian and East Asian musical traditions. Gongs are made of metal and ...
, 2022
* ''
Triplophysa qini''
S.Q. Deng, X.-B. Wang & E. Zhang 2022
* ''
Triplophysa qiubeiensis''
W. X. Li & H. F. Yang, 2008
* ''
Triplophysa retropinnis''
(Herzenstein, 1888)
* ''
Triplophysa robusta''
(Kessler, 1876)
* ''
Triplophysa rongduensis''
M.-L. Mao, X.-R. Zhao, J. Yu, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2023
* ''
Triplophysa rosa''
X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2005
* ''
Triplophysa rotundiventris''
(Y. F. Wu & Y. R. Chen, 1979)
* ''
Triplophysa sanduensis''
S.-J. Chen & Z.-G. Peng, 2019
* ''
Triplophysa scapanognatha''
Prokofiev, 2007
* ''
Triplophysa scleroptera''
(Herzenstein, 1888)
* ''
Triplophysa sellaefer''
( Nichols, 1925)
* ''
Triplophysa sewerzowi''
( Nikolskij, 1938) (Severtsov's loach)
* ''
Triplophysa shaanxiensis''
J. X. Chen, 1987
* ''
Triplophysa shannanensis''
M. Wang, J. Huang, Y. Chen & D. He, 2024
* ''
Triplophysa shashiguii''
Y.Y. Wu & Y.S. Guo, 2021
* ''
Triplophysa shehensis''
Menon, 1987
* ''
Triplophysa shilinensis''
Y. R. Chen & J. X. Yang, 1992
* ''
Triplophysa shiyangensis''
(T. Q. Zhao & X. T. Wang, 1983)
* ''
Triplophysa siluroides''
(Herzenstein, 1888)
* ''
Triplophysa stenura
''Triplophysa stenura'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Triplophysa''. It lives in swift-flowing streams and is known from the Upper Yangtze, Upper Mekong, Upper Salween and Upper Brahmaputra river drainages in China and Vietnam. W ...
''
(Herzenstein, 1888)
* ''
Triplophysa stewarti''
(Hora, 1922)
* ''
Triplophysa stolickai''
(Steindachner, 1866)
* ''
Triplophysa strauchii''
(Kessler, 1874)
* ''
Triplophysa tanggulaensis''
S. Q. Zhu, 1982)
* ''
Triplophysa tenuicauda''
(Steindachner, 1866)
* ''
Triplophysa tenuis''
(Day, 1877)
* ''
Triplophysa tianeensis''
X. Y. Chen, G. H. Cui & J. X. Yang, 2004
* ''
Triplophysa tianlinensis''
J. Li, X.-H. Li, J.-H. Lan & L.-N. Du, 2016
* ''
Triplophysa tianxingensis''
H. F. Yang, W. X. Li & Z. M. Chen, 2016
* ''
Triplophysa tibetana''
(Regan, 1905)
* ''
Triplophysa turpanensis''
Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1992
* ''
Triplophysa ulacholica''
( V. P. Anikin, 1905) (Issyk-kul naked loach)
* ''
Triplophysa uranoscopus''
(Kessler, 1872)
* ''
Triplophysa venusta''
S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1988
* ''
Triplophysa waisihani''
L. Cao & E. Zhang, 2008
* ''
Triplophysa weiheensis''
C.-G. Feng , Y. Zhang, C. Tong, Zhou & K. Zhao, 2020
* ''
Triplophysa wudangensis''
F. Liu, Z.-X. Zeng & Z. Gong 2022
* ''
Triplophysa wulongensis''
S.-J. Chen, Sheraliev, L. Shu & Z. Peng, 2021
* ''
Triplophysa wuweiensis'' (
( S. C. Li & S. Y. Chang, 1974)
* ''
Triplophysa xiangshuingensis''
W. X. Li, 2004
* ''
Triplophysa xiangxiensis''
( G. Y. Yang, F. X. Yuan & Y. M. Liao, 1986)
* ''
Triplophysa xichangensis''
S.-Q. Zhu & W.-X. Cao 1989
* ''
Triplophysa xichouensis''
S. W. Liu, X.-F. Pan, J. X. Yang & X. Y. Chen, 2017
* ''
Triplophysa xingshanensis''
( G. R. Yang & C. X. Xie, 1983)
* ''
Triplophysa xiqiensis''
R. H. Ding & Q. Lai, 1996
* ''
Triplophysa xuanweiensis''
Z.-M. Lu, X.-J. Li, W.-N. Mao & Y.-H. Zhao 2022
* ''
Triplophysa yajiangensis''
S. L. Yan, Z. Y. Sun & Y. S. Guo, 2015
* ''
Triplophysa yaluwang''
C.-T. Lan, Y.-W. Liu, J.-J. Zhou & J. Zhou 2024
* ''
Triplophysa yaopeizhii''
T. Q. Xu, C. G. Zhang & B. Cai, 1995
* ''
Triplophysa yasinensis''
( Alcock, 1898)
* ''
Triplophysa yunnanensis''
J. X. Yang, 1990
* ''
Triplophysa yuzeshengi''
Y. S. Guo & Z. Y. Sun, 2021
* ''
Triplophysa zaidamensis''
(Kessler, 1876)
* ''
Triplophysa zamegacephala''
(T. Q. Zhao, 1985)
* ''
Triplophysa zhaoi''
Prokofiev, 2006
* ''
Triplophysa zhenfengensis''
D. Z. Wang & D. J. Li, 2001
* ''
Triplophysa ziyunensis''
L. Wu, T. Luo, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2024
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q603095
Nemacheilidae
Freshwater fish of Asia
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot