Novosibirsk is the largest city and

administrative centre An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgi ...

Novosibirsk Oblast Novosibirsk Oblast () is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in southwestern Siberia. Its administrative center, administrative and economic center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of N ...

and the

Siberian Federal District Siberian Federal District ( rus, Сибирский федеральный округ, p=sʲɪˈbʲirskʲɪj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. Its population was 17,178,298 according to the 20 ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

. As of the 2021 census, it had a population of 1,633,595, making it the most populous city in

Siberia Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states ...

and the third-most populous city in Russia after

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

and

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

. Additionally, it is the largest city in the Asian part of Russia and the most populous city in the country that does not have the status of a

federal subject The federal subjects of Russia, also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Federation () or simply as the subjects of the federation (), are the administrative division, constituent entities of Russia, its top-level political division ...

. Novosibirsk is located in southwestern Siberia, on the banks of the

Ob River The Ob (; ) is a major river in Russia. It is in western Siberia, and with its tributary the Irtysh forms the world's seventh-longest river system, at . The Ob forms at the confluence of the Biya and Katun which have their origins in the Alta ...

. Novosibirsk was founded in 1893 on the Ob River crossing point of the future

Trans-Siberian Railway The Trans-Siberian Railway, historically known as the Great Siberian Route and often shortened to Transsib, is a large railway system that connects European Russia to the Russian Far East. Spanning a length of over , it is the longest railway ...

, where the

Novosibirsk Rail Bridge The Novosibirsk Rail Bridge is a single-track bridge across the Ob River, a component of the original Trans-Siberian Railway mainline, was designed by Nikolai Belelubsky and built between 1893 and 1897. Its location, selected by Nikolai Gari ...

was constructed. Originally named Novonikolayevsk ("New Nicholas") in honor of

Emperor Nicholas II Nicholas II (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov; 186817 July 1918) or Nikolai II was the last reigning Emperor of Russia, Congress Poland, King of Congress Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 1 November 1894 until Abdication of Nicholas II, hi ...

, the city rapidly grew into a major transport, commercial, and industrial hub. Novosibirsk was ravaged by the

Russian Civil War The Russian Civil War () was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the 1917 overthrowing of the Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. I ...

but recovered during the early

Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

period and gained its present name, ''Novosibirsk'' ("New Siberia"), in 1926. Under the leadership of

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secret ...

, Novosibirsk became one of the largest industrial centers of Siberia. Following the outbreak of

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, the city hosted many factories relocated from the Russian core. Novosibirsk is home to many notable places such as the neo-Byzantine Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, the

Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre The Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre (the official title is the Novosibirsk State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre ()) is a theatre in Novosibirsk and Siberia. It is located at the center of Novosibirsk at Lenin square. The building was c ...

, as well as the

Novosibirsk Zoo The Novosibirsk Zoo named after Rostislav Alexandrovich Shilo () is a scientific institution as well as a tourist attraction. The zoo has around 11,000 animals representing 738 species and is an active participant in thirty-two different captive b ...

. It is served by

Tolmachevo Airport Novosibirsk Tolmachevo Airport () is an international airport situated in the town of Ob, west of the center of Novosibirsk, Siberia, Russia. Overview There are two ( and ) active runways in Tolmachevo Airport, along with one large passenge ...

, the busiest airport in Siberia.

History

Novosibirsk was founded on the right side of the Ob, near an area traditionally inhabited by

Chat Tatars The Chat Tatars (, ) are one of the three subgroups of Tom Tatars, Tom Tatar group of Siberian Tatars. Their traditional areas of settlement are on the rivers Ob River, Ob, Chik, Uen', and Chaus in Kozhevnikovsky District, Tomsk Oblast, and in Kol ...

(). The

Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...

town originated on 30 April 1893Official website of Novosibirsk
History
at the future site of a

bridge crossing the great Siberian river, and in 1895 became known as Novonikolayevsk (),Charter of Novosibirsk, Article 1.1 in honor both of

Saint Nicholas Saint Nicholas of Myra (traditionally 15 March 270 – 6 December 343), also known as Nicholas of Bari, was an early Christian bishop of Greeks, Greek descent from the maritime city of Patara (Lycia), Patara in Anatolia (in modern-day Antalya ...

and of the new reigning

Tsar Tsar (; also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar''; ; ; sr-Cyrl-Latn, цар, car) is a title historically used by Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word '' caesar'', which was intended to mean ''emperor'' in the Euro ...

, Nicholas II. It superseded Bolshoye Krivoshchyokovo village, located on the opposite side of the Ob, which was founded in 1696 and was resettled in 1893 due to the construction of the

. The bridge, completed in the spring of 1897, made the new settlement a regional transport hub. The importance of the city further increased with the completion of the

Turkestan–Siberia Railway The Turkestan–Siberian Railway (commonly abbreviated as the ''Turk–Sib'', , , ; ) is a Russian gauge, broad gauge railway that connects Central Asia with Siberia. It starts north of Tashkent in Uzbekistan at Arys, Kazakhstan, Arys, where it ...

in the early 20th century. The new railway connected Novonikolayevsk directly with

Central Asia Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Pers ...

and the

Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, described as the List of lakes by area, world's largest lake and usually referred to as a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia: east of the Caucasus, ...

. At the time of the bridge's opening, Novonikolayevsk had a population of 7,800 people. The settlement developed rapidly. Its first bank opened in 1906, and a total of five banks were operating by 1915. In 1907, Novonikolayevsk, now with a population exceeding 47,000, was granted town status with full rights for self-government. During the pre-revolutionary period, the population of Novonikolayevsk reached 80,000. The city had steady and rapid

economic growth In economics, economic growth is an increase in the quantity and quality of the economic goods and Service (economics), services that a society Production (economics), produces. It can be measured as the increase in the inflation-adjusted Outp ...

, becoming one of the largest commercial and industrial centers of

. It developed a significant agricultural-processing industry, as well as a

power station A power station, also referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the electricity generation, generation of electric power. Power stations are generally connected to an electr ...

, iron foundry, commodity market, several banks, and commercial and shipping companies. By 1917, the city had seven Orthodox churches and one

Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...

Church, along with several cinemas, forty

primary schools A primary school (in Ireland, India, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, South Africa, and Singapore), elementary school, or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary ...

, a high school, a teaching seminary, and the Romanov House non-classical

secondary school A secondary school, high school, or senior school, is an institution that provides secondary education. Some secondary schools provide both ''lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper secondary education'' (ages 14 to 18), i.e., b ...

. In 1913, Novonikolayevsk became one of the first places in Russia to institute compulsory primary education. The

of 1917–1923 took a toll on the city. Wartime epidemics, especially

typhus Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposu ...

and

cholera Cholera () is an infection of the small intestine by some Strain (biology), strains of the Bacteria, bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea last ...

, claimed thousands of lives. In the course of the war, the Ob River Bridge was destroyed. For the first time in the city's history, the population of Novonikolayevsk began to decline. The Soviet Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies of Novonikolayevsk took control of the city in December 1917. In May 1918, the

Czechoslovak Legion The Czechoslovak Legion ( Czech: ''Československé legie''; Slovak: ''Československé légie'') were volunteer armed forces consisting predominantly of Czechs and Slovaks fighting on the side of the Entente powers during World War I and the ...

rose in opposition to the revolutionary government and, together with the White Guards, captured Novonikolayevsk (26 May 1918). The

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...

took the city in 1919, retaining it throughout the rest of the Civil War. Novonikolayevsk began reconstruction in 1921 at the start of

Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of ...

New Economic Policy The New Economic Policy (NEP) () was an economic policy of the Soviet Union proposed by Vladimir Lenin in 1921 as a temporary expedient. Lenin characterized the NEP in 1922 as an economic system that would include "a free market and capitalism, ...

period (1921–1928). The city formed part of

Tomsk Governorate Tomsk Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit (''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire, the Russian Republic, and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1804 to 1925 as part of Siberian Governorate-General (1804–1822) and West Siberian ...

and served as its administrative center from 23 December 1919 to 14 March 1920. Between 13 June 1921 and 25 May 1925, it served as the administrative center of Novonikolayevsk Governorate, which was separated from Tomsk Governorate. The city received its present name on 12 September 1926, -''Novosibirsk'', which, in the Russian language, translates roughly as "New Siberian own. After the Soviet Union abolished

governorate A governorate or governate is an administrative division headed by a governor. As English-speaking nations tend to call regions administered by governors either states or provinces, the term ''governorate'' is typically used to calque divisions ...

s in 1929, the city served as the administrative center of the

Siberian Krai Siberian Krai (, Sibirsky Kray) was a krai of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Russian SFSR. It existed from 1925 to 1930. The krai's administrative center was the city of Novosibirsk. History Siberian Krai was formed on May 25, 1 ...

until 23 July 1930, and of

West Siberian Krai West Siberian Krai (, Zapadno-Sibirsky Krai) was an early krai of the Russian SFSR, created after the split of the Siberian Krai in 1930. By the 1937 All-Union Census, it had population of 6,433,527. Krai's center was the Novosibirsk city. Hist ...

until 28 September 1937, when that krai was split into

and

Altai Krai Altai Krai (, ) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders, clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan ( East Kazakhstan Region, Abai Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, and the Altai Republic. The krai's administrative ce ...

. Since then, it has served as the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast. Novosibirsk skyline in winter

The

Monument to the Heroes of the Revolution A monument is a type of structure that was explicitly created to commemorate a person or event, or which has become relevant to a social group as a part of their remembrance of historic times or cultural heritage, due to its artistic, historical ...

, erected in the center of the city in 1922, became one of the chief historic sites (essentially every child had to visit the monument on school field-trips during the Soviet years). Neglect in the 1990s while other areas were redeveloped helped preserve it in the post-Soviet era. During Stalin's industrialization effort, Novosibirsk secured its place as one of the largest industrial centers of Siberia. Several massive industrial facilities developed, including the 'Sibkombain' plant, specializing in the production of heavy mining equipment. Additionally, a metal-processing plant, a food-processing plant, and other industrial enterprises and factories were built, as well as a new

. The great

Soviet famine of 1932–33 The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the largest country by are ...

resulted in more than 170,000 rural refugees seeking food and safety in Novosibirsk. They were settled in barracks at the outskirts of the city, giving rise to

slum A slum is a highly populated Urban area, urban residential area consisting of densely packed housing units of weak build quality and often associated with poverty. The infrastructure in slums is often deteriorated or incomplete, and they are p ...

s. Reflecting international recognition of its rapid growth and industrialization, in the US media Novosibirsk was referred to as the "

Chicago Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...

of Siberia". Tram rails were laid down in 1934, by which time the population had reached 287,000, making Novosibirsk the largest city in Siberia. The following year the original road bridge over the Ob River was replaced by the new Kommunalny bridge. Between 1941 and 1942, the Soviets crated up and relocated more than 50 substantial factories from western Russia to Novosibirsk in order to reduce the risk of their destruction through

war War is an armed conflict between the armed forces of states, or between governmental forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or between such organi ...

, and at this time the city became a major supply base for the

. During this period the city also received more than 140,000 refugees. The rapid growth of the city prompted the construction during the 1950s of a

hydroelectric power station Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity generated from hydropower (water power). Hydropower supplies 15% of the world's electricity, almost 4,210 TWh in 2023, which is more than all other renewable sources combined and also mo ...

with a capacity of 400

megawatt The watt (symbol: W) is the unit of Power (physics), power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−3. It is used to quantification (science), quantify the rate of Work ...

s, necessitating the creation of a giant water reservoir, now known as the Ob Sea. As a direct result of the station's construction, vast areas of fertile land were flooded, as were relic pine woods in the area; additionally, the new open space created by the reservoir's surface caused average wind speeds to double, increasing the rate of

soil erosion Soil erosion is the denudation or wearing away of the Topsoil, upper layer of soil. It is a form of soil degradation. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice (glaciers), snow, Atmosphere of Ea ...

. In the 1950s, the Soviet Government directed the building of a center for scientific research in Novosibirsk, and in 1957 the multi-facility

scientific Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into twoor threemajor branches: the natural sciences, which stu ...

research Research is creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge. It involves the collection, organization, and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to ...

complex of

Akademgorodok Akademgorodok ( rus, Академгородок, p=ɐkəˌdʲemɡərɐˈdok, "Academic Town") is a part of the Sovetsky City District, Novosibirsk, Sovetsky District of the city of Novosibirsk, Russia, located south of the city center and abou ...

was constructed about south of the city center. The Siberian Division of the

Russian Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such ...

(formerly the

Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It united the country's leading scientists and was subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (un ...

) has its headquarters in Akademgorodok, and the town hosts more than 35 research institutes and universities, among them

Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk State University (NSU) is a public research university located in Novosibirsk, Russia. The university was founded in 1958, on the principles of integration of education and science, early involvement of students with research act ...

, one of the top Russian schools in natural sciences and mathematics. Although it possesses a fully autonomous infrastructure, Akademgorodok is administered by Novosibirsk. On 2 September 1962, the population of Novosibirsk reached one million. At that time, it was the youngest city in the world with the population exceeding one million. Novosibirsk took fewer than seventy years to achieve this milestone. On 8 June 1965, the city was the scene of a dramatic aerial stunt when Lieutenant Valentin Privalov flew his

MiG-17 The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 (; NATO reporting name: Fresco) is a high-subsonic fighter aircraft produced in the Soviet Union from 1952 and was operated by air forces internationally. The MiG-17 was license-built in China as the Shenyang J-5 an ...

under the October Bridge; an image which purportedly showed the event was later found to be a photocollage. In 1979, work began on the Novosibirsk Metro Transit System, culminating in the opening of the first line in 1985. On 1 August 2008, Novosibirsk was in the center of the path of a

solar eclipse A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs approximately every six months, during the eclipse season i ...

, with a duration of 2 minutes and 20 seconds.

Administrative and municipal status

Novosibirsk is the

administrative center An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgiu ...

of the

oblast An oblast ( or ) is a type of administrative division in Bulgaria and several post-Soviet states, including Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. Historically, it was used in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. The term ''oblast'' is often translated i ...

Charter of Novosibirsk Oblast, Article 5 and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of

Novosibirsky District Novosibirsky District () is an administrative and municipalLaw #200-OZ district (raion), one of the thirty in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city ...

, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the

City A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agree ...

of Novosibirsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the

districts A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...

. As a municipal division, the City of Novosibirsk is incorporated as Novosibirsk Urban Okrug.Law ''On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Novosibirsk Oblast''

City districts

* Dzerzhinsky (Дзержинский) * Kalininsky (Калининский) * Kirovsky (Кировский) * Leninsky (Ленинский) * Oktyabrsky (Октябрьский) * Pervomaysky (Первомайский) * Sovetsky (Советский) * Tsentralny (Центральный) * Zayeltsovsky (Заельцовский) * Zheleznodorozhny (Железнодорожный)

Demographics

According to the

2021 Russian census The 2021 Russian census () was the first census of the Russia, Russian Federation population since 2010 Russian census, 2010 and the third after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, dissolution of the Soviet Union. It took place between October 1 ...

, the population of Novosibirsk is 1,633,595. This is an increase compared to the 2010 census, when the population of the city was 1,473,754. People from over eighty ethnicities and nationalities reside in Novosibirsk. The largest groups are

, Tajik,

Tatar Tatar may refer to: Peoples * Tatars, an umbrella term for different Turkic ethnic groups bearing the name "Tatar" * Volga Tatars, a people from the Volga-Ural region of western Russia * Crimean Tatars, a people from the Crimea peninsula by the B ...

, Uzbek, Ukrainian and Kyrgyz.

Ecology

Flora

The best-known trees native to Novosibirsk are

birch A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus ''Betula'' (), in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams. It is closely related to the beech- oak family Fagaceae. The genus ''Betula'' contains 3 ...

pine A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. ''World Flora Online'' accepts 134 species-rank taxa (119 species and 15 nothospecies) of pines as cu ...

, and

aspen Aspen is a common name for certain tree species in the Populus sect. Populus, of the ''Populus'' (poplar) genus. Species These species are called aspens: * ''Populus adenopoda'' – Chinese aspen (China, south of ''P. tremula'') * ''Populus da ...

. Some

mountain ash Mountain ash may refer to: * ''Eucalyptus regnans'', the tallest of all flowering plants, native to Australia * Mountain-ashes or rowans, varieties of trees and shrubs in the genus ''Sorbus'' See also

* Mountain Ash, Rhondda Cynon Taf, a town ...

, hawthorn,

spruce A spruce is a tree of the genus ''Picea'' ( ), a genus of about 40 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal ecosystem, boreal (taiga) regions of the Northern hemisphere. ''Picea'' ...

, and

fir Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus ''Abies'' () in the family Pinaceae. There are approximately 48–65 extant species, found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Eurasia, and North Africa. The genu ...

are present as well. European species of

apple An apple is a round, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus'' spp.). Fruit trees of the orchard or domestic apple (''Malus domestica''), the most widely grown in the genus, are agriculture, cultivated worldwide. The tree originated ...

, ash,

elm Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus ''Ulmus'' in the family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical- montane regions of North America and Eurasia, ...

, linden, and

oak An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' of the beech family. They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn, borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisp ...

have been successfully introduced.

Geography

Urban layout

The layout of the modern city is based on the planning of the post-revolution period. Before 1917, there was no traditional city center in Novo-nikolayevsk. The main buildings of the railway management and the nearby railway station as well as the most important cathedral and the complex of the city's government were spread throughout the city. This changed following the revolution, with Lenin House built in 1925 in what was traditionally the main avenue, Krasny Prospekt while the first Lenin monument was built in Barnaulskaya Street, closer to the railway station. And thus, until the late 1920s, Novosibirsk did not have a clearly defined city center. The 1930s brought many changes to the development of the city: Its former Bazarnaya Ploschad (Market Square) was chosen as the site for the construction of the Opera House which started in 1931. The Stalin Park of Culture and Rest was established some distance from the main avenue and the city's administrative buildings and park created a radial around the Bazarnaya Ploschad. There are 3 road ( Kommunalny, Dimitrovsky, Bugrinsky), 2 railway (

First First most commonly refers to: * First, the ordinal form of the number 1 First or 1st may also refer to: Acronyms * Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters, an astronomical survey carried out by the Very Large Array * Far Infrared a ...

, Komsomolsky), and 1

metro Metro may refer to: Geography * Metro City (Indonesia), a city in Indonesia * A metropolitan area, the populated region including and surrounding an urban center Public transport * Rapid transit, a passenger railway in an urban area with high ...

bridges within the city limits. The dam of the

Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Station Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Station () is a hydroelectric power plant on the Ob River. It is located in Sovetsky City District of Novosibirsk, Russia. History Construction began in 1950. The station was separately visited by Nikita Khrushchev and ...

located on the territory of the city is also used for road traffic.

Location

The city stands on the banks of the Ob River in the

West Siberian Plain The West Siberian Plain () is a large plain that occupies the western portion of Siberia, between the Ural Mountains in the west and the Yenisei, Yenisei River in the east, and the Altai Mountains on the southeast. Much of the plain is poorly d ...

. The southern boundary of the city runs through the

Novosibirsk reservoir Novosibirsk Reservoir or Novosibirskoye Reservoir (), informally called the Ob Sea (), is the largest artificial lake in Novosibirsk Oblast and Altai Krai, Russian Federation. It was created by a 33 m high concrete dam on the Ob River built in Nov ...

, which is formed by the dam of the

and cuts through the

Ob Plateau The Ob Plateau (, ''Priobskoye Plato''), is one of the great plateaus of Siberia. Administratively it falls within Altai Krai and Novosibirsk Oblast, Siberian Federal District, Russia. The plateau is named after the Ob River and is part of its ba ...

. The nearest major cities are

Omsk Omsk (; , ) is the administrative center and largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Omsk Oblast, Russia. It is situated in southwestern Siberia and has a population of over one million. Omsk is the third List of cities and tow ...

Barnaul Barnaul (, ) is the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and administrative centre of Altai Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Barnaulka and Ob (river), Ob rivers in the West Siberian Plain. As of the Russian Censu ...

Kemerovo Kemerovo ( rus, Ке́мерово, p=ˈkʲemʲɪrəvə) is an industrial types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Iskitimka River, Iskitimka and Tom ...

Tomsk Tomsk (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Tomsk Oblast in Russia, on the Tom (river), Tom River. Population: Founded in 1604, Tomsk is one of the oldest cities in Siberia. It has six univers ...

. Novosibirsk is located about 2,811 kilometres from

Climate

The climate in Novosibirsk is typical of Siberia, with dry winters and far-below-freezing winter temperatures. Among the reasons for these temperatures are the absence of a nearby ocean and the lack of tall mountains at the north of Novosibirsk that could have held back freezing Arctic winds. In fact, Novosibirsk is the second-farthest substantially populated city from the ocean, the first being

Ürümqi Ürümqi, , is the capital of the Xinjiang, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in Northwestern China. With a census population of 4 million in 2020, Ürümqi is the second-largest city in China's northwestern interior after Xi'an, also the ...

in China. The climate is

humid continental Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present. Humidity depe ...

(

Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...

''Dfb''), with warm summers and bitterly cold winters. Snow is frequent, falling on almost half of all winter days, but individual snowfalls are usually light. On average temperatures range in summer from to and in winter from to . However, winter temperatures can go as low as to , and summer temperatures can go as high as to . The difference between the highest- and lowest-recorded temperatures is . Travellers coming from countries with mild climates may find Novosibirsk's winter extremely cold, but it is a lot less severe than further east in Siberia and the

Russian Far East The Russian Far East ( rus, Дальний Восток России, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in North Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asia, Asian continent, and is coextensive with the Far Easte ...

, especially considering its latitude of 55°N. For example, Novosibirsk is less cold during winter nights than

Spassk-Dalny Spassk-Dalny (), sometimes called simply Spassk, is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in Primorsky Krai, Russia, situated on the Prikhankayskaya Flatland on the coast of Khanka Lake. Geography The relief of the territory is flat, w ...

at eleven degrees lower latitude. It also is less cold in winter than the largest far eastern city of

Khabarovsk Khabarovsk ( ) is the largest city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia,Law #109 located from the China–Russia border, at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri Rivers, about north of Vladivostok. As of the 2021 Russian c ...

and during nights even the Pacific coastal town of

Sovetskaya Gavan Sovetskaya Gavan () is a town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, and a port on the Strait of Tartary which connects the Sea of Okhotsk in the north with the Sea of Japan in the south. Population: It was previously known as Imperatorskaya Gavan (Им ...

, both at less than 49°N, and slightly milder than the Chinese city of

Harbin Harbin, ; zh, , s=哈尔滨, t=哈爾濱, p=Hā'ěrbīn; IPA: . is the capital of Heilongjiang, China. It is the largest city of Heilongjiang, as well as being the city with the second-largest urban area, urban population (after Shenyang, Lia ...

, the capital of Manchuria and

Heilongjiang Heilongjiang is a province in northeast China. It is the northernmost and easternmost province of the country and contains China's northernmost point (in Mohe City along the Amur) and easternmost point (at the confluence of the Amur and Us ...

province in China, at only 45°N. Sometimes bitter cold may hold for some days, but temperatures of and lower do not occur every year. Its overall temperatures are very similar to that of

Winnipeg Winnipeg () is the capital and largest city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Manitoba. It is centred on the confluence of the Red River of the North, Red and Assiniboine River, Assiniboine rivers. , Winnipeg h ...

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

, at about 50 degrees north.

Broadcasting

Novosibirsk is home to Russia's most powerful

shortwave Shortwave radio is radio transmission using radio frequencies in the shortwave bands (SW). There is no official definition of the band range, but it always includes all of the high frequency band (HF), which extends from 3 to 30 MHz (app ...

relay station east of the

Ural mountains The Ural Mountains ( ),; , ; , or simply the Urals, are a mountain range in Eurasia that runs north–south mostly through Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the river Ural (river), Ural and northwestern Kazakhstan.

. This relay station can reach most of

South Asia South Asia is the southern Subregion#Asia, subregion of Asia that is defined in both geographical and Ethnicity, ethnic-Culture, cultural terms. South Asia, with a population of 2.04 billion, contains a quarter (25%) of the world's populatio ...

, West Asia, and

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

. The

Magadan Magadan ( rus, Магадан, p=məɡɐˈdan) is a Port of Magadan, port types of inhabited localities in Russia, town and the administrative centre of Magadan Oblast, Russia. The city is located on the isthmus of the Staritsky Peninsula by the ...

and

Vladivostok Vladivostok ( ; , ) is the largest city and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai and the capital of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. It is located around the Zolotoy Rog, Golden Horn Bay on the Sea of Japan, covering an area o ...

relay stations when operated in conjunction with Novosibirsk can guarantee that the

Voice of Russia Voice of Russia (), commonly abbreviated VOR, was the Russian government's international radio broadcasting service from 1993 until 2014, when it was reorganised as Radio Sputnik. Its interval signal was a chime version of 'Majestic' chorus from ...

or any other broadcaster renting time at Novosibirsk is heard in the intended target area.

Transportation

International and intercity transportation

Airports

The city is served by

Novosibirsk Tolmachevo Airport Novosibirsk Tolmachevo Airport () is an international airport situated in the town of Ob, west of the center of Novosibirsk, Siberia, Russia. Overview There are two ( and ) active runways in Tolmachevo Airport, along with one large passenge ...

, which connects Novosibirsk with most of Russia's largest cities and most countries of Europe and Asia. Tolmachevo is the hub for

S7 Airlines S7 Airlines, legal name JSC Siberia Airlines (, "АО Aviakompania Sibir"), is an airline headquartered in Ob, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia, with offices in Moscow. As of 2008, it was Russia's largest domestic airline, with its main bases at Dom ...

. There is also the auxiliary

Yeltsovka Airport Yeltsovka Airport () is an airport in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia located 8 km northeast of Novosibirsk. It is a large airfield on the northeast side of Novosibirsk with tarmac space. Currently, the airport has the ability to handle up to 1. ...

. A smaller field for

general aviation General aviation (GA) is defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as all civil aviation aircraft operations except for commercial air transport or aerial work, which is defined as specialized aviation services for other ...

at Novosibirsk Severny Airport was closed in 2012. In August 2008, the First World Aerobatics Championship in Yak-52 aircraft was held at the airport.

Railway stations

Novosibirsk is a major stop on the

and the north end of

. The main

railway station Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport using wheeled vehicles running in railway track, tracks, which usually consist of two parallel steel railway track, rails. Rail transport is one of the two primary means of ...

of Novosibirsk is Novosibirsk-Glavny station ("Glavny" means "Main") which is located in the centre of the right bank part of the city. There are also Novosibirsk-Zapadny ("Zapadny" means "Western"), Novosibirsk-Vostochny ("Vostochny" means "Eastern"), and Novosibirsk-Yuzhny ("Yuzhny" means "Southern") railway stations in Novosibirsk. All intercity trains passing through the aforementioned stations stop at these stations. In addition, there are halts where only suburban trains stops, for example Inskaya, Seyatel, Razyezd Inya, and many others. The many regular intercity trains connect Novosibirsk with Russian cities in

, the

Far East The Far East is the geographical region that encompasses the easternmost portion of the Asian continent, including North Asia, North, East Asia, East and Southeast Asia. South Asia is sometimes also included in the definition of the term. In mod ...

, Ural, and

European Russia European Russia is the western and most populated part of the Russia, Russian Federation. It is geographically situated in Europe, as opposed to the country's sparsely populated and vastly larger eastern part, Siberia, which is situated in Asia ...

. International trains connect the city with

Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...

Belarus Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Belarus spans an a ...

, and countries in

Bus stations

The old Novosibirsk

Bus Station A bus station, bus depot, or bus interchange is a structure where city buses or intercity buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers. A bus station is larger than a bus stop, which is usually simply a place on the roadside, where buses can st ...

located on

Krasny Avenue Krasny Prospekt () or Krasny Avenue (lit. ''Red Avenue'') is the central street and major thoroughfare in the city of Novosibirsk, Russia. Until 1920, it was known as the Nikolaevsky Prospekt () or Nicholas' Avenue. Its length is about 7 km. I ...

in the right bank part of the city near Kommunalny Bridge was opened in 1964 and eventually closed on 6 April 2020. There is a plan to build some new bus stations on the periphery of the city; the first of these new

bus station A bus station, bus depot, or bus interchange is a structure where city buses or intercity buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers. A bus station is larger than a bus stop, which is usually simply a place on the roadside, where buses can st ...

s was built on Gusinobrodskoe Сhaussee and was opened on 18 December 2019. Until the completion of remaining new bus stations, some

bus stop A bus stop is a place where Public transport bus service, buses stop for passengers to get on and off the bus. The construction of bus stops tends to reflect the level of usage, where stops at busy locations may have shelter (building), shelters ...

s in the city are being used by

intercity bus service An intercity bus service (North American English) or intercity coach service (British English and Commonwealth English), also called a long-distance, express, over-the-road, commercial, long-haul, or highway bus or coach service, is a public t ...

s. The many regular intercity/international bus routes connect Novosibirsk with most cities of the southern part of Western

and major cities of

River passenger terminals

The building of Novosibirsk river passenger terminal (

: Речной вокзал) on the

Ob river The Ob (; ) is a major river in Russia. It is in western Siberia, and with its tributary the Irtysh forms the world's seventh-longest river system, at . The Ob forms at the confluence of the Biya and Katun which have their origins in the Alta ...

was opened in 1974. Later, the self-titled metro station was opened near the building of the terminal. On 7 March 2003, there was the strong fire in the building of the terminal. The part of the building was beyond repair and was demolished. At present day, only two regular passenger lines are operational: Novosibirsk - Kudryash island - Yagodnaya - Cheremushki - Novaya Zarya - Bibikha - Sedova Zaimka and Novosibirsk -

Berdsk Berdsk () is a town in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. A suburb of Novosibirsk, it is on the Berd River. In the 2010 Russian census, its population was Geography Berdsk is on the Berd River. Open land is south of the town and a pine forest coverin ...

. There are also cruises on the

and the

Novosibirsk Reservoir Novosibirsk Reservoir or Novosibirskoye Reservoir (), informally called the Ob Sea (), is the largest artificial lake in Novosibirsk Oblast and Altai Krai, Russian Federation. It was created by a 33 m high concrete dam on the Ob River built in Nov ...

including to

and

. River ships use the

Novosibirsk Shipping Canal Novosibirsk Shipping Canal () is the canal located in Novosibirsk that connects the Novosibirsk Reservoir and the Ob downstream of the Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Station dam. The canal became operational simultaneously with the commissioning of th ...

, equipped with a single triple-chamber shipping lock and located in Novosibirsk along its entire length, for the passage from the river to the reservoir and from the reservoir to the river. Usually, the period of navigability is opened in late April or early May and is closed in late September or early October.

City public transportation

Metro

Сhronologically, Novosibirsk was the fourth city in Russia in which a

system was established, after

, and

Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət, t=Lower Newtown; colloquially shortened to Nizhny) is a city and the administrative centre of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast an ...

. It was therefore also the first city in Siberia. The

Novosibirsk Metro Novosibirsk Metro is a rapid transit system that serves Novosibirsk, Russia. The system consists of over track on two lines with 13 stations. It opened in January 1986, becoming the eleventh Metro in the USSR and the ninth in the Russian SFSR. Ac ...

was opened in 1985. As of 2022, the system has 2 dual track lines ( Leninskaya (red) and Dzerzhinskaya (green)) and 13 stations.

Tram system

The Novosibirsk tram system was launched in 1934. As of 2022, the network has 10 routes: 6 of them are situated in left-bank part of the city, 4 of them are situated in right-bank of the city.

Trolleybus system

The Novosibirsk trolleybus system was launched in 1957. As of 2022, the network has 14 routes.

Bus system

The Novosibirsk bus system was launched in 1923. As of 2022, system consists of 52 routes served by buses over 10 metres long and 17 routes served by smaller buses.

Waterbus system

As of 2021, the Novosibirsk waterbus system includes the following routes: * Novosibirsk river passenger terminal - Beach "Bugrinskaya Roshcha" - Korablik Island * Novosibirsk river passenger terminal - Severo-Chemskoy residential area - Allotment garden community "Smorodinka" - Allotment garden community "Tikhie Zori" * Novosibirsk river passenger terminal - Novosibirsk Waterpark (the last route was not included in the plan of navigational season 2021 due to suspension of Waterpark's operation). Usually, the period of navigability is opened in late April or early May and is closed in late September or early October.

Route taxi

The Novosibirsk fixed-route taxi system (

marshrutka ''Marshrutnoye taksi''Law on Cooperatives The Law on Cooperatives was a major economic reform implemented in the Soviet Union during General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika and glasnost reforms. It was implemented in May 1988, allowed for independent worker cooperative, worker-ow ...

. There are 56 marshrutkas routes in Novosibirsk. In recent years the number of minibus routes in this system have been in decline, generally being replaced with bus routes. File:Станция Маршала Покрышкина - новое оформление.jpg, Marshal Pokryshkin metro station File:Tram, Novosibirsk 5.JPG, BKM-60103 tram File:Tram, Novosibirsk 4.jpg, 71-623 (

UKVZ The Ust-Katav Wagon-Building Plant, officially the Ust-Katavskiy Carriage Works named after S. M. Kirov () is a railroad carriage works in Ust-Katav, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. From 1947 to the end of the 20th century (before the series KTM-8) ...

) tram File:Tram, Novosibirsk 3.jpg, Tatra KT4DM tram File:Novosibirsk KrasnyProspekt trolley 07-2016 img2.jpg,

Trolza Trolza (), formerly known as the Uritsky factory or simply Uritsky,Bushell, Chris; and Stonham, Peter (eds.) (1987). ''Jane's Urban Transport Systems 1987'', pp. 603–605. London: Jane's Publishing Company. . was a trolleybus manufacturer in ...

-5265 low-floor trolleybus File:Novosibirsk KrasnyProspekt bus 07-2016.jpg, MAZ-103 low-entry bus File:Waterbus Moskva type on the Ob in Novosibirsk, Russia.jpg, Waterbus Moskva type on the Ob File:Overpass, Novosibirsk 02.jpg,

Ford Transit The Ford Transit is a family of light commercial vehicles manufactured by the Ford Motor Company since 1965, primarily as a panel van, cargo van, but also available in other configurations including a large passenger van (marketed as the Ford ...

marshrutka File:Electric kick scooters, Novosibirsk 01.jpg

Economy

Novosibirsk is a large industrial center. The industrial complex consists of 214 large and average-sized industrial enterprises. These produce more than two-thirds of all industrial output of the Novosibirsk region. Leading industries are aerospace ( Chkalov's Novosibirsk Aircraft Plant), nuclear fuel ( Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant), turbo and hydroelectric generators ( NPO ELSIB), textile machinery (Textilmach), agriculture machinery ( NPO "Sibselmash"), electronics components and devices production (Novosibirsk Factory and Design Bureau of Semiconductor Devices NZPP, OXID Novosibirsk Plant of Radio components), and metallurgy and metalworking (Kuzmina's Novosibirsk Metallurgical Plant, Novosibirsk Tin Plant OJSC, and JSC Plant of Rare Metals). According to the television station RBC, Novosibirsk took third place in 2008 in the list of Russian cities most attractive to businesses (in 2007 it was placed thirteenth). The

Rich Family The Rich family was a noble family of England that held the peerage titles of Baron Rich, Earl of Warwick, Baron Kensington, Earl of Holland and Baronet Rich during a period spanning the 16th–18th centuries. Family tree References Extern ...

multi-national retailer was founded in Novosibirsk in 2002 and continues to maintain their headquarters in the city. Before the relocation of its headquarters to Ob,

had its head office in Novosibirsk. The

headquarters Headquarters (often referred to as HQ) notes the location where most or all of the important functions of an organization are coordinated. The term is used in a wide variety of situations, including private sector corporations, non-profits, mil ...

of a number of large Russian companies are located in Novosibirsk: * RATM Holding *

Novosibirsk Aircraft Production Association Plant JSC Novosibirsk Aircraft Production Association Plant named after V.P. Chkalov (NAPO) is one of the largest aerospace manufacturers in Russia. The company produces, repairs and upgrades Su-34 fighter-bombers. It is also involved in the Sukhoi S ...

(NAPO) (a subsidiary of

Sukhoi The JSC Sukhoi Company (, ) is a Russian aircraft manufacturer headquartered in Begovoy District, Northern Administrative Okrug, Moscow, that designs both civilian and military aircraft. Sukhoi was founded in the Soviet Union by Pavel Sukhoi ...

) * Belon * Center of Financial Technologies * Siberian Coast Food Company (until 2009) * NETA IT Company (retail, system integrator, software sales) * Parallels IT Company (software for virtualization) * Inmarko Food Company * Siberian Food Corporation * Electro-vacuum plant (the largest glass bottle factory in the Asian part of the country) * NPO NIIIP-NZiK *

2GIS 2GIS (also known as Urbi in Arab countries) is a Russian local search company that develops digital maps and guides of cities in Russia, Kazakhstan, Italy, Czech Republic, Chile, The UAE, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Cyprus, Azerbaijan and Ukraine. T ...

Governance

Until 2023, the head of the city (mayor) was elected by universal suffrage among city residents. This position was held by Anatoly Lokot (

Communist Party of the Russian Federation The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF; ) is a communist political party in Russia that officially adheres to Marxist–Leninist philosophy. It is the second-largest political party in Russia after United Russia. The youth o ...

) from 23 April 2014. In February 2023, deputies of the Legislative Assembly of the Novosibirsk Oblast, in two readings, adopted a bill to abolish direct elections of the heads of Novosibirsk and the scientific settlement of Koltsovo; the election of heads of municipal administrations will take place on a competitive basis. On 28 December 2023, the

governor of Novosibirsk Oblast The Governor of Novosibirsk Oblast (, ''Gubernator Novosibirskoy oblasti'') is the Chief executive (gubernatorial), chief executive (defined by the local Charter of Novosibirsk Oblast, Charter as "the supreme public officer") of Novosibirsk Obla ...

Andrey Travnikov Andrey Alexandrovich Travnikov (; born February 1, 1971) is a Russian politician. He is the current Governor of Novosibirsk Oblast. Awards * Order of Friendship (February 12, 2021) — for the achieved labor successes and many years of consc ...

, announced that Anatoly Lokot was going on vacation with subsequent dismissal. First Deputy Mayor Oleg Klemeshov was appointed acting mayor. On 16 April 2024, based on the results of voting by deputies of the Novosibirsk City Council of Deputies, Deputy Governor of the Novosibirsk Region Maxim Kudryavtsev (

United Russia The All-Russian Political Party United Russia (, ) is the Ruling party, ruling List of political parties in Russia, political party of Russia. As the largest party in the Russian Federation, it holds 325 (or 72.22%) of the 450 seats in the St ...

) was elected mayor of Novosibirsk.

Sport

Professional sports clubs active in the city: Novosibirsk is the home town of several former Olympians, including

Aleksandr Karelin Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Karelin ( rus, Александр Александрович Карелин, p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪtɕ kɐˈrʲelʲɪn; born 19 September 1967) is a Russian politician and retired athlete. Karelin co ...

, a twelve-time world

Greco-Roman wrestling Greco-Roman (American English), Graeco-Roman (British English), or classic wrestling (Euro-English) is a style of wrestling that is practiced worldwide. Greco-Roman wrestling was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 and has been i ...

champion who has been voted the greatest Greco-Roman wrestler of the twentieth century by the sport's international governing body of

FILA Fila (; ) is a South Korean-owned athleisure brand headquartered in Seoul. The company was originally founded by Ettore and Giansevero Fila in 1911 in Coggiola, near Biella, Italy. Fila Korea acquired the brand in 2007 and launched its initial p ...

. The city also hosts a number of national and international

Ice Speedway Ice speedway is a developed form of motorcycle speedway racing, featuring racing on frozen surfaces. The sport uses bikes enhanced for the terrain. Participants can compete at international level. Outline The bikes race counterclockwise arou ...

events. Siberia Novosibirsk competed in the Russian Ice Speedway Premier League in 2012/13, and 2013/2014. The speedway venue known as the Motordrome ROSTO is located on Ulitsa Tul'skaya, 205 at (). The Siberia Novosibirsk

motorcycle speedway Motorcycle speedway, usually referred to simply as speedway, is a motorcycle sport involving four and sometimes up to six riders competing over four clockwise, anti-clockwise laps of an oval circuit. The motorcycles are specialist machines that ...

team regularly participated in the Soviet Union Championship from its inaugural edition in 1962 through to 1992 and then from 1993 to 1995 in the Russian Championship. The team were champions of the Soviet Union in 1980.

Music

Several contemporary classical violinists, such as

Vadim Repin Vadim Viktorovich Repin (, ; born 31 August 1971) is a Russian and Belgian violinist who lives in Vienna.A ...

, the late Alexander Skwortsow, Natalia Lomeiko, and

Maxim Vengerov Maxim Alexandrovich Vengerov (; born 20 August 1974) is a Soviet-born Israeli violinist, violist, and conductor. Classic FM has called him "one of the greatest violinists in the world". Vengerov was born in Novosibirsk, the only child of Al ...

, are natives of Novosibirsk. Also born in the city were punk legend, poet and singer-songwriter

Yanka Dyagileva Yana Stanislavovna "Yanka" Dyagileva (; 4 September 1966 – 1991) was a Russian poet and singer-songwriter and one of the most popular figures of her time in Russia's underground punk scene. She both played solo and performed with others, incl ...

, tragic punk rocker Dmitry Selivanov, folk/folk-rock singer Pelageya Khanova, and cellist Tatjana Vassiljeva. The career of poet and singer-songwriter Tatyana Snezhina was connected with Novosibirsk. The city possesses the Novosibirsk State Conservatory, named in honor of the composer

Mikhail Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka ( rus, links=no, Михаил Иванович Глинка, Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, mʲɪxɐˈil ɨˈvanəvʲɪdʑ ˈɡlʲinkə, Ru-Mikhail-Ivanovich-Glinka.ogg; ) was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognit ...

; Novosibirsk State Philharmony, home to Novosibirsk Academic Symphony Orchestra, Novosibirsk Philharmonic Chamber Orchestra, Russian Academic Orchestra of Folk Instruments, and other musical groups; Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theater; and several notable music venues.

Education

Novosibirsk is home to the following institutions of

higher education Tertiary education (higher education, or post-secondary education) is the educational level following the completion of secondary education. The World Bank defines tertiary education as including universities, colleges, and vocational schools ...

: *

(1959) *

Novosibirsk State Technical University Novosibirsk State Technical University (NSTU), until 1992 the Novosibirsk Electrotechnical Institute (NETI), is one of the major research and educational centers of Russia as well as one of the top technical universities located in Novosibirsk, ...

(1950) *

Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, NSUEM (, Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education «Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management») is a social and economic higher education institute ...

(1929) * Novosibirsk State Agricultural University (1936) * Novosibirsk State University of Architecture, Design and Arts (1989) * Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (1930) * Novosibirsk State Medical University (1935) * Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University (1935) * Novosibirsk State Theater Institute (1960) * Novosibirsk State Conservatory named after M.I. Glinka (1956) * Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School of the

Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (; MOD) is the governing body of the Russian Armed Forces. The President of Russia is the Commander-in-Chief of the forces and directs the activity of the ministry. The Minister of Defence exerci ...

(1967) *

Novosibirsk Military Institute named after I.K. Yakovlev Novosibirsk is the largest city and administrative centre of Novosibirsk Oblast and the Siberian Federal District in Russia. As of the 2021 census, it had a population of 1,633,595, making it the most populous city in Siberia and the third-mo ...

of the National Guard Forces Command of the Russian Federation (1971) * Novosibirsk Institute of the

Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation �СБ, ФСБ России (FSB) is the principal security agency of Russia and the main successor agency to the Soviet Union's KGB; its immediate predecessor was the Federal Counteri ...

(1935) * Siberian State Transport University (1932) *

Siberian State University of Water Transport Siberian State University of Water Transport () is a state university in Zheleznodorozhny District of Novosibirsk, Russia. It was founded in 1951. History In 1951, the Novosibirsk Institute of Water Transport Engineers was established. From 19 ...

(1951) * Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies (1933) * Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (1953) * Siberian Institute of Management of the

Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) is a federal state-funded institution of higher education located in Moscow, Russia. With the merger of Academy of National Economy (ANE), Russian Academy ...

(1991) *

Siberian Institute of International Relations and Regional Studies Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states sin ...

(1998) *

Siberian University of Consumer Cooperation Siberian University of Consumer Cooperation () is a university in Leninsky District of Novosibirsk, Russia. It was founded in 1956. History In 1956, the Novosibirsk Institute of Soviet Cooperative Trade was established. In the early 1970s, the ...

(1956) *

Siberian Academy of Finance and Banking Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive region, geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor st ...

(1992) Additionally, there are more than 50

vocational school A vocational school (alternatively known as a trade school, or technical school), is a type of educational institution, which, depending on the country, may refer to either secondary education#List of tech ed skills, secondary or post-secondar ...

s in Novosibirsk.

is a remote part of Novosibirsk dedicated to science. It houses the

Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SBRAS) was established by the Decree of the Government of the USSR which was based on the proposal of Mikhail Lavrentyev, Sergei Sobolev and Sergey Khristianovich in 1957 as a regional d ...

and is the location of

and Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School. All other higher education institutions are located in the central part of the city of Novosibirsk on both banks of the

. The

Quality Schools International Quality Schools International (QSI) is a group of non-profit international schools offering education in the English language, in a number of countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, South and North America. The first school was founde ...

QSI International School of Novosibirsk, previously located in Akademgorodok, opened in 2008. File:NSU new building.jpg,

File:ДОМ УЧЕНЫХ-НОВОСИБИРСК.JPG, House of Scientists of the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok File:Budker institut akademgorodok.jpg,

Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) is one of the major centres of advanced study of nuclear physics in Russia. It is located in the Siberian town Akademgorodok, on Academician Lavrentyev Avenue, Novosibirsk, Academician Lavrentiev ...

File:Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics.jpg,

Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences () is the first research institute based in Akademgorodok of Novosibirsk, Russia. It was founded in 1957. History The scientific organization was est ...

File:Novosibirsk Technopark.JPG, Technopark of the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok File:Nstu-1.jpg,

File:СГУПС.jpg, Siberian State Transport University File:Novosibirsk State Academy of Water Transport.jpg,

File:НГАУ 160.jpg, Novosibirsk State Agricultural University File:Novosibirsk Conservatory.jpg, Novosibirsk State Conservatory named after M.I. Glinka File:Новосибирский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет 02.jpg, Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering File:Krasny Avenue 38, Novosibirsk 01.jpg, Novosibirsk State University of Architecture, Design and Arts File:Сибирский государственный университет телекоммуникаций и информатики 01.jpg, Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics File:Novosibirsk State Medical Academy.jpg, Novosibirsk State Medical University File:Новосибирский государственный университет экономики и управления "НИНХ".jpg,

Culture

Libraries

There are many libraries in Novosibirsk. The most significant libraries are the following: * State Public Scientific & Technological Library * Novosibirsk State Regional Scientific Library * Novosibirsk Regional Special Library for the blind and visually impaired * Novosibirsk Regional Youth Library * Novosibirsk Regional Children's Library File:ГПНТБ СО РАН 01.jpg, State Public Scientific & Technological Library File:The building of the Novosibirsk State Regional Scientific Library.jpg, Novosibirsk State Regional Scientific Library File:Банк Красный проспект, 26 Новосибирск 1.jpg, Novosibirsk Regional Youth Library

Theatres

(1945) * Novosibirsk Regional Puppet Theatre (1933) * Novosibirsk State Drama Theatre "Old House" (1933) * Novosibirsk State Academic Drama Theatre "Red Torch" (1932), directed by

Timofey Kulyabin Timofey Aleksandrovich Kulyabin (; born 10 October 1984, Izhevsk) is a Russian theater and opera director. Biography Kulyabin was one of the most prominent young theatre directors in recent years in Russia. After graduating from the Russian In ...

since 2015 * Novosibirsk Academic Youth Theatre "Globe" (1930) * Novosibirsk Musical Theatre (1959) * Novosibirsk City Theatre under the direction of Sergey Afanasiev (1988) * Novosibirsk Drama Theatre "On the left bank" (1997) * Novosibirsk Studio Theatre "First Theatre" (2009) File:Novosibirsk KrasnyPr Opera Theatre 07-2016.jpg,

File:Театр "Старый дом".JPG, Novosibirsk State Drama Theatre "Old House" File:Novosibirsk Kamenskaya 1.jpg, Novosibirsk Academic Youth Theatre "Globe" File:Novosibirsk Theater "Red Torch".jpg, Novosibirsk State Academic Drama Theatre "Red Torch" File:Новосибирский театр музыкальной комедии 02.jpg, Novosibirsk Musical Theatre File:Novosibirsk-puppet-theatre.jpg, Novosibirsk Regional Puppet Theatre

Philharmonic

Novosibirsk State Philharmonic Society was founded in 1937. It holds about 60 concerts per month using the following halls: * Arnold Kats State Concert Hall (2013) * Philharmonic Chamber Hall (1985) File:Novosibirsk State Philarmony Hall.jpg, Philharmonic Chamber Hall File:Arnold Kats State Concert Hall.jpg, Arnold Kats State Concert Hall

Museums

* Novosibirsk State Art Museum * Novosibirsk State Museum of Local Lore * Museum of Cossacks glory * Novosibirsk museum of railway equipment named after N.A. Akulinin * Museum "Siberian Birch Bark" *

Nicholas Roerich Museum The Nicholas Roerich Museum is a museum on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City, dedicated to the works of Nicholas Roerich (1874–1947), a Russian-born cosmopolitan artist. His early accomplishments include devising with Igor Str ...

* Museum of the Sun * Historical and Architectural Museum in the open air * Siberian Memorial Art Gallery File:Novosibirsk KrasnyPr Museum of Arts 07-2016.jpg, Novosibirsk State Art Museum File:Novosibirsk KrasnyPr Trade House 07-2016 img2.jpg, Novosibirsk State Museum of Local Lore

Planetariums

Small Novosibirsk Planetarium Small means of insignificant size. Small may also refer to: Science and technology * SMALL, an ALGOL-like programming language * ''Small'' (journal), a nano-science publication * <small>, an HTML element that defines smaller text Arts and ...

(1952) * Large Novosibirsk Planetarium (2012) was awarded in 2015 as the best social infrastructure object in Russia. File:Novosibirsk Planetarium.jpg, Large Novosibirsk Planetarium

Annual festivals, forums and conferences

* Siberian Snow Sculpture Festival * Transsiberian Art Festival * Monstration * Festival of children's animation films "Firebird" * Festival of Youth Subcultures "ZNАКИ" *

Siberian Astronomical Forum Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive region, geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor st ...

* Documentary Film Festival "Meetings in Siberia" * Festival of Russian Music "Pokrovskaya autumn" * SibLegalWeek * Sib Jazz Fest * Science Fiction Festival "White Spot" * Poetry Festival "Very New Miracle" * International Christmas Festival of Arts

Places of entertainment

Cinemas

16 cinemas, including Cinema Park which supports

IMAX IMAX is a proprietary system of High-definition video, high-resolution cameras, film formats, film projectors, and movie theater, theaters known for having very large screens with a tall aspect ratio (image), aspect ratio (approximately ei ...

and

IMAX 3D IMAX is a proprietary system of high-resolution cameras, film formats, film projectors, and theaters known for having very large screens with a tall aspect ratio (approximately either 1.43:1 or 1.90:1) and steep stadium seating, with ...

. File:Кинотеатр "Победа", Новосибирск.jpg, Pobeda Cinema

Circus

Modern building of the Novosibirsk Circus was built in 1971. File:Novosibirsk State Circus 07-2016.jpg, Novosibirsk Circus

Zoo

The Novosibirsk Zoo is a world-renowned scientific institution as well as a popular

tourist attraction A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement. Types Places of natural beaut ...

. The zoo has over 11,000 animals from 738 species and is an active participant in thirty-two different

captive breeding Captive breeding, also known as captive propagation, is the process of keeping plants or animals in controlled environments, such as wildlife reserves, zoos, Botanical garden, botanic gardens, and other Conservation biology, conservation facilitie ...

programmes for endangered species. Since 2016, the Center of

oceanography Oceanography (), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean, including its physics, chemistry, biology, and geology. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of to ...

and

marine biology Marine biology is the scientific study of the biology of marine life, organisms that inhabit the sea. Given that in biology many scientific classification, phyla, family (biology), families and genera have some species that live in the sea and ...

" Dolphinia" has been part of the zoo. On average, around 1.5 million people visit the zoo each year. File:Zaeltsovskiy rayon, Novosibirsk, Novosibirskaya oblast', Russia - panoramio (9).jpg, Novosibirsk Zoo in 2015

Children's railway

Small West Siberian Railway is the

children's railway A children's railway or pioneer railway is an extracurricular educational institution, where children interested in rail transport can learn railway professions. This phenomenon originated in the USSR and was greatly developed in Soviet times. T ...

located in

Zayeltsovsky Park Zayeltsovsky Park is a park in Zayeltsovsky City District, Novosibirsk, Zayeltsovsky District of Novosibirsk, Russia. It was created in 1932. The park is located in Zayeltsovsky Pine Forest. Location It borders Ob River and Sukharka Microdistr ...

. It has 5 stations: Zayeltsovskiy Park, Razyezd Lokomotiv, Sportivnaya, Razyezd Eltsovskiy, Zoopark. The railway is operational in summer. File:Novosibirsk Park Railway 07-2016 img5.jpg, Novosibirsk Children's railway

Botanical gardens

Central Siberian Botanic Garden Central Siberian Botanic Garden () is a botanic garden in the south-eastern part of Novosibirsk, Russia. It borders with Akademgorodok. History Until 1964, the garden was located in Zayeltsovsky City District, Novosibirsk, Zayeltsovsky City Dist ...

is located in

Twin towns – sister cities

Novosibirsk is twinned with: *

Minneapolis Minneapolis is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States, and its county seat. With a population of 429,954 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the state's List of cities in Minnesota, most populous city. Locat ...

, United States (1989) *

Saint Paul Paul, also named Saul of Tarsus, commonly known as Paul the Apostle and Saint Paul, was a Christian apostle ( AD) who spread the teachings of Jesus in the first-century world. For his contributions towards the New Testament, he is generally ...

, United States (1989) *

Sapporo is a Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan, designated city in Hokkaido, Japan. Located in the southwest of Hokkaido, it lies within the alluvial fan of the Toyohira River, a tributary of the Ishikari River. Sapporo is the capital ...

, Japan (1990) *

Mianyang Mianyang ( zh, s=绵阳, t=綿陽, w=Mien2-yang2, p=Miányáng; Sichuanese Pinyin, Sichuanese romanization: ''Mien-iang''; formerly known as Mienchow, zh, t=綿州, p=Mianzhou, links=no; Sichuanese romanization: ''Miencheo''; ) is the second lar ...

, China (1994) *

Daejeon Daejeon (; ) is South Korea's list of cities in South Korea, fifth-largest metropolis, with a population of nearly 1.5 million. Located in a central lowland valley between the Sobaek Mountains and the Geum River, the city is known both as a ...

, South Korea (2001) *

Varna Varna may refer to: Places Europe *Varna, Bulgaria, a city ** Varna Province ** Varna Municipality ** Gulf of Varna ** Lake Varna **Varna Necropolis * Vahrn, or Varna, a municipality in Italy * Varna (Šabac), a village in Serbia Asia * Var ...

, Bulgaria (2008) *

Osh Osh is a city in Kyrgyzstan. Osh or OSH may also refer to: * Osh (food), in Tajik and Uzbek cuisines * Osh (singer) (born 1995), English singer and rapper * OSH, the IATA code for Wittman Regional Airport near Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States ...

, Kyrgyzstan (2009) *

Kharkiv Kharkiv, also known as Kharkov, is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city in Ukraine.

, Ukraine (2011) *

Minsk Minsk (, ; , ) is the capital and largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach (Berezina), Svislach and the now subterranean Nyamiha, Niamiha rivers. As the capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is the administra ...

, Belarus (2012) *

Shenyang Shenyang,; ; Mandarin pronunciation: ; formerly known as Fengtian formerly known by its Manchu language, Manchu name Mukden, is a sub-provincial city in China and the list of capitals in China#Province capitals, provincial capital of Liaonin ...

, China (2013) *

Yerevan Yerevan ( , , ; ; sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia, as well as one of the world's List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerev ...

, Armenia (2014) *

Sevastopol Sevastopol ( ), sometimes written Sebastopol, is the largest city in Crimea and a major port on the Black Sea. Due to its strategic location and the navigability of the city's harbours, Sevastopol has been an important port and naval base th ...

, Ukraine (2014) *

Ulaanbaatar Ulaanbaatar is the Capital (political), capital and List of cities in Mongolia, most populous city of Mongolia. It has a population of 1.6 million, and it is the coldest capital city in the world by average yearly temperature. The municipa ...

, Mongolia (2015) *

Tiraspol Tiraspol (, ; also /; , ; , ) is the capital and largest city of Transnistria, a breakaway state of Moldova, where it is the third-largest city. The city is located on the eastern bank of the Dniester River. Tiraspol is a regional hub of cul ...

, Moldova (2016)

Notable residents

Violinist Mikhail Simonyan, playwright and prose writer Nina Mikhailovna Sadur, three-time Olympic Greco-Roman wrestling champion

, pop singer

Shura Shura () is the term for collective decision-making in Islam. It can, for example, take the form of a council or a referendum. The Quran encourages Muslims to decide their affairs in consultation with each other. Shura is mentioned as a praise ...

, singer and The Voice judge

Pelageya Pelageya Sergeyevna Khanova; born Polina Sergeyevna Smirnova; 14 July 1986), known mononymously as Pelageya, is а Russian singer. She sings folk-songs from different nations in different languages, romances and compositions written by the me ...

, rapper

Allj Alexey Konstantinovich Uzenyuk (; born July 9, 1994), known professionally as Eldzhey (), is a Russian rapper and songwriter best known for his hit singles "Розовое вино" (The Pink Wine), "Рваные джинсы" (The Ripped Jeans ...

and top model Sofia Steinberg were born and raised in Novosibirsk.

, an Israeli

violinist The following lists of violinists are available: * List of classical violinists * List of contemporary classical violinists * List of jazz violinists * List of popular music violinists * List of Indian violinists * List of Persian violinists * Li ...

violist The viola ( , () ) is a string instrument of the violin family, and is usually bowed when played. Violas are slightly larger than violins, and have a lower and deeper sound. Since the 18th century, it has been the middle or alto voice of the v ...

, and conductor was born here. Aleksandr Akimov, who was also born here, was the night shift supervisor on duty for Reactor 4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant at the time of the explosion in April 1986.

Stanislav Pozdnyakov Stanislav Alekseyevich Pozdnyakov ( rus, Станислав Алексеевич Поздняков, , stənʲɪˈslaf pəzʲnʲɪˈkof; born 27 September 1973) is a Russian former fencer, five-time Olympian (1992–2008), and five-time Olympic ...

, fencer and president of the Russian Olympic Commission, was born here.

Notes

References

Sources

* * *

External links

Official website
{{Authority control Tomsk Governorate Populated places established in 1893 1893 establishments in the Russian Empire States and territories established in 1893 Populated places on the Ob River