Local government in Scotland comprises thirty-two local authorities, commonly referred to as ''councils''. Each council provides

public service A public service or service of general (economic) interest is any service intended to address the needs of aggregate members of a community, whether provided directly by a public sector agency, via public financing available to private busin ...

s, including

education Education is the transmission of knowledge and skills and the development of character traits. Formal education occurs within a structured institutional framework, such as public schools, following a curriculum. Non-formal education als ...

social care Social work is an academic discipline and practice-based profession concerned with meeting the basic needs of individuals, families, groups, communities, and society as a whole to enhance their individual and collective well-being. Social wo ...

waste management Waste management or waste disposal includes the processes and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes the collection, transport, treatment, and disposal of waste, together with monitor ...

libraries A library is a collection of Book, books, and possibly other Document, materials and Media (communication), media, that is accessible for use by its members and members of allied institutions. Libraries provide physical (hard copies) or electron ...

and

planning Planning is the process of thinking regarding the activities required to achieve a desired goal. Planning is based on foresight, the fundamental capacity for mental time travel. Some researchers regard the evolution of forethought - the cap ...

. Councils receive the majority of their funding from the

Scottish Government The Scottish Government (, ) is the executive arm of the devolved government of Scotland. It was formed in 1999 as the Scottish Executive following the 1997 referendum on Scottish devolution, and is headquartered at St Andrew's House in ...

, but operate independently and are accountable to their local electorates. Councils raise additional income via the Council Tax, a locally variable domestic

property tax A property tax (whose rate is expressed as a percentage or per mille, also called ''millage'') is an ad valorem tax on the value of a property.In the OECD classification scheme, tax on property includes "taxes on immovable property or Wealth t ...

, and

Business rates Rates are a tax on property in the United Kingdom used to fund local government. Business rates are collected throughout the United Kingdom. Domestic rates are collected in Northern Ireland and were collected in England and Wales before 1990 and i ...

, a non-domestic property tax. Councils are made up of

councillor A councillor, alternatively councilman, councilwoman, councilperson, or council member, is someone who sits on, votes in, or is a member of, a council. This is typically an elected representative of an electoral district in a municipal or re ...

s who are directly elected by the residents of the area they represent. Each council area is divided into a number of wards, and three or four councillors are elected for each ward. There are currently 1,227 elected councillors in

Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...

. Local elections are normally held every five years and use the

single transferable vote The single transferable vote (STV) or proportional-ranked choice voting (P-RCV) is a multi-winner electoral system in which each voter casts a single vote in the form of a ranked ballot. Voters have the option to rank candidates, and their vot ...

electoral system. The most recent election was the

2022 Scottish local elections The 2022 Scottish local elections were held on 5 May 2022, as part of the 2022 United Kingdom local elections. All 1,226 seats across all 32 Scottish local government, Scottish local authorities were up for election and voter turnout was 44.8%. ...

and the next election will be the

2027 Scottish local elections Local government in Scotland comprises thirty-two local authorities, commonly referred to as ''councils''. Each council provides public services, including education, social care, waste management, libraries and planning. Councils receive the m ...

. Council administrations typically comprise a group of councillors within the council who are able to command majority support. Minority administrations and majority administrations may be formed. Although coalition administrations are more typical, occasionally a majority administration is formed by a single

political party A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular area's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology, ...

, but this is uncommon due to the proportional voting system used in Scottish local elections. Despite being uncommon on the Scottish mainland, it is possible for

independent politician An independent politician or non-affiliated politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or Bureaucracy, bureaucratic association. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent. Some politicia ...

s to form an administration. The

Convention of Scottish Local Authorities The Convention of Scottish Local Authorities (COSLA) is the national association of Scottish councils and acts as an employers' association for its 32 member authorities. History Formed in 1975, COSLA exists to promote and protect the int ...

(COSLA) is an

umbrella organisation An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool resources. In business, political, and other environments, it provides resources and iden ...

formed in 1975 to represent the views of Scotland's thirty-two councils to central government.

History

Origins

The history of Scottish local government mainly surrounds involves the

counties of Scotland The counties or shires of Scotland () were historic subdivisions of Scotland. The shires were originally established in the Middle Ages for judicial purposes, being territories over which a Sheriff principal, sheriff had jurisdiction. They wer ...

. The counties have their origins in the

sheriffdoms A sheriffdom is a judicial district in Scotland, led by a sheriff principal. Since 1 January 1975, there have been six sheriffdoms. Each sheriffdom is divided into a series of sheriff court districts, and each sheriff court is presided over by a r ...

shire Shire () is a traditional term for an administrative division of land in Great Britain and some other English-speaking countries. It is generally synonymous with county (such as Cheshire and Worcestershire). British counties are among the oldes ...

s over which a

sheriff A sheriff is a government official, with varying duties, existing in some countries with historical ties to England where the office originated. There is an analogous, although independently developed, office in Iceland, the , which is common ...

(a contraction of ''shire reeve'') exercised jurisdiction.

Malcolm III Malcolm III (; ; –13 November 1093) was List of Scottish monarchs, King of Alba from 1058 to 1093. He was later nicknamed "Canmore" (, , understood as "great chief"). Malcolm's long reign of 35 years preceded the beginning of the Scoto-Norma ...

appears to have introduced sheriffs as part of a policy of replacing native "

Celt The Celts ( , see Names of the Celts#Pronunciation, pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples ( ) were a collection of Indo-European languages, Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient Indo-European people, reached the apoge ...

ic" forms of government with

Anglo Saxon The Anglo-Saxons, in some contexts simply called Saxons or the English, were a cultural group who spoke Old English and inhabited much of what is now England and south-eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. They traced their origins to Ge ...

and French

feudal Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was a combination of legal, economic, military, cultural, and political customs that flourished in Middle Ages, medieval Europe from the 9th to 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of struc ...

structures. This was continued by his sons

Edgar Edgar is a commonly used masculine English given name, from an Anglo-Saxon name ''Edgar'' (composed of ''wikt:en:ead, ead'' "rich, prosperous" and ''Gar (spear), gar'' "spear"). Like most Anglo-Saxon names, it fell out of use by the Late Midd ...

Alexander I Alexander I may refer to: * Alexander I of Macedon, king of Macedon from 495 to 454 BC * Alexander I of Epirus (370–331 BC), king of Epirus * Alexander I Theopator Euergetes, surnamed Balas, ruler of the Seleucid Empire 150-145 BC * Pope Alex ...

and in particular

David I David I may refer to: * David I, Caucasian Albanian Catholicos c. 399 * David I of Armenia, Catholicos of Armenia (728–741) * David I Kuropalates of Georgia (died 881) * David I Anhoghin, king of Lori (ruled 989–1048) * David I of Scotland ...

. David completed the division of the country into sheriffdoms by the conversion of existing thanedoms. From the seventeenth century the shires started to be used for local administration apart from judicial functions. In 1667

Commissioners of Supply Commissioners of Supply were local administrative bodies in Scotland from 1667 to 1930. Originally established in each sheriffdom to collect tax, they later took on much of the responsibility for the local government of the counties of Scotland. ...

were appointed in each sheriffdom to collect the land tax. The commissioners eventually assumed other duties in the county. In 1858, police forces were established in each county under the Police (Scotland) Act 1857. As a result of the dual system of local government,

burgh A burgh ( ) is an Autonomy, autonomous municipal corporation in Scotland, usually a city, town, or toun in Scots language, Scots. This type of administrative division existed from the 12th century, when David I of Scotland, King David I created ...

s (of which there were various types) often had a high degree of autonomy.

Modern history

Between 1890 and 1975 local government in Scotland was organised with

county councils A county council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a county. This term has slightly different meanings in different countries. Australia In the Australian state of New South Wales, county council (New South Wales), co ...

(including four ''counties of cities'') and various lower-level units. Between 1890 and 1929, there were parish councils and town councils, but with the passing of the

Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 ( 19 & 20 Geo. 5. c. 25) reorganised local government in Scotland from 1930, introducing joint county councils, large and small burghs and district councils. The Act also abolished the Scottish poor law s ...

, the functions of parish councils were passed to larger district councils and a distinction was made between

large burghs Large burgh was a type of municipal structure in Scotland, which existed from 1930 to 1975. History When county councils had been established in 1890 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, there were 26 burghs which were excluded from ...

(i.e. those with a population of 20,000 or more) and small burghs. This system was further refined by the passing of the

Local Government (Scotland) Act 1947 The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1947 ( 10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 65) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in Scotland, on 1 October 1947. Section 1 of the act reads: The umbrella organisation for dis ...

. Effective from 1975, the

Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 (c. 65) is an Act of Parliament (UK), act of Parliament of the United Kingdom that altered local government of Scotland, local government in Scotland on 16 May 1975. The act followed and largely impleme ...

passed by the

Conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civiliza ...

government of

Edward Heath Sir Edward Richard George Heath (9 July 1916 – 17 July 2005) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974 and Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Leader of the Conservative Party from 1965 ...

introduced a system of two-tier local government in Scotland (see

Local government areas of Scotland 1973 to 1996 Local may refer to: Geography and transportation * Local (train), a train serving local traffic demand * Local, Missouri, a community in the United States Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Local'' (comics), a limited series comic book by Bria ...

), divided between large regional councils and smaller district councils. The only exceptions to this were the three island councils,

Western Isles The Outer Hebrides ( ) or Western Isles ( , or ), sometimes known as the Long Isle or Long Island (), is an island chain off the west coast of mainland Scotland. It is the longest archipelago in the British Isles. The islands form part ...

Shetland Shetland (until 1975 spelled Zetland), also called the Shetland Islands, is an archipelago in Scotland lying between Orkney, the Faroe Islands, and Norway, marking the northernmost region of the United Kingdom. The islands lie about to the ...

and

Orkney Orkney (), also known as the Orkney Islands, is an archipelago off the north coast of mainland Scotland. The plural name the Orkneys is also sometimes used, but locals now consider it outdated. Part of the Northern Isles along with Shetland, ...

which had the combined powers of regions and districts. The Conservative government of

John Major Sir John Major (born 29 March 1943) is a British retired politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997. Following his defeat to Ton ...

(1990–1997) decided to abolish this system and merge their powers into new

unitary authorities A unitary authority is a type of local government, local authority in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Unitary authorities are responsible for all local government functions within its area or performing additional functions that elsewhere are ...

. The new councils vary wildly in size – some are the same as counties, such as

Clackmannanshire Clackmannanshire (; ; ), or the County of Clackmannan, is a Shires of Scotland, historic county, Council areas of Scotland, council area, registration counties, registration county and Lieutenancy areas of Scotland, lieutenancy area in Scotland ...

, some are the same as former districts, such as

Inverclyde Inverclyde (, , , "mouth of the Clyde") is one of 32 council areas used for local government in Scotland. Together with the East Renfrewshire and Renfrewshire council areas, Inverclyde forms part of the historic county of Renfrewshire, which ...

, and some are the same as the former regions, such as

Highland Highlands or uplands are areas of high elevation such as a mountainous region, elevated mountainous plateau or high hills. Generally, ''upland'' refers to a range of hills, typically from up to , while ''highland'' is usually reserved for range ...

. The changes took effect in 1996 with shadow councillors elected in 1995 to oversee the smooth transition of control. In 2007, council elections moved to the

system, with wards represented by either three or four councillors. The transition has resulted in no uncontested seats and has ended single-party controlled councils. In 2016 there were ward boundary changes in 25 local authority areas, following the Scottish Government accepting some of the recommendations of

Local Government Boundary Commission for Scotland Boundaries Scotland is an independent body in Scotland created as the Local Government Boundary Commission for Scotland under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. According to its website, it is responsible for: carrying out reviews of bo ...

. The Islands (Scotland) Act 2018 and the Scottish Elections (Reform) Act 2020 have given Boundaries Scotland increased flexibility to vary the size of wards. Mainland wards may now have between 2 and 5 councillors, and single councillor wards are permitted where such a ward includes an inhabited island.

Responsibilities

* Council Tax * Non-domestic rates collection * Maintenance of all roads and pavements (except trunk roads which are the responsibility of

Transport Scotland Transport Scotland () is the national transport agency of Scotland. It was established by the Transport (Scotland) Act 2005, and began operating on 1 January 2006 as an executive agency of the Scottish Government. Transport Scotland, an execut ...

) * All aspects of

relating to each respective council area; including early years, primary, secondary, additional support needs and school transportation * The planning system, and Section 75 *

Parking Parking is the act of stopping and disengaging a vehicle and usually leaving it unoccupied. Parking on one or both sides of a road is often permitted, though sometimes with restrictions. Some buildings have parking facilities for use of the bu ...

* Bus stops * Supporting non-commercial bus services * Provides some Community Transport * Local authority nurseries and private partnership nursery establishments * Care of the elderly, * Protection of vulnerable children and adults * Refuse collection and disposal * Licensing of hours of sale for alcohol * Licensing of cultural music parades * Licensing of

taxis A taxis (; : taxes ) is the motility, movement of an organism in response to a Stimulus (physiology), stimulus such as light or the presence of food. Taxes are innate behavioural responses. A taxis differs from a tropism (turning response, often ...

and private hire vehicles * Licensing of window cleaners, market traders, scrap metal merchants, and street hawkers * Licensing of sexual entertainment venues * Food Hygiene inspections * Regulation of landlords * Council leisure centres and swimming baths * Public parks * Administering the Scottish Welfare Fund

Map of council areas

Governance and administration

The power vested in local authorities is administered by elected councillors. There are currently 1,227 councillors, each paid a part-time salary for the undertaking of their duties. In total, there are 32 unitary authorities, the largest being the Glasgow City with more than 600,000 inhabitants, the smallest, Orkney, with just over 20,000 people living there (population of 21,670 in 2015).

Councillor A councillor, alternatively councilman, councilwoman, councilperson, or council member, is someone who sits on, votes in, or is a member of, a council. This is typically an elected representative of an electoral district in a municipal or re ...

s are subject to a

Code of Conduct A code of conduct is a set of rules outlining the social norm, norms, rules, and responsibilities or proper practices of an individual party or an organization. Companies' codes of conduct A company code of conduct is a set of rules which is comm ...

instituted by the

Ethical Standards in Public Life etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 The Ethical Standards in Public Life etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 (asp 7) is an Act of the Scottish Parliament which established that the Scottish Government, Scottish Ministers had to issue a code of conduct for councillors, and put in place mechani ...

and enforced by the

Standards Commission for Scotland Standard may refer to: Symbols * Colours, standards and guidons, kinds of military signs * Standard (emblem), a type of a large symbol or emblem used for identification Norms, conventions or requirements * Standard (metrology), an object t ...

. If a person believes that a councillor has broken the code of conduct they make a complaint to the Commissioner for Ethical Standards in Public Life in Scotland (CESPLS). The Commissioner makes a determination on whether there is a need for an investigation, and then whether or not to refer the matter to the Standards Commission.

Provost

Each council elects a provost from among the members of the council to chair meetings and to act as a figurehead for the area.s.4, Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994. A council may also elect a depute provost, though this is not required. In the four cities of

Glasgow Glasgow is the Cities of Scotland, most populous city in Scotland, located on the banks of the River Clyde in Strathclyde, west central Scotland. It is the List of cities in the United Kingdom, third-most-populous city in the United Kingdom ...

Edinburgh Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. The city is located in southeast Scotland and is bounded to the north by the Firth of Forth and to the south by the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh ...

Aberdeen Aberdeen ( ; ; ) is a port city in North East Scotland, and is the List of towns and cities in Scotland by population, third most populous Cities of Scotland, Scottish city. Historically, Aberdeen was within the historic county of Aberdeensh ...

and

Dundee Dundee (; ; or , ) is the List of towns and cities in Scotland by population, fourth-largest city in Scotland. The mid-year population estimate for the locality was . It lies within the eastern central Lowlands on the north bank of the Firt ...

the provost is called a

Lord Provost A lord provost () is the convenor of the local authority, the civic head and the lord-lieutenant of one of the principal cities of Scotland. The office is similar to that of a lord mayor. Only the cities of Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh, Stirlin ...

, whilst in other councils the council may choose another title for their provost or conveners. Most councils use the term ' provost', some use the term 'convener'. The office of provost or convener is roughly equivalent to that of a

mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a Municipal corporation, municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilitie ...

in other parts of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

. Traditionally these roles are ceremonial and have no significant administrative functions. Lord provosts in the four city councils have the additional duty of acting as

Lord Lieutenant A lord-lieutenant ( ) is the British monarch's personal representative in each lieutenancy area of the United Kingdom. Historically, each lieutenant was responsible for organising the county's militia. In 1871, the lieutenant's responsibility ov ...

for their respective city.

Leader of the Council

Since 2007 each council has been required to designate a "leader of the council" and a "civic head", who receive additional remuneration for holding those roles. The regulations direct that unless a council decides otherwise the leader is the convener and the civic head is the depute convener. In practice, most authorities appoint someone other than the convener as leader of the council, such that the political leader of the council is not also presiding over the debate at council meetings. The convener or provost usually takes the civic head role. The leader of the council is usually the leader of the largest political group, or in a coalition the leader of the largest party in that coalition. The Leader of the Council has no executive or administrative powers designated by statute. Prior to 2007 many authorities recognised the leader of the largest political group or coalition administration as being leader of the council, but there was no legislative basis for the role.

Officers

Officers of a council are administrative, non-political staff of the council. Generally the composition of the council's officers are a matter for the council, but there are a number of statutory officers whose roles are defined by the central government. The most significant of these officers is the Head of Paid Service, usually titled the

Chief Executive A chief executive officer (CEO), also known as a chief executive or managing director, is the top-ranking corporate officer charged with the management of an organization, usually a company or a nonprofit organization. CEOs find roles in variou ...

. The Chief Executive is similar in function to a

city manager A city manager is an official appointed as the administrative manager of a city in the council–manager form of city government. Local officials serving in this position are referred to as the chief executive officer (CEO) or chief administ ...

, though certain councillors have executive authority and there is no clear division of powers.http://www.gov.scot/library/documents3/ethic-07.htm There is also a statutory Monitoring Officer, who usually heads the Legal Services division of the council, as well as a Chief Financial Officer.

2022 election results

, - style="background-color:#E9E9E9; ! scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan=2 , Party ! scope="col" colspan="3" , First-preference votes ! scope="col" colspan="2" , Councils ! scope="col" colspan="2" , 2017 seats ! scope="col" colspan="3" , 2022 seats , - ! scope="col" , Count ! scope="col" , Of total (%) ! scope="col" , Change ! scope="col" , Count ! scope="col" , Change ! scope="col" , Count ! scope="col" , Of total (%) ! scope="col" , Count ! scope="col" , Of total (%) ! scope="col" , Change , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

No overall control In the context of local authorities in the United Kingdom no overall control (NOC; ) is a situation in which no single political group achieves a majority of seats, comparable to a hung parliament. Of the 248 councils who had members up for elec ...

, colspan=3 , 27 , style="background-color:#ffe8e8;", 2 , colspan=2 , colspan=3 , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , SNP , 633,252 , 34.1% , 1.8% , 1 , style="background-color:#dfd;", 1 , 431 , 37.0% , 453 , 35.1% , style="background-color:#dfd;", 22 , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Labour , 403,243 , 21.7% , 1.6% , 1 , style="background-color:#dfd;", 1 , 262 , 21.4% , 281 , 23.1% , style="background-color:#dfd;", 19 , - , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

, 364,824 , 19.6% , 5.7% , 0 , , 276 , 22.5% , 214 , 17.5% , style="background-color:#ffe8e8", 62 , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Liberal Democrats , 159,815 , 8.6% , 1.7% , 0 , , 67 , 5.5% , 87 , 7.1% , style="background-color:#dfd;", 20 , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Independents , 156,815 , 8.4% , 2.0% , 3 , , 168 , 14.1% , 152 , 12.2% , style="background-color:#ffe8e8;", 15 , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

Green Green is the color between cyan and yellow on the visible spectrum. It is evoked by light which has a dominant wavelength of roughly 495570 nm. In subtractive color systems, used in painting and color printing, it is created by a com ...

, 110,791 , 6.0% , 1.9% , 0 , , 19 , 1.6% , 35 , 2.9% , style="background-color:#dfd", 16 , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

Alba ''Alba'' ( , ) is the Scottish Gaelic name for Scotland. It is also, in English-language historiography, used to refer to the polity of Picts and Scots united in the ninth century as the Kingdom of Alba, until it developed into the Kingd ...

, 12,335 , 0.7% , , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Scottish Family , 6,857 , 0.4% , , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , West Dunbartonshire Community , 1,462 , 0.1% , , 0 , , , , 1 , 0.1% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Scottish Socialist , 1,058 , 0.1% , 0.1% , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , TUSC , 1,022 , 0.1% , , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , British Unionist , 859 , 0.1% , , 0 , , , , 1 , 0.1% , style=background-color:#dfd, 1 , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Rubbish , 787 , 0.0% , , 0 , , , , 1 , 0.1% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Independence for Scotland , 742 , 0.0% , , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

Libertarian Libertarianism (from ; or from ) is a political philosophy that holds freedom, personal sovereignty, and liberty as primary values. Many libertarians believe that the concept of freedom is in accord with the Non-Aggression Principle, according ...

, 698 , 0.0% , , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Freedom Alliance , 555 , 0.0% , , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Volt UK , 421 , 0.0% , , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Socialist Labour , 381 , 0.0% , , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

UKIP The UK Independence Party (UKIP, ) is a Eurosceptic, right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom. The party reached its greatest level of success in the mid-2010s, when it gained two Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), member ...

, 372 , 0.0% , 0.2% , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

Women's Equality Gender equality, also known as sexual equality, gender egalitarianism, or equality of the sexes, is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making, an ...

, 228 , 0.0% , , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

Social Democratic Social democracy is a Social philosophy, social, Economic ideology, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achi ...

, 222 , 0.0% , , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

Sovereignty Sovereignty can generally be defined as supreme authority. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within a state as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the person, body or institution that has the ultimate au ...

, 154 , 0.0% , , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

Communist Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, di ...

, 119 , 0.0% , , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Pensioner's , 75 , 0.0% , , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

Vanguard The vanguard (sometimes abbreviated to van and also called the advance guard) is the leading part of an advancing military formation. It has a number of functions, including seeking out the enemy and securing ground in advance of the main force. ...

, 74 , 0.0% , , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Workers , 61 , 0.0% , , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Scottish Eco-Federalist , 24 , 0.0% , , 0 , , , , , 0.0% , , - class=sortbottom style="background-color:#E9E9E9; font-weight:bold;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" , Total , 1,889,658 , 100.0 , ±0.0 , 32 , , 1,223 , 1,227 , 1,227 , 100.00 ,

Council control

''Last updated 10 March 2023.''

2017 election results

Following boundary changes: , -style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" !colspan="2" rowspan="2" width="175", Party !colspan="3" rowspan="2" width="175", First-preference votes ! scope="col" rowspan="2", Councils ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width: 30px;", +/- ! colspan="2" , 2012 seats ! colspan="2" , 2017 seats ! colspan="2" , Seat change , - ! Seats won ! Notional ! Seats won ! Seat % ! vs Notional , - , - style="text-align:right;" , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

Scottish National Party The Scottish National Party (SNP; ) is a Scottish nationalist and social democratic party. The party holds 61 of the 129 seats in the Scottish Parliament, and holds 9 out of the 57 Scottish seats in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, ...

, 610,454 , 32.3% , 0.0 , 0 , 1 , 425 , 438 , 431 , 35.1% , 7 , - style="text-align:right;" , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

, 478,073 , 25.3% , 12.0% , 0 , , 115 , 112 , 276 , 22.5% , 164 , - style="text-align:right;" , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Labour , 380,957 , 20.2% , 11.4% , 0 , 3 , 394 , 395 , 262 , 21.4% , 133 , - , - style="text-align:right;" , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Independents , 199,261 , 10.5% , 1.3% , 3 , , 196 , 198 , 172 , 14.1% , 26 , - style="text-align:right;" , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Liberal Democrats , 128,821 , 6.8% , 0.2% , 0 , , 71 , 70 , 67 , 5.5% , 3 , - style="text-align:right;" , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

Scottish Greens The Scottish Greens (also known as the Scottish Green Party; ) are a green political party in Scotland. The party has 7 MSPs of 129 in the Scottish Parliament, the party holds 35 of the 1226 councillors at Scottish local Government level. The ...

, 77,682 , 4.1% , 1.8% , 0 , , 14 , 14 , 19 , 1.6% , 5 , - , - style="text-align:right;" , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

No Overall Control In the context of local authorities in the United Kingdom no overall control (NOC; ) is a situation in which no single political group achieves a majority of seats, comparable to a hung parliament. Of the 248 councils who had members up for elec ...

, — , — , — , 29 , 4 , — , — , — , — , — , - ! colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" , Total , style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" , 1,889,658 , style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" , 100.0 , style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" , ±0.0 , style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" , 32 , style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" , , style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" , 1,223 , style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" , 1,227 , style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" , 1,227 , style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" , 100.00 , style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" , Note: There were boundary changes in many of these councils. Notional seats and seat change are based on a notional 2012 result calculated by the BBC. The methodology was officially revealed on 9 May 2017. The relevant explanation is available on th
BBC Website
Comparisons with the actual results from 2012 are inconsistent, as the number of seats and seat changes will be different because of an increase in council seats across the country from 1,223 to 1,227 and the different boundaries. , -style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" , Party ! 2012 seats ! 2012 notional , - , - style="text-align:right;" , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

, 425 , 438 , - , - style="text-align:right;" , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

, 115 , 112 , - , - style="text-align:right;" , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Labour , 394 , 395 , - , - style="text-align:right;" , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Liberal Democrats , 71 , 70 , - , - style="text-align:right;" , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" ,

, 14 , 14 , - , - style="text-align:right;" , style="background-color:", , style="text-align:left;" , Others , 204 , 198 , - , - ! colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" , Total , 1,223 , 1,227 , -

Council control

Political control may be held by minority governments (min), coalitions (co), joint leadership arrangements (j.l.) or partnership working arrangements (p.w.). ''Last update 13 February 2022.''

2012 election results

Council control

The 32 unitary authorities were controlled as follows. The figures incorporate the results from the 2012 local government election, plus gains and losses from subsequent local by-elections, and party defections.

2007 election results

Following the introduction of the

Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004 The Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 9) is an Act of the Scottish Parliament which provided, amongst other things, for the election of councillors to the local government in Scotland, local authorities in Scotland by the single transfera ...

local elections are held using the

, with this taking place for the first time in 2007. This change in voting system saw all but five councils end up with no one party in control. Labour retained control of Glasgow City and

North Lanarkshire North Lanarkshire (; ) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It borders the north-east of the Glasgow City council area and contains many of Glasgow's suburbs, commuter towns, and villages. It also borders East Dunbartonshire, Falkirk (co ...

, while

and

Na h-Eileanan Siar The Outer Hebrides ( ) or Western Isles ( , or ), sometimes known as the Long Isle or Long Island (), is an Archipelago, island chain off the west coast of mainland Scotland. It is the longest archipelago in the British Isles. The islan ...

continue to be controlled by Independent councillors.

Council control

The 32 unitary authorities are controlled as follows. The figures incorporate the results from the 2007 local government election, plus gains and losses from subsequent local by-elections, and party defections.

Community councils

Community council A community council is a public representative body in Great Britain. In England they may be statutory parish councils by another name, under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007, or they may be non-statutory bodies. ...

s represent the interests of local people. Local authorities have a statutory duty to consult community councils on planning, development and other issues directly affecting that local community. However, the community council has no direct say in the delivery of services. In many areas they do not function at all, but some work very effectively at improving their local area. Elections for community councils are determined by the local authority but the law does state that candidates cannot stand on a party-political ticket.

References

External links

Local Government
''Scottish Government''
Local Government Boundary Commission for ScotlandMap of the UK counties and unitary administrationsMap of all UK local authorities
{{DEFAULTSORT:Local Government In Scotland Administrative divisions of Scotland

History

Origins

Modern history

Responsibilities

Map of council areas

Governance and administration

Provost

Leader of the Council

Officers

2022 election results

Council control

2017 election results

Council control

2012 election results

Council control

2007 election results

Council control

Community councils

See also

References

External links