A rock formation is an isolated, scenic, or spectacular surface rock

outcrop An outcrop or rocky outcrop is a visible exposure of bedrock or ancient superficial deposits on the surface of the Earth and other terrestrial planets. Features Outcrops do not cover the majority of the Earth's land surface because in most p ...

. Rock formations are usually the result of weathering and

erosion Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as Surface runoff, water flow or wind) that removes soil, Rock (geology), rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust#Crust, Earth's crust and then sediment transport, tran ...

sculpting the existing rock. The term ''rock formation'' can also refer to specific sedimentary

strata In geology and related fields, a stratum (: strata) is a layer of Rock (geology), rock or sediment characterized by certain Lithology, lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by v ...

or other rock unit in stratigraphic and

petrologic Petrology () is the branch of geology that studies rock (geology), rocks, their mineralogy, composition, texture, structure and the conditions under which they form. Petrology has three subdivisions: igneous petrology, igneous, metamorphic rock, ...

studies. A rock structure can be created in any rock type or combination: *

Igneous rocks Igneous rock ( ), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main Rock (geology)#Classification, rock types, the others being sedimentary rock, sedimentary and metamorphic rock, metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidifi ...

are created when molten rock cools and solidifies, with or without crystallisation. They may be either plutonic bodies or volcanic extrusive. Again, erosive forces sculpt their current forms. * Metamorphic rocks are created by rocks that have been transformed into another kind of rock, usually by some combination of heat, pressure, and chemical alteration. *

Sedimentary rock Sedimentary rocks are types of rock (geology), rock formed by the cementation (geology), cementation of sediments—i.e. particles made of minerals (geological detritus) or organic matter (biological detritus)—that have been accumulated or de ...

s are created by a variety of processes but usually involving deposition, grain by grain, layer by layer, in water or, in the case of terrestrial sediments, on land through the action of wind or sometimes moving ice.

Erosion Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as Surface runoff, water flow or wind) that removes soil, Rock (geology), rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust#Crust, Earth's crust and then sediment transport, tran ...

later exposes them in their current form. Geologists have created a number of terms to describe different rock structures in the

landscape A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or human-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.''New Oxford American Dictionary''. A landscape includes th ...

that can be formed by natural processes: *

Butte In geomorphology, a butte ( ) is an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top; buttes are smaller landforms than mesas, plateaus, and table (landform), tablelands. The word ''butte'' comes from the French l ...

Cliff In geography and geology, a cliff or rock face is an area of Rock (geology), rock which has a general angle defined by the vertical, or nearly vertical. Cliffs are formed by the processes of weathering and erosion, with the effect of gravity. ...

* Cut bank * Escarpment *

Gorge A canyon (; archaic British English spelling: ''cañon''), gorge or chasm, is a deep cleft between escarpments or cliffs resulting from weathering and the erosion, erosive activity of a river over geologic time scales. Rivers have a natural tend ...

Inselberg An inselberg or monadnock ( ) is an isolated rock hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain. In Southern Africa, a similar formation of granite is known as a koppie, an ...

, or monadnock * Mesa * Peak * Promontory * River cliff *

Sea cliff A cliffed coast, also called an abrasion coast, is a form of coast where the action of marine waves has formed steep cliffs that may or may not be precipitous. It contrasts with a flat or alluvial coast. Formation In coastal areas in whic ...

* Stack * Stone run * Tor Here is an incomplete list of rock formations by continent.

Asia

Armenia

* Geghard * Garni Gorge * Goris * Khndzoresk

China

* Yunmeng Mountain National Forest Park, Beijing *

Guilin Guilin (Standard Zhuang: ''Gveilinz''), postal map romanization, formerly romanization of Chinese, romanized as Kweilin, is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of China's Guangxi, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is situated on the we ...

, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region * Huangshan, Anhui Province * Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area, Zhangjiajie, Hunan

Hong Kong

* Amah Rock, New Territories *

Lion Rock Lion Rock, or less formally Lion Rock Hill, is a List of mountains, peaks and hills in Hong Kong, mountain in Hong Kong. It is located in Sha Tin District, between Kowloon Tong of Kowloon and Tai Wai of the New Territories, and is high. The ...

, New Kowloon/New Territories

Jordan

Petra Petra (; "Rock"), originally known to its inhabitants as Raqmu (Nabataean Aramaic, Nabataean: or , *''Raqēmō''), is an ancient city and archaeological site in southern Jordan. Famous for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit systems, P ...

Amman Amman ( , ; , ) is the capital and the largest city of Jordan, and the country's economic, political, and cultural center. With a population of four million as of 2021, Amman is Jordan's primate city and is the largest city in the Levant ...

* Wadi Rum Desert

India

Jabalpur Jabalpur, formerly Jubbulpore, is a city situated on the banks of Narmada River in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is the 3rd-largest urban agglomeration of the state and the 38th-largest of the country. Jabalpur is the administrative h ...

Marble Rocks,

Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh (; ; ) is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and the largest city is Indore, Indore. Other major cities includes Gwalior, Jabalpur, and Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, Sagar. Madhya Pradesh is the List of states and union te ...

* Rock Formations in Rayalseema

Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh (ISO 15919, ISO: , , AP) is a States and union territories of India, state on the East Coast of India, east coast of southern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, seventh-largest state and th ...

, Hampi

Karnataka Karnataka ( ) is a States and union territories of India, state in the southwestern region of India. It was Unification of Karnataka, formed as Mysore State on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, States Re ...

* Yana

Israel

* Rosh Hanikra * Timna Arch,

Eilat Eilat ( , ; ; ) is Israel's southernmost city, with a population of , a busy port of Eilat, port and popular resort at the northern tip of the Red Sea, on what is known in Israel as the Gulf of Eilat and in Jordan as the Gulf of Aqaba. The c ...

* Karnei Hattin

Lebanon

* Cape Lithoprosopon * Raouché,

Beirut Beirut ( ; ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, just under half of Lebanon's population, which makes it the List of largest cities in the Levant region by populatio ...

Mongolia

* Turtle Rock, Gorkhi-Terelj National Park, Töv Aimag/ Nalaikh

Pakistan

* Rock formations at Hingol National Park

Thailand

* Lalu (ละลุ), rock formations caused by erosion at the eastern end of the Sankamphaeng Range in Sa Kaeo Province * Phae Mueang Phi ("Ghost Canyon") near Phrae in the

Phi Pan Nam Range The Phi Pan Nam Range, also Pee Pan Nam, (, ) is a long system of mountain ranges in the eastern half of the Thai highlands. The range lies mostly in Thailand, although a small section in the northeast is within Sainyabuli Province, Sainyabul ...

* Phu Phra Bat Buabok in Udon Thani Province

Turkey

* Paşabağı, Cappadocia * Goreme National Park

Other countries

* Gobustan National Park,

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by ...

* Kyaiktiyo Pagoda,

Mon State Mon State (, ; ) is an administrative division of Myanmar. It lies between Kayin State to the east, the Andaman Sea to the west, Bago Region to the north and Tanintharyi Region to the south, also having a short border with Thailand's Kanchanabu ...

Burma Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and ha ...

* Aphrodite's Rock, Paphos,

Cyprus Cyprus (), officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Situated in West Asia, its cultural identity and geopolitical orientation are overwhelmingly Southeast European. Cyprus is the List of isl ...

* Tanah Lot,

Bali Bali (English:; Balinese language, Balinese: ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller o ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

* Jeti-Ögüz, Jeti-Ögüz district,

Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir Mountains, Pamir mountain ranges. Bishkek is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Kyrgyzstan, largest city. Kyrgyz ...

* Tanjong Bunga, Penang,

Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...

* Al Naslaa rock formation,

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia. Located in the centre of the Middle East, it covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about , making it the List of Asian countries ...

* Long Ya Men,

Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ...

* Seorak-san National Park, Sokcho,

South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone, with the Yellow Sea to the west and t ...

* Yehliu,

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

Halong Bay Halong may refer to: * Ha Long Ha may refer to: Agencies and organizations * Health authority, a former type of administrative organisation of the NHS in England and Wales * Hells Angels Motorcycle Club * Highways Agency (renamed ''Highways En ...

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

File:Wulingyuan 3.jpg, Avatar Mountains, Zhangjiajie National Forest Park in Wulingyuan File:Rousoku-iwa ローソク岩7030096.jpg, Candle Rock (Yoichi, Hokkaidō, Japan) File:Pasabagi.jpg, Paşabağı, Cappadocia Turkey File:Kapurpurawan Rock Formations.jpg, Kapurpurawan Rock Formation in Burgos, Ilocos Norte,

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

File:Punta Matagar.JPG, Punta Matagar rock formation in Banton, Romblon, Philippines File:Apo_Island_rocks.jpg, A rock formation at Apo Island in Dauin, Negros Oriental, Philippines

Africa

Kenya

* Tsavo Rocks

Libya

* Jebel Akhdar

Madagascar

* Andringitra Massif * Tsingy d'Ankarana * Tsingy de Bemaraha * Tsingy de Namoroka * Tsingy Rouge

Mauritania

* Ben Amera

Namibia

* Bogenfels

Nigeria

* Olumo Rock, Abeokuta * Riyom Rock, Jos * Zuma Rock, Abuja

South Africa

* Cedarberg Wilderness Area, Western Cape * Kagga Kamma, Ceres, Western Cape * Three Sisters (Northern Cape) File:Domes de Fabedougou.jpg, Domes de Fabedougou, Burkina Faso File:Les Gorges de Kola4.jpg, Kola Gorge rock structures, Cameroon File:Vingerklip, Ugab Valley (Namibia).jpg, Vingerklip at Ugab Valley in

Namibia Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country on the west coast of Southern Africa. Its borders include the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south; in the no ...

North America

United States

Canada

* Devil's Chair, Lake Superior Provincial Park, Ontario * Flowerpot Island, Georgian Bay, Ontario * Sleeping Giant, Ontario * Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick * Hopewell Rocks, New Brunswick * Gabriola Island, British Columbia * Brady's Beach, Bamfield, British Columbia * Chimney Rock, Marble Canyon, British Columbia * Heron Rocks, Hornby Island, British Columbia * Siwash Rock,

Stanley Park Stanley Park is a public park in British Columbia, Canada, that makes up the northwestern half of Vancouver's Downtown Vancouver, Downtown peninsula, surrounded by waters of Burrard Inlet and English Bay, Vancouver, English Bay. The park bor ...

Vancouver Vancouver is a major city in Western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the cit ...

, British Columbia * Percé Rock, Gaspé, Quebec * Tete d'Indien, Perce, Gaspé, Quebec * Balancing Rock, Long Island, Nova Scotia * Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia * Banff National Park, Alberta * Big Rock, Okotoks, Alberta * Drumheller, Alberta * Walsh, Alberta, see

Medicine Hat Medicine Hat is a city in Southern Alberta, southeast Alberta, Canada. It is located along the South Saskatchewan River. It is approximately east of Lethbridge and southeast of Calgary. This city and the adjacent Town of Redcliff, Alberta, R ...

, Alberta * Main Topsail Hill, near Gaff Topsails, Newfoundland and Labrador * Arches, St. Anthony, Newfoundland and Labrador * Elephant Rock, Prince Edward Island * Giant's Chair, Howard's Cove, Prince Edward Island * Victoria Rock, Yukon

Caribbean

* Ayo Rock Formations, Aruba * Devil's Trail,

Virgin Gorda Virgin Gorda () is the third-largest island (after Tortola and Anegada) and second-most populous of the British Virgin Islands (BVI). Geography Located at about 18 degrees, 30 minutes North, and 64 degrees, 30 minutes West, it covers an area o ...

, British Virgin Islands *

The Baths The Baths is a beach area on the island of Virgin Gorda among the British Virgin Islands in the Caribbean. Geography The Baths is situated about south off Spanish Town, British Virgin Islands, Spanish Town at the southern tip of the island betw ...

, Virgin Gorda, British Virgin Islands * Coki Beach, St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands * Pointe des Châteaux, Grande Terre, Guadeloupe * Diamond Rock (Rocher du Diamant), Martinique

Mexico

Sierra de Organos National Park Sierra (Spanish for "mountain range" or "mountain chain" and "saw", from Latin ''wikt:serra#Latin, serra'') may refer to the following: Places Mountains and mountain ranges * Sierra de Juárez, a mountain range in Baja California, Mexico * Sie ...

, Sombrerete,

Zacatecas Zacatecas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Zacatecas, is one of the Political divisions of Mexico, 31 states of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Zacatecas, 58 municipalities and its capital city is Zacatecas City, Zacatec ...

* Piedras Encimadas Valley, Zacatlán,

Puebla Puebla, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Puebla, is one of the 31 states that, along with Mexico City, comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 217 municipalities and its capital is Puebla City. Part of east-centr ...

* Peña de Bernal, Bernal, Querétaro * Copper Canyon, Chihuahua * Los Arcos Rocks, Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur * Hierve el Agua, San Lorenzo Albarradas

Central America

* Bosque del Cabo, Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica * Los Ladrillos, Boquete, Panama

South America

Argentina

* Quebrada de Humahuaca, Humahuaca * Ongamira Valley, Córdoba * Ischigualasto, San Juan Province * Monte Fitz Roy, El Chalten

Bolivia

* Dali's Desert, Potosi * Valle de Las Rocas, Uyuni * Canon de Duene

Brazil

* Pão de Açúcar ( Sugarloaf Mountain),

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of Rio de Janeiro. It is the List of cities in Brazil by population, second-most-populous city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and the Largest cities in the America ...

* Ponta Grossa, Paraná * Pedra do Jacaré (Aligator Stone),

São Paulo São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the List of cities in Brazil by population, most populous city in Brazil, the List of largest cities in the ...

* Dedo de Deus (God's Finger Rock),

Serra dos Órgãos The Serra dos Órgãos ("Organ Range") is a mountain range in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It contains the Serra dos Órgãos National Park. Location The Serra dos Órgãos is the name of the region of the Serra do Mar in the central ...

* Pedra do Cão Sentado, Nova Friburgo,

* Pedra da Galinha Choca, Quixadá,

Ceará Ceará (, ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region, Brazil, northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast. It is the List of Brazilian states by population, eighth-largest Brazilian State by ...

Chile

* Valle de la Luna, Antofagasta * Playa de la Calabocillos, Constitucion * Silla del Diablo

Colombia

* El Peñón de Guatapé (La Piedra de Peñol), Antioquia * Laguna de La Plaza, Sierra Nevada del Cocuy

Ecuador

* Cerro de Arcos, Loja * Pinnacle Rock, Bartolome Island,

Galápagos Islands The Galápagos Islands () are an archipelago of volcanic islands in the Eastern Pacific, located around the equator, west of the mainland of South America. They form the Galápagos Province of the Republic of Ecuador, with a population of sli ...

Falkland Islands

* Princes Street Stone Run

Paraguay

* Amambay

Peru

* Colca Canyon,

Arequipa Arequipa (; Aymara language, Aymara and ), also known by its nicknames of ''Ciudad Blanca'' (Spanish for "White City") and ''León del Sur'' (Spanish for "South's Lion"), is a city in Peru and the capital of the eponymous Arequipa (province), ...

Uruguay

* Sierra de Mahoma, San José * Cerro Arequita, Lavalleja

Venezuela

* Tepui,

Roraima Roraima ( ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil. Located in the country's North Region, it is the northernmost and most geographically and logistically isolated state in Brazil. It is bordered by the state of Pará to the southeast, Amazonas t ...

, Canaima National Park * Piedras de San Martin, La Vela de Coro, Estado Falcón

Europe

Albania

Bosnia and Herzegovina

* Hajdučka vrata,

Čvrsnica Čvrsnica ( sr-cyrl, Чврсница, ) is a mountain in the Dinaric Alps, Dinarides of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in northern Herzegovina. Most of the mountain is located in the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton municipalities of Mostar and Jabla ...

mountain

Bulgaria

* Basarbovo Monastery,

Rousse Ruse (also transliterated as Rousse, Russe; ) is the List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, fifth-largest city in Bulgaria. Ruse is in the northeastern part of the country, on the right bank of the Danube, opposite the Romanian city of Giurgiu, ...

* Belogradchik Rocks * Iskar Gorge,

Sofia Sofia is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the western part of the country. The city is built west of the Is ...

* Melnik Earth Pyramids, Melnik * Sozopol * Wonderful Bridges * Golden Bridges ('Zlatnite Mostove'),

Vitosha Vitosha ( ), the ancient ''Scomius'' or ''Scombrus'', is a mountain massif, on the outskirts of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. Vitosha is one of the symbols of Sofia and the closest site for hiking, alpinism and skiing. Convenient bus lines and ...

* Golyamata Gramada ('Big Pile'),

* Pobiti Kamani

Croatia

* Paklenica * Bijele stijene (White Rocks) and Samarske stijene (Samar Rocks), Velika Kapela mountain

Czech Republic

* Teplice nad Metují * Medvědí Stezka (Bear's path),

Šumava The Bohemian Forest, known in Czech language, Czech as () and in German language, German as , is a low mountain range in Central Europe. Geographically, the mountains extend from Plzeň Region and the South Bohemian Region in the Czech Republi ...

mountains, Klatovy * Vraní skála, Brdy * Suché skály, Turnov * Hruboskalsko

Denmark

Bornholm Bornholm () is a List of islands of Denmark, Danish island in the Baltic Sea, to the east of the rest of Denmark, south of Sweden, northeast of Germany and north of Poland. Strategically located, Bornholm has been fought over for centuries. I ...

* Fur Formation * Møns Klint, Møn * Gedser Odde, Gedser * Stevns Klint, Eastern

Zealand Zealand ( ) is the largest and most populous islands of Denmark, island in Denmark proper (thus excluding Greenland and Disko Island, which are larger in size) at 7,031 km2 (2715 sq. mi.). Zealand had a population of 2,319,705 on 1 Januar ...

* Cliffs of Sangstrup, Djursland

Estonia

* Vormsi island

Finland

* Närpes * Naantali

France

* Roussillon, Vaucluse * Lesconil,

Brittany Brittany ( ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the north-west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica in Roman Gaul. It became an Kingdom of Brittany, independent kingdom and then a Duch ...

* Les Calanche,

Corsica Corsica ( , , ; ; ) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the Regions of France, 18 regions of France. It is the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of the Metro ...

* Rocher des Doms,

Avignon Avignon (, , ; or , ; ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France. Located on the left bank of the river Rhône, the Communes of France, commune had a ...

* Étretat,

Normandy Normandy (; or ) is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy. Normandy comprises Normandy (administrative region), mainland Normandy (a part of France) and insular N ...

* Cassis, near

Marseille Marseille (; ; see #Name, below) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Bouches-du-Rhône and of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region. Situated in the ...

Provence Provence is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which stretches from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the France–Italy border, Italian border to the east; it is bordered by the Mediterrane ...

Georgia

* Katskhi Pillar

Germany

List of rock formations in the Harz This is a list of rock formations in the Harz. They are known as the Harzklippen (literally "Harz crags" or "Harz cliffs") in German, which is the collective name for the, mainly, granite rock outcrops, crags and tors in the Harz moun ...

* Battert Rocks,

Baden-Baden Baden-Baden () is a spa town in the states of Germany, state of Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest mountain range on the small river Oos (river), Oos, ten kilometres (six miles) east of the ...

Black Forest The Black Forest ( ) is a large forested mountain range in the States of Germany, state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany, bounded by the Rhine Valley to the west and south and close to the borders with France and Switzerland. It is th ...

* Externsteine * Falkenfelsen * Lange Anna, Heligoland * Rotenfels, Nahe, Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg,

Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate ( , ; ; ; ) is a western state of Germany. It covers and has about 4.05 million residents. It is the ninth largest and sixth most populous of the sixteen states. Mainz is the capital and largest city. Other cities are ...

* Teufelsturm, Elbe Sandstone Mountains * Wasgau

Greece

Meteora The Meteora (; , ) is a rock formation in the regional unit of Trikala, in Thessaly, in northwestern Greece, hosting one of the most prominent complexes of Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox monastery, monasteries, viewed locally as se ...

* Monemvasia * Samaria Gorge,

Crete Crete ( ; , Modern Greek, Modern: , Ancient Greek, Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the List of islands by area, 88th largest island in the world and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fifth la ...

* Sarti, Sithonia

Gibraltar

Rock of Gibraltar The Rock of Gibraltar (from the Arabic name Jabal Ṭāriq , meaning "Mountain of Tariq ibn Ziyad, Tariq") is a monolithic limestone mountain high dominating the western entrance to the Mediterranean Sea. It is situated near the end of a nar ...

Bailiwick of Guernsey

* Les Autelets,

Sark Sark (Sercquiais: or , ) is an island in the southwestern English Channel, off the coast of Normandy, and part of the archipelago of the Channel Islands. It is a self-governing British Crown Dependencies, Crown Dependency, with its own set o ...

Channel Islands The Channel Islands are an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy. They are divided into two Crown Dependencies: the Jersey, Bailiwick of Jersey, which is the largest of the islands; and the Bailiwick of Guernsey, ...

* Telegraph Bay,

Alderney Alderney ( ; ; ) is the northernmost of the inhabited Channel Islands. It is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a British Crown Dependencies, Crown dependency. It is long and wide. The island's area is , making it the third-largest isla ...

, Channel Islands

Iceland

* Vestmannaeyjar * Jokulsa Canyon National Park, Mývatn * Dimmuborgir, Mývatn * Dyrhólaey * Eystrahorn, Hvalnes

Ireland

* Beara Peninsula, Bantry, County Cork * Skellig Rocks,

Iveragh Peninsula The Iveragh Peninsula () is located in County Kerry in Republic of Ireland, Ireland. It is the largest peninsula in southwestern Ireland. A mountain range, the MacGillycuddy's Reeks, lies in the centre of the peninsula. Carrauntoohil, its hig ...

, County Kerry * Gap of Dunloe,

Killarney Killarney ( ; , meaning 'church of sloes') is a town in County Kerry, southwestern Republic of Ireland, Ireland. The town is on the northeastern shore of Lough Leane, part of Killarney National Park, and is home to St Mary's Cathedral, Killar ...

, County Kerry * Tory Island, County Donegal * Achill Island, County Mayo * Answering Stone, County Waterford

Italy

Pietra di Bismantova, Italy * Il Gargano, Vieste,

Apulia Apulia ( ), also known by its Italian language, Italian name Puglia (), is a Regions of Italy, region of Italy, located in the Southern Italy, southern peninsular section of the country, bordering the Adriatic Sea to the east, the Strait of Ot ...

* Palmarola,

Sicily Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy, regions of Italy. With 4. ...

* Pietra di Bismantova, Reggiano Apennines * Valle Seriana,

Bergamo Bergamo ( , ; ) is a city in the Alps, alpine Lombardy region of northern Italy, approximately northeast of Milan, and about from the alpine lakes Lake Como, Como and Lake Iseo, Iseo and 70 km (43 mi) from Lake Garda, Garda and Lake ...

Lombardy The Lombardy Region (; ) is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population. Lombardy is ...

* Golfo di Orosei, Cala Luna, Monte Tiscali,

Sardinia Sardinia ( ; ; ) is the Mediterranean islands#By area, second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the Regions of Italy, twenty regions of Italy. It is located west of the Italian Peninsula, north of Tunisia an ...

* Tarpeian Rock * The thrown stones, Lazio

Latvia

* Vidzeme * Pusena Kalns, Bartava

North Macedonia

* Stone town of Kuklica * Markovi Kuli

Malta

* Dwerja,

Gozo Gozo ( ), known in classical antiquity, antiquity as Gaulos, is an island in the Malta#The Maltese archipelago, Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. The island is part of the Republic of Malta. After the Malta Island, island of Malta ...

* Dingli Cliffs, Dingli * Malta Escarpment (underwater)

Isle of Man

* Glen Maye,

Isle of Man The Isle of Man ( , also ), or Mann ( ), is a self-governing British Crown Dependency in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland. As head of state, Charles III holds the title Lord of Mann and is represented by a Lieutenant Govern ...

Norway

* Skude, Beiningen,

Haugaland Haugaland or Haugalandet is a traditional district situated on the western coast of Norway. Haugaland is one of the 15 traditional districts located within the Vestlandet region. Geographically, Haugaland is a peninsula between Bømlafjorden i ...

* Geirangerfjord * Preikestolen * Kjerag * Troll Wall * Nigardsbreen, part of the larger glacier

Jostedalsbreen Jostedal Glacier or is the largest glacier in continental Europe. It is in Vestland county in Western Norway. Jostedalsbreen lies in the municipalities of Luster, Sogndal, Sunnfjord, and Stryn. The highest peak in the area is Lodalskåpa a ...

* Sommarøy,

Tromsø Tromsø is a List of towns and cities in Norway, city in Tromsø Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The city is the administrative centre of the municipality as well as the administrative centre of Troms county. The city is located on the is ...

* Jutulhogget (Rondane) * Trolltunga

Poland

* Cudgel of Hercules – monadrock in Ojców National Park * Mnich * Słoneczna * Kościeliska Valley, Western Tatras * Dunajec River Gorge, Zakopane

Portugal

* Ponta da Piedade,

Lagos Lagos ( ; ), or Lagos City, is a large metropolitan city in southwestern Nigeria. With an upper population estimated above 21 million dwellers, it is the largest city in Nigeria, the most populous urban area on the African continent, and on ...

Algarve The Algarve (, , ) is the southernmost NUTS statistical regions of Portugal, NUTS II region of continental Portugal. It has an area of with 467,495 permanent inhabitants and incorporates 16 municipalities (concelho, ''concelhos'' or ''município ...

* Albufeira * Porto Moniz,

Madeira Madeira ( ; ), officially the Autonomous Region of Madeira (), is an autonomous Regions of Portugal, autonomous region of Portugal. It is an archipelago situated in the North Atlantic Ocean, in the region of Macaronesia, just under north of ...

* Ponta de Sao Lourenco, Madeira

Romania

Apuseni Mountains The Apuseni Mountains (, "Western Mountains"; , "Transylvanian Mountains") are a mountain range in Transylvania, Romania, which belongs to the Western Romanian Carpathians. The highest peak is the Bihor Peak at . The Apuseni Mountains have ab ...

: Detunatele *

Bucegi Mountains The Bucegi Mountains ( ) are located in central Romania, south of the city of Brașov. They are part of the Southern Carpathians group of the Carpathian Mountains. At , ''Omu Peak, Omu'' is its highest point. To the east, the Bucegi Mountains ha ...

: Babele, The Sphinx * Ciucaș Mountains: ''Porumbelul Bratocei'', ''Colții Bratocei'', ''Turnul Goliat'', ''Babele la sfat'', etc. * Făgăraş Mountains: ''Fereastra zmeilor'' * Hășmaș Mountains: ''Piatra singuratică'' * Piatra Craiului Mountains: ''La zaplaz'', ''Cerdacul Stanciului'', ''Turnul/Degetul lui Anghelide'' * Gorges: Bicaz Gorge, Turda Gorge, Danube's Iron Gate (includes ''Babacai Rock''), ''Cheile Dobrogei'', ''Cheile Sohodolului'', ''Cheile Doftanei (aka Brebului)'' * Piatra Secuiului in Alba County * ''Piatra Verde (or Muntele Verde)'' and the ''Salt Mountain'' in Slănic * Râpa Roșie

Russia

* The Three Brothers, Busani, Buryatia * Kamen Shahtai,

Lake Baikal Lake Baikal is a rift lake and the deepest lake in the world. It is situated in southern Siberia, Russia between the Federal subjects of Russia, federal subjects of Irkutsk Oblast, Irkutsk Oblasts of Russia, Oblast to the northwest and the Repu ...

* Kisilyakh Range,

Yakutia Sakha, officially the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), is a republics of Russia, republic of Russia, and the largest federal subject of Russia by area. It is located in the Russian Far East, along the Arctic Ocean, with a population of one million ...

, topped by kigilyakh formations * Kisilyakh-Tas, Yakutia, topped by kigilyakh formations * Kontalaksky Golets,

Zabaykalsky Krai Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai, Chita. As of the Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census, the population was ...

* Kyun-Tas, Yakutia, topped by kigilyakh formations *

Lena Cheeks The Lena Cheeks () is the name of a stretch of the Lena (river), Lena with peculiar rock formations in Kirensky District, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. This feature of the Lena basin is a tourist attraction regularly visited by river cruiser ''Mikhail S ...

, Irkutsk Oblast * Lena Pillars, Yakutia * Monrepo Park, Vyborg, St. Petersburg * Stolby National Park,

Krasnoyarsk Krai Krasnoyarsk Krai (, ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after ...

* Sail Rock, Krasnodar Krai * Taganay National Park, Chelyabinsk * Ulakhan-Sis, Yakutia, topped by kigilyakh formations

Serbia

* Đavolja Varoš (Devil's Town)The Djavolja Varos (Devil's Town) Natural Landmark
UNESCO World Heritage * Prskalo waterfall, Kučaj mountains * Vratna Gates three natural stone bridges * Đavoljev kamen near

Trgovište Trgovište ( sr-cyr, Трговиште) is a town and municipality located in the Pčinja District of southern Serbia. According to 2022 census, the population of the town is 1,711, while population of the municipality is 4,316. Settlements As ...

Spain

* Los Roques de Garcia, Tenerife Island, Canary Islands * Las Canades, Tenerife Island, Canary Islands * Ciudad Encantada, Castilla–La Mancha * Picuezo and Picueza, Autol, La Rioja * Fuente de los Azulejos, Gran Canaria Island, Canary Islands * El Torcal de Antequera and Peña de los Enamorados, Antequera, Andalusia, a World Heritages Sites * Roque Nublo, Gran Canaria Island,

Canary Islands The Canary Islands (; ) or Canaries are an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean and the southernmost Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous Community of Spain. They are located in the northwest of Africa, with the closest point to the cont ...

Montserrat Montserrat ( , ) is a British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. It is part of the Leeward Islands, the northern portion of the Lesser Antilles chain of the West Indies. Montserrat is about long and wide, wit ...

, Catalonia * Roques de Benet, Ports de Beseit, Catalonia * Los Callejones de Las Majadas, Serranía de Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha * El Guerrero Romano, Sierra Carrascosa, Aragon * Mallos de Riglos, Las Peñas de Riglos, Aragon * Peña Bajenza in La Rioja * Las Médulas,

Province of León León (, ; ; ; ) is a province of northwestern Spain in the northern part of the Region of León and in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. About one quarter of its population of 463,746 (2018) lives in the c ...

, site of Roman gold mines * La Peña, Arcos de la Frontera, Andalusia *

Peñón de Ifach Penyal d'Ifac Natural Park (, ) is a natural park (Spain), natural park situated in Calpe, in the Valencian Community, Spain. The Penyal d'Ifac is a massive limestone outcrop emerging from the sea and linked to the shore by an isthmus of rock d ...

, Calpe,

Valencian Community The Valencian Community is an Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain. It is the fourth most populous Spanish Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community after Andalusia, Catalonia and the Community of Madrid wit ...

Sweden

* The islands

Gotland Gotland (; ; ''Gutland'' in Gutnish), also historically spelled Gottland or Gothland (), is Sweden's largest island. It is also a Provinces of Sweden, province/Counties of Sweden, county (Swedish län), Municipalities of Sweden, municipality, a ...

Fårö Fårö () or in Gutnish is a Baltic Sea island just north of the island of Gotland, itself off mainland Sweden's southeastern coast. It is the second-largest island in the county and it is a popular summer resort. It has its own language, Fårö ...

and Öland have many coastal stretches with stack formations. * Busten, Glaskogens Nature Reserve, Kalleboda * Stegborgsgarden, Stegborg * Stenhamra,

Uppland Uppland is a historical province or ' on the eastern coast of Sweden, just north of Stockholm, the capital. It borders Södermanland, Västmanland and Gästrikland. It is also bounded by lake Mälaren and the Baltic Sea. The name literally ...

Switzerland

* Mount Pilatus * Val dal Botsch

Slovakia

* Lehotské skaly, near Handlová * Haligovské skaly, near Stará Ľubovňa * Súľovské skaly (part of the Súľovské vrchy Mountains) * Zelené Pleso Valley (in the High Tatras) * Devin Castle, Devin

Ukraine

* Hoverla, Carpathian Mountains * Nikita, Ukraine, Yalta * Skaly Taraktasky,

Crimea Crimea ( ) is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukrain ...

* Karadag, Crimea * Cape Fiolent, Sevastopol

United Kingdom

Oceania

Australia

* The Three Sisters, Katoomba – Blue Mountains,

New South Wales New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South ...

* Devils Marbles,

Northern Territory The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT; known formally as the Northern Territory of Australia and informally as the Territory) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian internal territory in the central and central-northern regi ...

* Kata Tjuta, also known as The Olgas, Northern Territory * Rainbow Valley, Northern Territory *

Uluru Uluru (; ), also known as Ayers Rock ( ) and officially gazetted as UluruAyers Rock, is a large sandstone monolith. It outcrop, crops out near the centre of Australia in the southern part of the Northern Territory, south-west of Alice Spri ...

, also known as Ayers Rock, Northern Territory * Murphys Haystacks, Nullarbor Desert,

South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a States and territories of Australia, state in the southern central part of Australia. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, which in ...

* Remarkable Rocks, South Australia *

Twelve Apostles In Christian theology and ecclesiology, the apostles, particularly the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Twelve Disciples or simply the Twelve), were the primary disciples of Jesus according to the New Testament. During the life and minist ...

, Great Ocean Road, Victoria * Mount Augustus,

Western Australia Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...

* Pinnacles Desert, Nambung National Park, Western Australia * Wave Rock, Hyden, Western Australia

New Zealand

* Castle Hill Basin,

Canterbury Canterbury (, ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, in the county of Kent, England; it was a county borough until 1974. It lies on the River Stour, Kent, River Stour. The city has a mild oceanic climat ...

* Koutu Boulders,

Hokianga The Hokianga is an area surrounding the Hokianga Harbour, also known as the Hokianga River, a long Estuary, estuarine drowned valley on the west coast in the north of the North Island of New Zealand. The original name, still used by local Mā ...

* Māori Bay giant pillow lava, Muriwai *

, Piha * Moeraki Boulders,

Otago Otago (, ; ) is a regions of New Zealand, region of New Zealand located in the southern half of the South Island and administered by the Otago Regional Council. It has an area of approximately , making it the country's second largest local go ...

* The Nuggets, Catlins Coast, Otago * Pancake Rocks, Punakaiki * Putangirua Pinnacles,

Wairarapa The Wairarapa (; ), a geographical region of New Zealand, lies in the south-eastern corner of the North Island, east of metropolitan Wellington and south-west of the Hawke's Bay Region. It is lightly populated, having several rural service t ...

* Stony Batter, Waiheke Island * Truman Track Beach, Punakaiki * Horeke basalts, Hokianga * Gog and Magog, southern Stewart Island / Rakiura

Other countries

* Fatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands,

French Polynesia French Polynesia ( ; ; ) is an overseas collectivity of France and its sole #Governance, overseas country. It comprises 121 geographically dispersed islands and atolls stretching over more than in the Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean. The t ...

* Moso's Footprint,

Samoa Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa and known until 1997 as Western Samoa, is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania, in the South Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu), two smaller, inhabited ...

* Talava Arches, Niue, South Pacific

References

External links

* * * https://ocre-geoscience.com/ocre-geomap/ {{portal bar, Earth sciences, Geology Erosion landforms rock formations

Asia

Armenia

China

Hong Kong

Jordan

India

Israel

Lebanon

Mongolia

Pakistan

Thailand

Turkey

Other countries

Africa

Kenya

Libya

Madagascar

Mauritania

Namibia

Nigeria

South Africa

North America

United States

Canada

Caribbean

Mexico

Central America

South America

Argentina

Bolivia

Brazil

Chile

Colombia

Ecuador

Falkland Islands

Paraguay

Peru

Uruguay

Venezuela

Europe

Albania

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Croatia

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Georgia

Germany

Greece

Gibraltar

Bailiwick of Guernsey

Iceland

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

North Macedonia

Malta

Isle of Man

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Russia

Serbia

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Slovakia

Ukraine

United Kingdom

Oceania

Australia

New Zealand

Other countries

See also

References

External links