''Queen Anne's Revenge'' was an early-18th-century ship, most famously used as a

flagship A flagship is a vessel used by the commanding officer of a group of navy, naval ships, characteristically a flag officer entitled by custom to fly a distinguishing flag. Used more loosely, it is the lead ship in a fleet of vessels, typically ...

by Edward Teach, better known by his nickname

Blackbeard Edward Teach (or Thatch; – 22 November 1718), better known as Blackbeard, was an English pirate who operated around the West Indies and the eastern coast of Britain's North American colonies. Little is known about his early life, but he ma ...

. The date and place of the ship's construction are uncertain, and there is no record of its actions prior to 1710 when it was operating as a French privateer as ''La Concorde''. Surviving features of the ship's construction strongly suggest it was built by French shipwrights, based on differences in fastening patterns in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. After several years of French service, both as a naval

frigate A frigate () is a type of warship. In different eras, the roles and capabilities of ships classified as frigates have varied. The name frigate in the 17th to early 18th centuries was given to any full-rigged ship built for speed and maneuvera ...

and as a merchant vessel – much of that time as a

slave ship Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting Slavery, slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea ( ...

– she was captured by Blackbeard in 1717. Blackbeard used the ship for less than a year, but captured numerous prizes using her as his flagship. In May 1718, Blackbeard ran the ship aground at Topsail Inlet, now known as Beaufort Inlet,

North Carolina North Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia (U.S. stat ...

, United States, in present-day Carteret County. After the grounding, her crew and supplies were transferred to smaller ships. In 1996, Intersal Inc., a private firm, discovered the remains of a vessel that was later determined to be ''Queen Anne's Revenge'', which was added to the U.S.

National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government's official United States National Register of Historic Places listings, list of sites, buildings, structures, Hist ...

. The shipwreck was discovered off Beaufort Inlet,

History

The ship that would be known as ''Queen Anne's Revenge'' was a 200-ton vessel believed to have been built in 1710. She was handed over to

René Duguay-Trouin René Trouin, Sieur du Gué, also known as René Duguay-Trouin (; 10 June 1673 – 27 September 1736), was a French Navy officer and privateer best known for his service in the War of the Spanish Succession. Successful in his military care ...

and employed in his service for some time before being converted into a

, then operated by the leading slave trader René Montaudin of

Nantes Nantes (, ; ; or ; ) is a city in the Loire-Atlantique department of France on the Loire, from the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast. The city is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, sixth largest in France, with a pop ...

, until sold in 1713 in Peru or Chile. She was briefly re-acquired by the

French Navy The French Navy (, , ), informally (, ), is the Navy, maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the four military service branches of History of France, France. It is among the largest and most powerful List of navies, naval forces i ...

in November 1716, but was sold by them for commerce five months later in

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

, again for use as a slaver. She was captured by Blackbeard and his pirates on 28 November 1717, near the island of

Martinique Martinique ( ; or ; Kalinago language, Kalinago: or ) is an island in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the eastern Caribbean Sea. It was previously known as Iguanacaera which translates to iguana island in Carib language, Kariʼn ...

in the

West Indies The West Indies is an island subregion of the Americas, surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, which comprises 13 independent island country, island countries and 19 dependent territory, dependencies in thr ...

. After selling her cargo of slaves at

, Blackbeard made the vessel his

, added more heavy

cannon A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during th ...

s and renamed her ''Queen Anne's Revenge''. The name may come from the

War of the Spanish Succession The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict fought between 1701 and 1714. The immediate cause was the death of the childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700, which led to a struggle for control of the Spanish E ...

, known in the Americas as

Queen Anne's War Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) or the Third Indian War was one in a series of French and Indian Wars fought in North America involving the colonial empires of Great Britain, France, and Spain; it took place during the reign of Anne, Queen of Gr ...

, in which Blackbeard may have served in the

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...

, or possibly from sympathy for the Jacobite cause ( Queen Anne being the last Stuart monarch). Blackbeard sailed this ship from the west coast of Africa to the Caribbean, attacking British, Dutch, and Portuguese merchant ships along the way. Shortly after blockading Charleston harbor in May 1718, and refusing to accept the Governor's offer of the King's Pardon, Blackbeard ran ''Queen Anne's Revenge'' aground while entering Beaufort Inlet,

, on 10 June 1718. A deposition given by David Herriot, the former captain of the sloop ''Adventure'', states "Thatch's each'sship ''Queen Anne's Revenge'' run a-ground off of the Bar of Topsail-Inlet." He also states that ''Adventure'' "run a-ground likewise about Gun-shot from the said Thatch" in an attempt to kedge ''Queen Anne's Revenge'' off the bar.D. Moore. (1997) "A General History of Blackbeard the Pirate, the Queen Anne's Revenge and the Adventure". In ''Tributaries'', Volume VII, 1997. pp. 31–35. (North Carolina Maritime History Council) Blackbeard then disbanded his flotilla and escaped by transferring supplies onto the smaller ''Adventure''. He stranded several crew members on a small island nearby, where they were later rescued by Captain

Stede Bonnet Stede Bonnet (c. 1688 – 10 December 1718) was an English pirate who was known as the Gentleman Pirate because he was a moderately wealthy landowner before turning to a life of crime. Bonnet was born into a wealthy English family on the is ...

. Some suggest Blackbeard deliberately grounded the ship as an excuse to disperse the crew. Shortly afterward, he surrendered and accepted the King's Pardon for himself and his remaining crewmen from Governor Charles Eden at

Bath, North Carolina Bath is a town in Beaufort County, North Carolina, United States. Located on the Pamlico River, it developed a trade in naval stores, furs, and tobacco. The population was 245 at the 2020 census. North Carolina's first town and port of entry ...

. However, Blackbeard returned to piracy later that year and was killed in combat in November 1718.

Discovery and excavation

Intersal Inc., a private research firm, discovered the wreck believed to be ''Queen Anne's Revenge'' on 21 November 1996. It was located by Intersal's director of operations, Mike Daniel, who used historical research provided by the company's president, Phil Masters and maritime archaeologist David Moore. The shipwreck lies in 28 feet (8.5 m) of water about one mile (1.6 km) offshore of Fort Macon State Park (34°41′44″N 76°41′20″W), Atlantic Beach, North Carolina. On 3 March 1997,

Jim Hunt James Baxter Hunt Jr. (born May 16, 1937) is an American politician and retired attorney who was the List of governors of North Carolina, 69th and 71st governor of North Carolina (1977–1985, and 1993–2001). He is the longest-serving governo ...

, the governor of North Carolina, held a press conference in Raleigh, North Carolina. He stated: "The state of North Carolina is working to protect the site and will do everything we can to that end. We look forward to the day when all North Carolinians can see these exciting artifacts for themselves." Thirty cannons have been identified to date and more than 300,000 artifacts have been recovered. The cannons are of different origins including Sweden and England, and of different sizes as would be expected with a colonial pirate crew. For one week in 2000 and 2001, live underwater video of the project was

webcast A webcast is a media presentation distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. A webcast may either be distributed live or on demand. Essentially, webca ...

to the

Internet The Internet (or internet) is the Global network, global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a internetworking, network of networks ...

as a part of the ''QAR DiveLive'' educational program that reached thousands of children around the world. Created and co-produced by Nautilus Productions and Marine Grafics, this project enabled students to talk to scientists and learn about methods and technologies utilized by the underwater archaeology team. In November 2006 and 2007, more artifacts were discovered at the site and brought to the surface. The additional artifacts appear to support the claim that the wreck is that of ''Queen Anne's Revenge''. Among evidence to support this theory is that the cannons were found loaded. In addition, there were more cannons than would be expected for a ship of this size, and the cannons were of different makes. Depth markings on the part of the stern that was recovered point to it having been made according to the French foot measurements. Markings found on a cannon and a bronze bell are engraved with dates prior to 1718, further supporting that the wreck is ''Queen Anne's Revenge''. By the end of 2007, approximately one third of the wreck was fully excavated. Part of the hull of the ship, including much of the

keel The keel is the bottom-most longitudinal structural element of a watercraft, important for stability. On some sailboats, it may have a fluid dynamics, hydrodynamic and counterbalancing purpose as well. The keel laying, laying of the keel is often ...

and part of the

stern The stern is the back or aft-most part of a ship or boat, technically defined as the area built up over the sternpost, extending upwards from the counter rail to the taffrail. The stern lies opposite the bow, the foremost part of a ship. O ...

post, has survived. The stern post was recovered in November 2007. The NCDNCR set up the website ''Queen Anne's Revenge'' to build on intense public interest in the finds. Artifacts recovered in 2008 include loose ceramic and pewter fragments, lead strainer fragments, a nesting weight, cannon apron, ballast stones, a

sword A sword is an edged and bladed weapons, edged, bladed weapon intended for manual cutting or thrusting. Its blade, longer than a knife or dagger, is attached to a hilt and can be straight or curved. A thrusting sword tends to have a straighter ...

guard and a coin. Goals during the 2010 field season included staging of one of the ship's largest main deck cannons to the large artifact holding area on site, taking corrosion readings from anchors and cannons undergoing ''

in situ is a Latin phrase meaning 'in place' or 'on site', derived from ' ('in') and ' ( ablative of ''situs'', ). The term typically refers to the examination or occurrence of a process within its original context, without relocation. The term is use ...

'' corrosion treatment, attaching aluminum-alloy

anode An anode usually is an electrode of a polarized electrical device through which conventional current enters the device. This contrasts with a cathode, which is usually an electrode of the device through which conventional current leaves the devic ...

s to the remaining anchors and cannons so as to begin their ''in situ'' corrosion treatment and continuing site excavations. In 2011, the anchor from the ship was brought to the surface, along with a range of makeshift weaponry including langrage or canister shot. On 29 August 2011, the

National Geographic Society The National Geographic Society, headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest nonprofit scientific and educational organizations in the world. Founded in 1888, its interests include geography, archaeology, natural sc ...

reported that the State of North Carolina had confirmed the shipwreck as ''Queen Anne's Revenge'', reversing a conclusion previously maintained because of a lack of conclusive evidence. Specific artifacts that support this conclusion include a brass coin weight bearing the bust of Queen Anne of Great Britain, cast during her reign (1702–1714); the stem of a wine glass decorated with diamonds and tiny embossed crowns, made to commemorate the 1714 coronation of Queen Anne's successor, King George I; the remains of a French hunting sword featuring a bust that closely resembles King Louis XV, who claimed the French throne in 1715; and a urethral syringe for treating

venereal disease A sexually transmitted infection (STI), also referred to as a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and the older term venereal disease (VD), is an infection that is spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex, or ...

s with a control mark indicating manufacture between 1707 and 1715 in Paris, France. On 21 June 2013, the National Geographic Society reported recovery of two cannons from ''Queen Anne's Revenge''. Several months later, on 28 October, archaeologists recovered five more cannons from the wreck. The 23rd of 30 cannons identified at the wreck site was recovered on 24 October 2014. The gun is approximately long, weighs over and may be a sister to a Swedish gun that was previously recovered. Nine cannonballs, bar shot halves, an iron bolt and a grenado were also recovered during the 2014 field season. In January 2018, sixteen fragments of paper were identified after being recovered from sludge inside a cannon. The scraps were from a copy of the book '' A Voyage to the South Sea, and Round the World, Perform'd in the Years 1708, 1709, 1710 and 1711'' by Captain Edward Cooke, in which Cooke travels under

Woodes Rogers Woodes Rogers ( – 15 July 1732) was an English sea captain, privateer and colonial administrator who served as the List of governors of the Bahamas, governor of the Bahamas from 1718 to 1721 and again from 1728 to 1732. He is remembered ...

; it is likely the pages were torn from the book and used as

wadding Wadding is a disc of material used in guns to seal gas behind a projectile (a bullet or ball), or to separate the propellant from loosely packed shots. Wadding can be crucial to a gun's efficiency, since any gas that leaks past a projectile ...

in that cannon. A portion of the objects and artifacts found at the shipwreck have been given on long-term loan to the Smithsonian and are on display in the

National Museum of American History The National Museum of American History: Kenneth E. Behring Center is a historical museum in Washington, D.C. It collects, preserves, and displays the heritage of the United States in the areas of social, political, cultural, scientific, and m ...

. Additionally, some artifacts have been loaned to the Musée national de la Marine in Paris. In total, 24 of 30 known cannons have been excavated. Of these, six cast-iron cannons bear founder's marks or proof marks indicative of a specific nation of origin. One -pounder carries an English proof mark, a 4-pounder carries an English proof mark and the founder's mark for Major John Fuller (1652–1722) of the Heathfield Furnace in

East Sussex East Sussex is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South East England. It is bordered by Kent to the north-east, West Sussex to the west, Surrey to the north-west, and the English Channel to the south. The largest settlement ...

, and four 1-pounders carry founder's markings for Jesper Eliaeson Ehrencreutz at works in

Södermanland Södermanland ( ), locally Sörmland, sometimes referred to under its Latinisation of names, Latinized form Sudermannia or Sudermania, is a Provinces of Sweden, historical province (or ) on the south eastern coast of Sweden. It borders Österg� ...

, Sweden. Two of the Ehrendal cannons also carry legible date marks for 1713. Although there are thirty known cannons from the wreck, it is estimated that Blackbeard added around forty cannons, all in varying sizes.

Ownership and legal controversies

Recognizing the significance of ''Queen Anne's Revenge'', the North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources (NCDNCR), Intersal, and Maritime Research Institute (MRI) entered into a memorandum of agreement in 1998. Intersal agreed to forgo entitlement to any coins and precious metals recovered from the wreck site in order that all artifacts remain as one intact collection, and in order for NCDNCR to determine the ultimate disposition of the artifacts. In return, Intersal was granted media, replica, and other rights related to an entity known as Blackbeard's Queen Anne's Revenge Shipwreck Project; MRI was granted joint artifact touring rights with NCDNCR, Intersal, and Rick Allen of Nautilus Productions signed a settlement agreement on 24 October 2013, connected to commercial, replica, and promotional opportunities for the benefit of ''Queen Anne's Revenge''. The State of North Carolina owns the wreck since it lies in state waters (within the three-mile limit). Archaeological recovery ceased on the shipwreck after the 2015 season because of lawsuits filed against the State of North Carolina, the NCDNCR, and the Friends of the ''Queen Anne's Revenge'' nonprofit. Intersal, which discovered the ''Queen Anne's Revenge,'' filed suit in state court over contract violations. In a unanimous decision on 2 November 2019, the

North Carolina Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the State of North Carolina is the state of North Carolina's highest appellate court. Until the creation of the North Carolina Court of Appeals in the 1960s, it was the state's only appellate court. The Supreme Court consists ...

affirmed Intersal's complaint and voted to send the lawsuit back to complex business court for reconsideration. On 23 February 2023 the judge in the case issued a ruling in favor of Intersal which granted them permission to proceed to a jury trial sometime in 2024. In 2013 and 2015, the state government of North Carolina uploaded videos of the wreck of the ''Queen Anne's Revenge'' to its website without permission. As a result, Nautilus Productions, the company documenting the recovery since 1998, filed suit in federal court over

copyright A copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive legal right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work, usually for a limited time. The creative work may be in a literary, artistic, ...

violations and the passage of " Blackbeard's Law" by the North Carolina legislature. Before posting the videos the North Carolina Legislature passed "Blackbeard's Law", N.C. General Statute §121-25(b), which stated, "All photographs, video recordings, or other documentary materials of a derelict vessel or shipwreck or its contents, relics, artifacts, or historic materials in the custody of any agency of North Carolina government or its subdivisions shall be a public record pursuant to Chapter 132 of the General Statutes." On 5 November 2019, the

U.S. Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that turn on question ...

heard oral arguments in '' Allen v. Cooper''. On 23 March 2020, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of North Carolina and struck down the

Copyright Remedy Clarification Act The Copyright Remedy Clarification Act (CRCA) is a United States copyright law that attempted to abrogate sovereign immunity of states for copyright infringement. The CRCA amended 17 USC 511(a): Unconstitutionality The CRCA has been struck ...

, which Congress passed in 1989 to attempt to curb such infringements of copyright by states. After the ruling, Nautilus filed a motion for reconsideration in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina. On 18 August 2021 Judge Terrence Boyle granted the motion for reconsideration which North Carolina promptly appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. The 4th Circuit denied the state's motion on 14 October 2022. Nautilus then filed their second amended complaint on 8 February 2023 alleging 5th and 14th Amendment violations of Nautilus' constitutional rights, additional copyright violations, and claiming that North Carolina's "Blackbeard's Law" represents a

Bill of Attainder A bill of attainder (also known as an act of attainder, writ of attainder, or bill of pains and penalties) is an act of a legislature declaring a person, or a group of people, guilty of some crime, and providing for a punishment, often without a ...

. Eight years after the passage of Blackbeard's Law, on 30 June 2023, North Carolina Gov. Roy Cooper signed a bill repealing the law. Intersal, Inc.'s lawsuit continues in the North Carolina Business Court with a trial date set for 4 November 2024. Possible damages in the case could run from $15.6 million to $259.3 million.

National Register of Historic Places

''Queen Anne's Revenge'' was added to the

in 2004. The reference number is 04000148. It is listed as owned by the State of North Carolina and located South of Beaufort Inlet, N.C. The wreck site is designated 31CR314 by the state of North Carolina.

In popular culture

* "Queen Anne's Revenge" is the title of a song by American Celtic punk band

Flogging Molly Flogging Molly is an Irish-American seven-piece Celtic punk band formed in Los Angeles in 1997, led by Irish vocalist Dave King, formerly of the hard rock band Fastway. They are signed to their own record label, Borstal Beat Records. Histor ...

, from their 2004 album ''

Within a Mile of Home ''Within a Mile of Home'' is the third studio album by the Celtic punk band Flogging Molly. Released in 2004, the album reached No. 20 on the U.S. Billboard Top 200 chart and No. 1 on the Independent Music chart. The album is dedicated to Joe ...

''. * "Queen Anne's Revenge" is a

jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its roots are in blues, ragtime, European harmony, African rhythmic rituals, spirituals, h ...

song recorded by The Sean J. Kennedy Quartet featuring drummer Liberty DeVitto. * ''Queen Anne's Revenge'' appears in the 2011 film '' Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides'', portrayed by ''Sunset'', a ship which previously portrayed the '' Black Pearl'' in the film's predecessors: '' Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest'' and '' Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End''. This incarnation of the ship was shown to shoot

Greek fire Greek fire was an incendiary weapon system used by the Byzantine Empire from the seventh to the fourteenth centuries. The recipe for Greek fire was a closely-guarded state secret; historians have variously speculated that it was based on saltp ...

from its prow. ''Queen Anne's Revenge'' also appeared in the '' Pirates of the Caribbean Online''

video game A video game or computer game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface or input device (such as a joystick, game controller, controller, computer keyboard, keyboard, or motion sensing device) to generate visual fe ...

. The ship returned in the 2017 film '' Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales'' where it served as the flagship of

Hector Barbossa Captain Hector Barbossa is a fictional character of the '' Pirates of the Caribbean'' franchise, depicted by Geoffrey Rush and appearing in all five films in the series. Barbossa debuted in '' The Curse of the Black Pearl'' (2003) as the capta ...

's pirate fleet. * It appears in the video game '' Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag'' by

Ubisoft Ubisoft Entertainment SA (; ; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA) is a French video game publisher headquartered in Saint-Mandé with development studios across the world. Its video game franchises include '' Anno'', '' Assassin's Creed'', ' ...

. The ship is briefly playable during a mission to assist Blackbeard. * It appears in

Rick Riordan Richard Russell Riordan Jr. ( ; born June 5, 1964) is an American author, best known for writing the ''Percy Jackson & the Olympians'' series. Riordan's books have been translated into forty-two languages and sold more than thirty million cop ...

's 2006 novel '' The Sea of Monsters'', in which Percy Jackson and Annabeth Chase find the ship docked on

Circe In Greek mythology, Circe (; ) is an enchantress, sometimes considered a goddess or a nymph. In most accounts, Circe is described as the daughter of the sun god Helios and the Oceanid Perse (mythology), Perse. Circe was renowned for her vast kn ...

's island and steal it to sail through the Sea of Monsters, the ship's crew having been captured by Circe long before and transformed into hamsters. As the son of

Poseidon Poseidon (; ) is one of the twelve Olympians in ancient Greek religion and mythology, presiding over the sea, storms, earthquakes and horses.Burkert 1985pp. 136–139 He was the protector of seafarers and the guardian of many Hellenic cit ...

, Percy proves to be able to sail the ''Queen Anne's Revenge'' through just his willpower alone. It is sunk near the end of the book by

Polyphemus Polyphemus (; , ; ) is the one-eyed giant son of Poseidon and Thoosa in Greek mythology, one of the Cyclopes described in Homer's ''Odyssey''. His name means "abounding in songs and legends", "many-voiced" or "very famous". Polyphemus first ap ...

who hits it with giant boulders. * The ship appears in the 2018 '' DC's Legends of Tomorrow'' episode "The Curse of the Earth Totem". * The ship also appears in the 2004 remake of the video game '' Sid Meier's Pirates!'' at first as an NPC ship captained by Blackbeard, but which can be captured and used as a player ship if the player defeats Blackbeard in battle. * '' Lego Pirates of the Caribbean'' also features ''Queen Anne's Revenge''. * The ship is used by Blackbeard in the third and fourth season of the TV series '' Black Sails'' (2014–2017). * "Месть королевы Анны" (Russian for Queen Anne's Revenge) is the title of a song by Russian Rock band

Aquarium An aquarium (: aquariums or aquaria) is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed. fishkeeping, Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquati ...

, from their album ''Tor''. * '' Queen Anne's Revenge'' is featured in the mobile game ''Fate/Grand Order'' as Blackbeard's Noble Phantasm. * "Queen Anne's Revenge" is the title of a song by jazz bassist, Russell Hall, featured on his album "Black Caesar", which features various pirate-themed jazz compositions. The titular song features jazz guitar legend Mark Whitfield.

References

External links

Allen v. Cooper: Back with a (Queen Anne's) Vengeance
IPWatchdog

News-Times * ttps://www.wral.com/discoverers-of-blackbeard-s-flagship-sue-state-for-8m/20742274/ NC court rules in favor of company that discovered Blackbeard's flagship WRAL
More to explore: After 25 years, discoveries continue at Blackbeard shipwreck
Reflector
N.C Supreme Court revives lawsuit over Blackbeard's ship and lost Spanish treasure ship
Fayetteville Observer
''Queen Anne's Revenge'': Archaeological Site
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
Blackbeard's Ship Confirmed off North Carolina
National Geographic News

''Baltimore Sun''

''New York Times''
Episode 955: Pirate Videos
Planet Money, ''NPR''

National Park Service
Scientists Show Relics From Ship Fit For Pirate, Possibly Blackbeard
''Chicago Tribune''
Resurrecting the Notorious Queen Anne's Revenge: David Moore on Blackbeard & maritime archaeology
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