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Scombroidei
Scombroidei or Scombrales is a suborder or infraorder of the order Scombriformes or suborder Scombroidei. The suborder or infraorder includes the tunas, mackerel and snake-mackerels. Regular scombrids are observed to have large heads, eyes, and mouths. In most cases, the second dorsal fin will develop before the development of the first. The earliest known member is the scombrid '' Landanichthys'' from the Selandian of Angola, although potential fossil teeth of '' Eutrichiurides'' are slightly older. Taxonomy Originally, both Scombroidei and Stromateoidei were placed under the order Perciformes, but both taxa are now lumped together into the order Scombriformes or alternatively ranked as infraorders (Stromateales and Scombrales) under the suborder Scombroidei within the order Syngnathiformes. Most modern taxonomic authorities use the former treatment. The following taxonomic classification is used by Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: * Suborder Scombroidei ** Family Pomatom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scombriformes
Scombriformes, also known as Pelagia and Pelagiaria, is an order of ray-finned fish within the clade Percomorpha. It contains 287 extant species in 16 families, most of which were previously classified under the suborders Scombroidei and Stromateoidei of the order Perciformes. The earliest known scombriform is the scombrid '' Landanichthys'' from the Middle Paleocene of Angola. Taxonomy Scombriformes includes the following families: * Suborder Stromateoidei ** Family Amarsipidae (amarsipa) ** Family Centrolophidae (medusafishes) ** Family Nomeidae (driftfishes) ** Family Tetragonuridae (squaretails) ** Family Ariommatidae (ariommas) ** Family Stromateidae (butterfishes) * Suborder Scombroidei ** Family Pomatomidae (bluefishes) ** Family Icosteidae (ragfish) ** Family Arripidae (Australasian salmon (kahawai)) ** Family Chiasmodontidae (swallowers) ** Family Scombridae *** Subfamily Gasterochismatinae (butterfly kingfish) *** Subfamily Scombrinae (mackerels, bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stromateoidei
Stromateoidei is a suborder of marine ray-finned fish within the order Scombriformes. It includes the medusafishes, squaretails and driftfishes which associate with jellyfish, the latter families preying on them while the medusafish use them for protection while scavenging food scraps. It also contains the true butterfish, a common food fish. Taxonomy In earlier classifications, it has sometimes been treated as its own order, Stromateiformes, and some studies still treat it as such. However, Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes considers it one of two major suborders of Scombriformes. The following classification is used by Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (2025): * Suborder Stromateoidei ** Family Amarsipidae Haedrich, 1969 (bagless glassfishes or amarsipas) ** Family Centrolophidae Bonaparte, 1846 (medusafishes) ** Family Nomeidae Günther, 1860 (driftfishes) ** Family Tetragonuridae Risso, 1827 (squaretails) ** Family Ariommatidae Haedrich, 1967 (ariommas or ariommatids) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiasmodontidae
The Chiasmodontidae, snaketooth fishes or swallowers, are a family of deep-sea predatory ray-finned fishes, part of the order Scombriformes, that are found in all oceans. As suggested by their common name, they are characterized by their ability to engulf prey larger than themselves, due to their highly distensible stomachs. Taxonomy They are closely related to tunas & mackerels (Scombridae), with both families belonging to the suborder Scombroidei. They were formerly placed in the paraphyletic group "Trachinoidei". Genera The following genera are known: * '' Chiasmodon'' Johnson, 1864 * '' Dysalotus'' MacGilchrist, 1905 * ''Kali'' Lloyd, 1909 * '' Pseudoscopelus'' Lütken, 1892 In addition, the extinct fossil genus †'' Bannikovichthys'' Carnevale, 2007 is known from the Middle Miocene (Serravallian) of Italy. This genus appears to be more basal than the extant genera. Another species that was previously assigned to this family, "''Pseudoscopelus grossheimi''" fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scombridae
The mackerel, tuna, and bonito family, Scombridae, includes many of the most important and familiar food fishes. The family consists of 51 species in 15 genera and two subfamilies. All species are in the subfamily Scombrinae, except the butterfly kingfish, which is the sole member of subfamily Gasterochismatinae. Scombrids have two dorsal fins and a series of finlets behind the rear dorsal fin and anal fin. The caudal fin is strongly divided and rigid, with a slender, ridged base. The first (spiny) dorsal fin and the pelvic fins are normally retracted into body grooves. Species lengths vary from the of the island mackerel to the recorded for the immense Atlantic bluefin tuna. Scombrids are generally predators of the open ocean, and are found worldwide in tropical and temperate waters. They are capable of considerable speed, due to a highly streamlined body and retractable fins. Some members of the family, in particular the tunas, are notable for being partially en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gempylidae
The Gempylidae are a family of scombriform ray-finned fishes commonly known as snake mackerels or escolars. The family includes about 25 species. They are elongated fishes with a similar appearance to barracudas, having a long dorsal fin, usually with one or finlets trailing it. The largest species, including the Thyrsites, snoek (''Thyrsites atun''), grow up to 2 m long, and the oilfish (''Ruvettus pretiosus'') can reach 3 m, though they rarely surpass 150 cm. Like the barracudas, they are predators, with fang-like teeth. Taxonomy * Subfamily Clade 1 Mthethwa, 2023 ** Genus ''Diplospinus'' *** ''Diplospinus multistriatus'' Günther Maul, Maul, 1948 (Striped escolar) ** Genus ''Gempylus'' *** ''Gempylus serpens'' Georges Cuvier, G. Cuvier, 1829 (Snake mackerel) ** Genus ''Nealotus'' *** ''Nealotus tripes'' James Yate Johnson, J. Y. Johnson, 1865 (Black Snake mackerel) ** Genus ''Nesiarchus'' *** ''Nesiarchus nasutus'' J. Y. Johnson, 1862 (Black gemfish) ** Genus ''Paradiplos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Icosteidae
The ragfish (''Icosteus aenigmaticus'') is a ray-finned fish of the northern Pacific Ocean; although classified as a bony fish, its skeleton is mostly cartilage, and the larvae have pelvic fins that disappear as they mature. It is the sole member of the family Icosteidae within the order Scombriformes. The ragfish body is scaleless and limp, because of its cartilaginous skeleton and its flabby muscles. None of the fins have any spines. The dorsal and anal fins extend much of the length of the body, while the pelvic fins are absent. The coloration is generally a dark brown, and maximum known length is 2 m. Ragfishes are found on the bottom from near the surface in the case of juveniles to , occasionally down to , for the adults. They are said to eat jellyfishes, other fish, squid, and octopus, although recent catches show no squid beaks but large numbers of jellyfish. Ragfish are rarely seen and little is known about them. The larvae make a remarkable transformation as they mat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mackerel
Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of pelagic fish, mostly from the family Scombridae. They are found in both temperate and tropical seas, mostly living along the coast or offshore in the oceanic environment. Mackerel species typically have deeply forked tails and vertical "tiger-like" stripes on their backs with an Iridescence, iridescent green-blue quality. Many are restricted in their distribution ranges and live in separate populations or Fish stocks, fish stocks based on geography. Some stocks Fish migration, migrate in large Shoaling and schooling, schools along the coast to suitable spawning grounds, where they spawn in fairly shallow waters. After spawning they return the way they came in smaller schools to suitable feeding grounds, often near an area of upwelling. From there they may move offshore into deeper waters and spend the winter in relative inactivity. Other stocks migrate across oceans. Smaller mackerel are forage fish for la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caristiidae
Caristiidae, the manefishes, are a family of scombriform ray-finned fishes which today includes 19 extant taxon, extant species distributed in four genera. Taxonomy The following genera are known: * ''Caristius'' Theodore Nicholas Gill, Gill & Hugh McCormick Smith, Smith, 1905 * ''Neocaristius'' Stevenson & Kenaley, 2011 * ''Paracaristius'' Ivan Andreevich Trunov, Trunov, Yefim Izrailevich Kukuev, Kukuev & Nikolai Vasilyevich Parin, Parin, 2006 * ''Platyberyx'' Erich Zugmayer, Zugmayer, 1911 In addition, the extinct genera ''Chalcidichthys malacapterygius, Chalcidichthys'' and ''Absalomichthys'' are known from the Late Miocene of Southern California. Biology They are deep-sea marine fishes found in the mesopelagic zone that eat siphonophores. An adult manefish is less than 25 cm in length and most of them are entirely black, which helps camouflage them from predators. References Caristiidae, Percomorpha families {{Scombroidei-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eutrichiurides
''Eutrichiurides'' ("true '' Trichiurus'' resemblance") is an extinct genus of cutlassfish known from the early Paleocene to the early Oligocene. Taxonomy Species within this genus include: * †''E. africanus'' Dartevelle & Casier, 1949 - mid-late Paleocene (Selandian to Thanetian) of Angola ( Landana Formation) * †''E. delheidi'' (Leriche, 1908) (type species) - Early Oligocene of Belgium ( Boom Clay) (=''Trichiurides delheidi'' Leriche, 1908) * †''E. orpiensis'' (Leriche, 1906) - Early Paleocene of Morocco & North Dakota, USA ( Cannonball Formation), Late Paleocene of Belgium, Early Eocene of England * †''E. plicidens'' ( Arambourg, 1952) - middle Eocene (early Lutetian to middle Bartonian) of Alabama, USA ( Tallahatta, Lisbon and Gosport Sand Formations), potentially Bartonian of Libya * †''E. goberti'' Casier, 1944 - Early Eocene of Tunisia ( Gafsa-Metlaoui Basin) * †''E. termieri'' (Arambourg, 1952) - Late Paleocene/Early Eocene of Morocco (Ouled Abdoun Basin) ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; 22 October 178318 September 1840) was a French early 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimately settling in Ohio in 1815, where he made notable contributions to botany, zoology, and the study of Mound Builders, prehistoric earthworks in North America. He also contributed to the study of ancient Mesoamerican languages, Mesoamerican linguistics, in addition to work he had already completed in Europe. Rafinesque was an eccentric and erratic genius. He was an autodidact, who excelled in various fields of knowledge, as a zoologist, botanist, writer and Polyglot (person), polyglot. He wrote prolifically on such diverse topics as anthropology, biology, geology, and linguistics, but was honored in none of these fields during his lifetime. Indeed, he was an outcast in the American scientific community and his submissions were automati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugh McCormick Smith
Hugh McCormick Smith, also H. M. Smith (November 21, 1865 – September 28, 1941) was an American ichthyologist and administrator in the United States Bureau of Fisheries. Biography Smith was born in Washington, D.C. In 1888, he received a Doctor of Medicine from Georgetown University; then, in 1908, a Doctor of Law from the Dickinson School of Law at Dickinson College. He began working for the United States Fish Commission (formally, the United States Commission on Fish and Fisheries) in 1886 as an assistant. He directed the scientific research center there from 1897 to 1903. From 1901 to 1902, he directed the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. At the same time, he was on the faculty at Georgetown, teaching medicine from 1888 to 1902 and histology from 1895 to 1902. From 1907 to 1910, Smith led the scientific party aboard the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries (successor organization of the U.S. Fish Commission) research ship during her two-and-a-half-year exp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Mackerel
The Indian mackerel (''Rastrelliger kanagurta'') or bigmouth mackerel is a species of mackerel in the family Scombridae. It is commonly found in the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, West Pacific oceans, and their surrounding seas. It is an important food fish and is commonly used in South Asian cuisine, South and Southeast Asian cuisine, South-East Asian cuisine. It is known by various names, such as ''Pelaling'' in Malaysia, ''Kembung lelaki'' in Indonesia, ''Bangdo'' (बांगडो) in Konkani language, Konkani language, ''Bangdi'' (બાંગડી) in Gujarati language, Gujarati, ''Bangda'' (बांगडा) in Marathi language, Marathi, ''Kajol Gouri'' (কাজল গৌরী) in Bengali language, Bengali, ''Ayla'' (അയല, ഐല) in Malayalam language, Malayalam, ''Kankarta'' (କାନକରତା) in Odia language, Odia, ''Kaanankeluthi'' (காணாங்கெலுத்தி) in Tamil language, Tamil, Kumbalawaa (කුම්බලා� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
