Ryszard Jaxa-Małachowski Kulisicz (

Odessa ODESSA is an American codename (from the German language, German: ''Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen'', meaning: Organization of Former SS Members) coined in 1946 to cover Ratlines (World War II aftermath), Nazi underground escape-pl ...

, —

Lima Lima ( ; ), founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (, Spanish for "City of Biblical Magi, Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rive ...

, ), later known as Ricardo de Jaxa Małachowski, was a Polish-Peruvian architect, active in

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

for nearly all of his professional career. He was one of the major architects of the capital city of

, working in the design and construction of over 15 major buildings in the city.

Biography

Ryszard Jaxa Małachowski was born on May 14, 1887, in

, then part of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

(present day

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

). He was the son of August Jaxa Małachowski and Malwina Kulisicz. At age 13, Ricardo traveled to

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

and applied to enter the Navy Academy of Odessa. However, he was not admitted into the program due to his poor vision. He then continued his education in a secondary school in Odessa, where he graduated in 1905. He traveled to

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

shortly after to attend the ''

École des Beaux-Arts ; ) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts architecture, Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth centu ...

'' and pursued architecture. Malachowski arrived in Lima on December 22, 1911. He was immediately put to work by President

Augusto B. Leguía Augusto Bernardino Leguía y Salcedo (19 February 1863 – 6 February 1932) was a Peruvian politician who served as President of Peru from 1908 to 1912 and from 1919 to 1930, the latter term known as the " Oncenio" after its eleven-year length. ...

, who asked him to design and install the sacristy of the chapel of the Government Palace. In 1914, he married María Benavides Diez Canseco, the daughter of future president

Óscar R. Benavides Óscar Raymundo Benavides Larrea (March 15, 1876 – July 2, 1945) was a Peruvian field marshal, diplomat, and politician who served as the 38th (1914–1915, by coup d'état) and 42nd (1933–1939) President of Peru, with his latter term being ...

. Together, they had 4 children: Maria, Malvina, Augusto and Ricardo. In late 1933, Malachowski was almost killed during a robbery near Villa María School in

Arequipa Avenue Arequipa Avenue (), formerly known as Leguía Avenue (), is one of the main avenues of Lima, Peru. It extends from north to south in the districts of Lima, Lince, San Isidro and Miraflores along 52 blocks. It has a bike path located along its ...

, today the

Alliance Française (; "French Alliance", stylised as ''af'') is an international organization that aims to promote the French language and francophone culture around the world. Created in Paris on 21 July 1883 under the name ''Alliance française pour la propa ...

. In addition to the city centre, he was the architect of various buildings in the residential sectors and sea resorts (such as Santa María del Mar, San Bartolo & Santa María de Chosica) of the city. Malachowski was an impact to the overall architecture of the city in the time that he lived and worked there. He died on December 6, 1972, in Lima, at the age of 85.

''Theory of Architecture''

Malachowski wrote the book, ''Lessons of Elements and Theory Of Architecture'' with the intentions of putting all his teaching material into one place. He taught the course of Elements and Theory of Architecture at the Escuela Nacional de Ingenieros (National School of Engineering) in Lima between 1915 and 1944. This book is a substantial contribution to the theories and the Peruvian architectural thought. Containing 141 sketches, the first edition was published in 1944. As of today, it is only published in Spanish.

Works

In addition to the buildings below, Malachowski also worked on a number of urban and preliminary designs of the buildings at the

Paseo de la República Paseo may refer to: * a ''paseo'', a promenade, esplanade or public avenue. * ''Paseo'', a euphemism for a ride to summary execution during the White Terror during the Spanish Civil War Parkways and malls * The Paseo (Kansas City, Missouri), a ...

Avenue, as well as of the Malecón de Miraflores.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaxa Malachowski, Ricardo De 1887 births 1972 deaths People from Kherson Governorate Peruvian architects People from Odesa Emigrants from the Russian Empire Immigrants to Peru Benavides family Diez Canseco family

Biography

''Theory of Architecture''

Works

See also

References