This list of prehistoric amphibians is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be

amphibians Amphibians are ectothermic, anamniote, anamniotic, tetrapod, four-limbed vertebrate animals that constitute the class (biology), class Amphibia. In its broadest sense, it is a paraphyletic group encompassing all Tetrapod, tetrapods, but excl ...

, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful ('' nomina dubia''), or were not formally published (''

nomina nuda Nomen may refer to: *Nomen gentilicium, the middle part of Ancient Roman names ** ''Nomen est omen'', a Latin quote about nominative determinism *Nomen (ancient Egypt), the personal name of Ancient Egyptian pharaohs *Jaume Nomen (born 1960), Catal ...

''), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered amphibians. Modern forms are excluded from this list. The list currently includes 457 names.

Naming conventions and terminology

Naming conventions and terminology follow the

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a widely accepted Convention (norm), convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific name, scientific naming of organisms treated as animals. It is also informally known as the I ...

. Technical terms used include: *

Junior synonym In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. ...

: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen. *''

Nomen nudum In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, a ''nomen nudum'' ('naked name'; plural ''nomina nuda'') is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published ...

'' (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. ''Nomina nuda'' (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a ''nomen nudum'' and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any ''nomina nuda'' that describe the same specimen. *'' Nomen oblitum'' (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal. *Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list. *''

Nomen dubium In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. Zoology In case of a ''nomen dubium,'' it may be impossible to determine whether a ...

'' (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.

A

200px, '' Adelospondylus'' 200px, '' Albanerpeton'' 200px, '' Amphibamus'' 200px, '' Archegosaurus''

B

200px, '' Beelzebufo'' 200px, '' Balanerpeton'' 200px, '' Batrachosuchus''

C

200px, '' Cacops'' 200px, '' Cardiocephalus'' 200px, '' Compsocerops'' 200px, '' Chunerpeton''

D

200px, '' Diplocaulus'' 200px, '' Dvinosaurus''

E

200px, '' Eocaecilia'' 200px, '' Eryops'' *'' Ecolsonia'' *'' Elfridia'' *''

Elginerpeton ''Elginerpeton'' is a genus of stegocephalian ( stem-tetrapod), the fossils of which were recovered from Scat Craig, Morayshire in the UK, from rocks dating to the late Devonian Period (Late Frasnian stage, 375 million years ago). The type spe ...

'' *'' Embolomeri'' *'' Enneabatrachus'' *'' Eocaecilia'' *'' Eocyclotosaurus'' *'' Eodiscoglossus'' *'' Eogyrinus'' *'' Eopelobates'' *'' Eorhinophrynus'' *'' Eoscapherpeton'' *''

Eoscopus ''Eoscopus'' is an extinct genus of dissorophoidean euskelian temnospondyl in the family Micropholidae. It is known from Hamilton Quarry, a Late Carboniferous lagerstätte A Fossil-Lagerstätte (, from ''Lager'' 'storage, lair' '' Stätte ...

'' *'' Eoxenopoides'' *'' Erpetocephalus'' *'' Erpetosaurus'' *'' Eryops'' *'' Eryosuchus'' *'' Erythrobatrachus'' *'' Estesina'' *'' Eugyrinus'' *'' Eupelor'' *'' Euryodus''

F

*'' Fayella'' *'' Fedexia'' *'' Ferganobatrachus''

G

200px, '' Gerrothorax'' *'' Gaudrya'' *''

Georgenthalia ''Georgenthalia'' is an extinct genus of dissorophoid temnospondyl from the Lower Permian. It is an amphibamid which lived in what is now the Thuringian Forest of central Germany. It is known from the holotype MNG 11135, a small, complete skul ...

'' *'' Gephyrostegus'' *'' Gerrothorax'' *''

Gerobatrachus ''Gerobatrachus'' is an extinct genus of amphibamid temnospondyl (represented by the type species ''Gerobatrachus hottoni'') that lived in the Early Permian, approximately 290 million years ago (Ma), in the area that is now Baylor County, Texa ...

'' *'' Gobiates'' *'' Gobiatoides'' *'' Gobiops'' *'' Gonioglyptus'' *'' Gosgriffius'' *'' Greererpeton''

H

*'' Habrosaurus'' *'' Hadrokkosaurus'' *'' Hapsidopareion'' *'' Hatzegobatrachus'' *'' Hemprichisaurus'' *'' Heptasaurus'' *'' Horezmia'' *'' Hylaeobatrachus'' *'' Hyperkynodon'' *''

Hynerpeton ''Hynerpeton'' ( ) is an extinct genus of early four-limbed vertebrate that lived in the rivers and ponds of Pennsylvania during the Late Devonian period, around 365 to 363 million years ago. The only known species of ''Hynerpeton'' is ''H. basse ...

I

*'' Icanosaurus'' *''

Ichthyostega ''Ichthyostega'', from Ancient Greek ἰχθύς (''ikthús''), meaning "fish", and στέγη (''stégē''), meaning "roof", is an Extinction, extinct genus of limbed tetrapodomorpha, tetrapodomorphs from the Devonian, Late Devonian of what is ...

'' *'' Indobenthosuchus'' *'' Indobrachyops'' *'' Indolyrocephalus'' *'' Inflectosaurus'' *'' Inflectosuchus'' *'' Intasuchus'' *'' Iratusaurus'' *'' Iridotriton'' *'' Isodectes'' *'' Itemirella''

J

*'' Jammerbergia'' *''

Jakubsonia ''Jakubsonia'' is an extinct genus of early tetrapod from the Late Devonian of Russia. The type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with w ...

'' *'' Jeholotriton''

K

200px, '' Karaurus'' *'' Kamacops'' *'' Karaurus'' *'' Keraterpeton'' *'' Keratobrachyops'' *'' Kestrosaurus'' *'' Kizylkuma'' *'' Koalliella'' *'' Kokartus'' *'' Komatosuchus'' *'' Konzukovia'' *'' Koolasuchus'' *'' Koskinonodon'' *'' Kourerpeton'' *'' Kryostega'' *'' Kuttycephalus''

L

*'' Labyrinthodontia'' *'' Laccocephalus'' *'' Laccosaurus'' *'' Laccotriton'' *'' Lafonius'' *'' Laidleria'' *'' Lapillopsis'' *'' Latiscopus'' *'' Latonia'' *'' Leiocephalikon'' *'' Lepterpeton'' *'' Lethiscus'' *'' Liaobatrachus'' *'' Liaoxitriton'' *'' Limnerpeton'' *'' Limnoiketes'' *'' Limnogyrinus'' *'' Lisserpeton'' *'' Lithobatrachus'' *''

Llankibatrachus ''Llankibatrachus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric frogs in the family Pipidae. They are known from the Ypresian ( Casamayoran) Huitrera Formation of Argentina. Description The type species and the only known species, ''Llankibatrachus tr ...

'' *'' Llistrofus'' *'' Longiscitula'' *'' Loxomma'' *'' Luzocephalus'' *'' Lydekkerina'' *'' Lyrocephaliscus'' *'' Lysorophus''

M

180px, '' Metoposaurus'' 180px, '' Microbrachis''

N

*'' Nannaroter'' *'' Nannospongylus'' *'' Nanolania'' *'' Neldasaurus'' *'' Neusibatrachus'' *'' Nevobatrachus'' *'' Nezpercius'' *'' Nigerpeton'' *'' Notobatrachus'' *'' Notobrachiops''

O

180px, '' Ophiderpeton'' *'' Odenwaldia'' *'' Odonterpeton'' *'' Odontosaurus'' *'' Oestocephalus'' *'' Oligosemia'' *'' Onchiodon'' *'' Ophiderpeton'' *'' Opisthotriton'' *''

Obruchevichthys ''Obruchevichthys'' is an extinct genus of stem-tetrapod from Latvia during the Late Devonian. When the jawbone, the only known fossil of this creature, was uncovered in Latvia, it was mistaken as a lobe-fin fish. However, when it was analyze ...

'' *'' Orthophyia'' *'' Ossinodus'' *'' Osteophorus'' *'' Ostodolepis''

P

200px, '' Platyhystrix'' 200px, '' Prosalirus'' 200px, '' Peltobatrachus'' 200px, '' Pantylus'' 200px, '' Paracyclotosaurus'' 200px, '' Pelodosotis'' 200px, '' Pelorocephalus''

Q

*'' Quasicaecilia'' *'' Quasicyclotosaurus''

R

200px, '' Rhinesuchus'' *'' Rileymillerus'' *'' Rewana'' *'' Rhadalognathus'' *'' Rhadinosteus'' *'' Rhineceps'' *'' Rhinesuchoides'' *'' Rhinesuchus'' *'' Rhinophrynus'' *'' Rhynchonkos'' *'' Rhytidosteus'' *'' Ricnodon'' *'' Rotaurisaurus'' *'' Rubricacaecilia''

S

200px, '' Sclerocephalus'' 200px, '' Saharastega'' 120px, '' Siderops''

T

200px, '' Triadobatrachus'' 200px, '' Trematosaurus''

U

*'' Uranocentrodon'' *'' Urocordylus'' *'' Utaherpeton''

V

*''

Valdotriton ''Valdotriton'' is a genus of extinct prehistoric salamanders. Its only known species is ''Valdotriton gracilis'' (also known as the Wealden newt). ''V. gracilis'' lived during the Late Barremian in what is now Spain. It was found in the Las Ho ...

'' *'' Vanastega'' *'' Ventastega'' *'' Vieraella'' *'' Vigilius'' *'' Volgasaurus'' *'' Volgasuchus'' *'' Vulcanobatrachus''

W

200px, '' Wetlugasaurus'' *'' Wantzosaurus'' *'' Watsonisuchus'' *'' Wealdenbatrachus'' *'' Wellesaurus'' *'' Wetlugasaurus'' *'' Whatcheeria''

X

*'' Xenobrachyops'' *'' Xenotosaurus'' *'' Xestorrhytias''

Y

*'' Yarengia'' *'' Ymeria'' *'' Yuanansuchus'' *'' Yizhoubatrachus''

Z

200px, '' Zatrachys'' *'' Zaphrissa'' *'' Zatrachys'' *'' Zygosaurus''

Naming conventions and terminology

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

See also