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Óscar R. Benavides
Óscar Raymundo Benavides Larrea (March 15, 1876 – July 2, 1945) was a Peruvian field marshal, diplomat, and politician who served as the 38th (1914–1915, by coup d'état) and 42nd (1933–1939) President of Peru, with his latter term being a period of authoritarian fascism. He commanded Peruvian forces in the Battle of La Pedrera against Colombia where Peru was victorious. He annulled the 1936 Peruvian general election, where his favored candidate appeared to be losing, and subsequently stayed on as president. Early life He was born in Lima on March 15, 1876, son of Miguel Benavides y Gallegos, Sergeant Major of the National Guard, and Erfilia Larrea, Peruvian socialite. After attending the College of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Lima, Benavides entered the Military School of Lima and in 1894 the Dos de Mayo Artillery Brigade. In 1901, he was promoted to captain. In 1906, at age 30, he graduated with top grades as Sergeant Major at the Military Academy in Lima, directed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Peru
The president of Peru (), officially the constitutional president of the Republic of Peru (), is the head of state and head of government of Peru. The president is the head of the executive branch and is the supreme head of the Peruvian Armed Forces, Armed Forces and National Police of Peru. The office of president corresponds to the highest magistracy in the country, making the president the highest-ranking public official in Peru. Due to broadly interpreted impeachment wording in the Constitution of Peru, 1993 Constitution of Peru, the Congress of Peru can impeach the president without cause, effectively making the executive branch subject to the legislature. The president is elected to direct the general policy of the government, work with the Congress of the Republic and the Council of Ministers (Peru), Council of Ministers to enact reform, and be an administrator of the state, enforcing the constitution, which establishes the presidential requirements, rights, and obliga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Field Marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks. Usually, it is the highest rank in an army (in countries without the rank of Generalissimo), and as such, few persons are ever appointed to it. It is considered as a five-star rank (OF-10) in modern-day armed forces in many countries. Promotion to the rank of field marshal in many countries historically required extraordinary military achievement by a general (a wartime victory). However, the rank has also been used as a Division (military), divisional command rank and as a brigade command rank. Examples of the different uses of the rank include Afghanistan, Austria-Hungary, India, Pakistan, Prussia/Germany and Sri Lanka for an extraordinary achievement; Spain and Mexico for a divisional command (); and France, Portugal and Brazil for a brigade command (, ). Origins The origin of the term dates to the early Middle Ages, originally meaning the keeper of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Armed Forces
The French Armed Forces (, ) are the military forces of France. They consist of four military branches – the Army, the Navy, the Air and Space Force, and the National Gendarmerie. The National Guard serves as the French Armed Forces' military reserve force. As stipulated by France's constitution, the president of France serves as commander-in-chief of the French military. France has the ninth largest defense budget in the world and the second largest in the European Union (EU). It also has the largest military by size in the EU. As of 2021, the total active personnel of the French Armed Forces is 270,000. While the reserve personnel is 63,700 (including the National Gendarmerie), for a total of 333,000 personnel (excluding the active personnel of the National Gendarmerie). Including the active personnel of the National Gendarmerie, the total manpower of all the French Armed Forces combined is 435,000 strong. A 2015 Credit Suisse report ranked the French Armed Forces as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dos De Mayo
The ''Dos de Mayo'' or Second of May Uprising took place in Madrid, Spain, on 2–3 May 1808. The rebellion, mainly by civilians, with some isolated military action by junior officers, was against the occupation of the city by French troops, and was violently repressed by the First French Empire, French Imperial forces, with hundreds of public executions. Background The city had been under the occupation of Napoleon I of France, Napoleon's army since 23 March of the same year. King Charles IV of Spain, Charles IV had been forced by the Spanish people during the Tumult of Aranjuez to abdicate in favor of his son Ferdinand VII of Spain, Ferdinand VII, and at the time of the uprising both were in the French city of Bayonne at the insistence of Napoleon. An attempt by the French general Joachim Murat to move Charles IV's Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca, daughter and her children along with his Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain, youngest son to Bayonne sparked a rebelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
College Of Our Lady Of Guadalupe
The College of Our Lady of Guadalupe is a Secular education, secular public education school in Lima, Peru. Originally founded on Jirón ApurÃmac, Chacarilla Street in the Guadalupe neighbourhood on November 14, 1840, it moved in 1909 to its current location on Avenida Alfonso Ugarte, Alfonso Ugarte Avenue, built during the government of Augusto B. LeguÃa. The college has played an important function in the doctrinal, intellectual and political life of Peru. Many of its alumni have stood out in different professional fields. History Early 19th century In 1839, during the second government of President AgustÃn Gamarra, there were already numerous state and private educational establishments in Lima aimed at careers as lawyers, priests or doctors, so a preparatory or elementary school was necessary. Driven by this motivation, landowner Domingo ElÃas and the wealthy Spaniard Nicolás Rodrigo, in a notice published on November 14, 1840, announced that they had decided to open the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialite
A socialite is a person, typically a woman from a wealthy or aristocratic background, who is prominent in high society. A socialite generally spends a significant amount of time attending various fashionable social gatherings, instead of having traditional employment. Word history The word ''socialite'' is first attested in 1909 in a Tennessee newspaper. It was popularized by Time (magazine), ''Time'' magazine in the 1920s.David E. Sumner, ''The Magazine Century: American Magazines Since 1900'', 2010, , p. 62 United Kingdom Historically, socialites in the United Kingdom were almost exclusively from the families of the British nobility, aristocracy and landed gentry. Many socialites also had strong familial or personal relationships to the British royal family. Between the 17th and early 19th centuries, society events in London and at English country house, country houses were the focus of socialite activity. Notable examples of British socialites include Beau Brummell, William ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peruvian Armed Forces
The Peruvian Armed Forces () are the military services of Peru, comprising independent Army, Navy and Air Force components. Their primary mission is to safeguard the country's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity against any threat. As a secondary mission they participate in economic and social development as well as in civil defence tasks. The National Police of Peru is often classified as a part of the armed forces. Although in fact it has a different organisation and a wholly civil mission, its training and activities over more than two decades as an anti-terrorist force have produced markedly military characteristics, giving it the appearance of a virtual fourth military service with significant land, sea and air capabilities and approximately 140,000 personnel. The Peruvian armed forces report through the Ministry of Defence, while the National Police of Peru report through the Ministry of Interior. History 19th century The Peruvian Army was officially e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergeant Major
Sergeant major is a senior Non-commissioned officer, non-commissioned Military rank, rank or appointment in many militaries around the world. History In 16th century Spain, the ("sergeant major") was a general officer. He commanded an army's infantry, and ranked about third in the army's command structure; he also acted as a sort of Chief of staff (military), chief of staff to the army's commander. In the 17th century, sergeant majors appeared in individual regiments. These were field officers, third in command of their regiments (after their colonels and lieutenant colonels), with a role similar to the older, army-level sergeant major (although obviously on a smaller scale). The older position became known as "sergeant major general" to distinguish it. Over time, the term "sergeant" was dropped from both titles, giving rise to the modern ranks of Major (rank), major and major general. The full title of sergeant major fell out of use until the latter part of the 18th century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1936 Peruvian General Election
General elections were held in Peru on 11 October 1936.Elections and Events 1930-1949 The Library, UC San Diego In the presidential election, Luis A. Eguiguren of the appeared to be heading for victory, but outgoing president who favored , ordered the count to be stopped and the election results were subsequently annulled. Benavides subsequently stayed in power as president. Background Incumbent pres ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New School For Social Research
The New School for Social Research (NSSR), previously known as The University in Exile and The New School University, is a graduate-level educational division of The New School in New York City, United States. NSSR enrolls more than 1,000 students from the United States, as well as students from other countries. History Founding the New School for Social Research (1919–1933) The New School for Social Research was founded in 1919 by a group of progressive intellectuals (mostly from Columbia University and ''The New Republic'') who had grown dissatisfied with the growing bureaucracy and fragmentation of higher education in the United States. These included, among others, Charles Beard, John Dewey, James Harvey Robinson, and Thorstein Veblen. In its earliest manifestation, the New School was an adult education institution that gave night lectures to fee-paying students. There were no admissions requirements and the New School did not confer degrees. The first set of lect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Hispanic American Historical Review
The ''Hispanic American Historical Review'' is a quarterly, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal of Latin American history, the official publication of the Conference on Latin American History, the professional organization of Latin American historians. Founded in 1916, HAHR is the oldest journal of Latin American history, and, since 1926, published by Duke University Press Duke University Press is an academic publisher and university press affiliated with Duke University. It was founded in 1921 by William T. Laprade as The Trinity College Press. (Duke University was initially called Trinity College). In 1926 .... On July 1, 2017, editorial responsibility shifted from Duke University to Penn State for the 2017–2022 term. History The journal was founded by a group of Latin American historians within the American Historical Association, who met to create an institutional structure for this branch of history. Latin-Americanists felt marginalized within the AHA, with few se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
