Scombroidei or Scombrales is a

suborder Order () is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized ...

or infraorder of the

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood ...

Scombriformes Scombriformes, also known as Pelagia and Pelagiaria, is an order of ray-finned fish within the clade Percomorpha. It contains 287 extant species in 16 families, most of which were previously classified under the suborders Scombroidei and Stroma ...

or suborder Scombroidei. The suborder or infraorder includes the tunas,

mackerel Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of pelagic fish, mostly from the family Scombridae. They are found in both temperate and tropical seas, mostly living along the coast or offshore in the oceanic environment. ...

and snake-mackerels. Regular scombrids are observed to have large heads, eyes, and mouths. In most cases, the second dorsal fin will develop before the development of the first. The earliest known member is the scombrid '' Landanichthys'' from the

Selandian The Selandian is a stage in the Paleocene. It spans the time between . It is preceded by the Danian and followed by the Thanetian. Sometimes the Paleocene is subdivided in subepochs, in which the Selandian forms the "middle Paleocene". Stratig ...

Angola Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of c ...

, although potential fossil teeth of '' Eutrichiurides'' are slightly older.

Taxonomy

Originally, both Scombroidei and Stromateoidei were placed under the order

Perciformes Perciformes (), also called the Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish in the clade Percomorpha. ''Perciformes'' means " perch-like". Among the well-known members of this group are perches and darters ( Percidae), and als ...

, but both taxa are now lumped together into the order

or alternatively ranked as infraorders (Stromateales and Scombrales) under the suborder Scombroidei within the order

Syngnathiformes The Syngnathiformes are an order of ray-finned fishes that includes the leafy seadragons, sea moths, trumpetfishes and seahorses, among others.FishBase (2005)Order Summary for Syngnathiformes Version of 2005-FEB-15. Retrieved 19 Aug 2008. Th ...

. Most modern taxonomic authorities use the former treatment. The following taxonomic classification is used by

Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Catalog of Fishes is a comprehensive on-line database and reference work on the scientific names of fish species and genera. It is global in its scope and is hosted by the California Academy of Sciences. It has been compiled and is continuously up ...

: * Suborder Scombroidei ** Family Pomatomidae

Gill A gill () is a respiration organ, respiratory organ that many aquatic ecosystem, aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow r ...

, 1863 (bluefishes) ** Family Icosteidae

Jordan Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. Jordan is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the east, Saudi Arabia to the south, and Israel and the occupied Palestinian ter ...

& Gilbert, 1880 (ragfishes) ** Family Arripidae Gill, 1893 (Australian salmons) ** Family Chiasmodontidae Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 (swallowers) ** Family

Scombridae The mackerel, tuna, and bonito family, Scombridae, includes many of the most important and familiar food fishes. The family consists of 51 species in 15 genera and two subfamilies. All species are in the subfamily Scombrinae, except the but ...

Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; 22 October 178318 September 1840) was a French early 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ult ...

, 1815 (mackerels, tunas and bonitos) ** Family

Caristiidae Caristiidae, the manefishes, are a family of scombriform ray-finned fishes which today includes 19 extant taxon, extant species distributed in four genera. Taxonomy The following genera are known: * ''Caristius'' Theodore Nicholas Gill, Gill ...

Gill & Smith, 1905 (manefishes) ** Family

Bramidae Pomfrets are scombriform fish belonging to the family Bramidae. The family currently includes 20 species across seven genera. Several species are important food sources for humans, especially ''Brama brama'' in South Asia. The earlier form of t ...

Bonaparte, 1831 (pomfrets) ** Superfamily Trichiuroidea *** Family Scombrolabracidae Fowler, 1925 (longfin escolar) *** Family Gempylidae Gill, 1862 (snake mackerels) *** Family Trichiuridae Rafinesque, 1810 (cutlassfishes) Some authors consider this treatment

paraphyletic Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages. The grouping is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In co ...

with respect to Stromateoidei. Several extinct taxa are also known: * Suborder Scombroidei ** Genus ?†'' Ardiodus''

White White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) reflect and scatter all the visible wa ...

, 1931 (

early Eocene In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age (geology), age or lowest stage (stratigraphy), stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between , is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by th ...

) ** Genus †'' Duplexdens'' Monsch, 2004 (early Eocene) ** Genus †'' Scombramphodon'' Woodward, 1901 (early Eocene to

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch (geology), epoch of the Paleogene Geologic time scale, Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that defin ...

) ** Genus †'' Sphyraenodus''

Agassiz Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz ( ; ) FRS (For) FRSE (May 28, 1807 – December 14, 1873) was a Swiss-born American biologist and geologist who is recognized as a scholar of Earth's natural history. Spending his early life in Switzerland, he recei ...

, 1844 (early Eocene) ** Genus †'' Woodwardella'' Casier, 1966 (early Eocene) ** Superfamily Trichiuroidea *** Genus †'' Argestichthys'' Prokofiev, 2002 (earliest Eocene) *** Genus †'' Eutrichiurides'' Casier, 1944 (early Paleocene to early Oligocene, potentially a cutlassfish) *** Genus †'' Macroynis'' Beckett, Giles, Johanson & Friedman, 2018 (early Eocene) *** Family † Euzaphlegidae Daniltshenko, 1960 (

late Miocene The Late Miocene (also known as Upper Miocene) is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch (geology), Epoch made up of two faunal stage, stages. The Tortonian and Messinian stages comprise the Late Miocene sub-epoch, which lasted from 11.63 Ma (million ye ...

)Bannikov, Alexandre F. (2008) "A new genus and species of putative euzaphlegid fish from the Eocene of Bolca in northern Italy (Periformes, Trichiuroidea)." Studi e Ricerche sui giacimenti Terziari di Bolca, XII Miscellanea Paleontologica 9: 99-107

/ref>David, Lore Rose (January 10, 1943). ''Miocene Fishes of Southern California''. Geological Society of America. pp. 104-115.

References

* * Scombriformes Ray-finned fish suborders {{Scombroidei-stub Extant Selandian first appearances Polyphyletic groups