The list of early

Germanic peoples The Germanic peoples were tribal groups who lived in Northern Europe in Classical antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. In modern scholarship, they typically include not only the Roman-era ''Germani'' who lived in both ''Germania'' and parts of ...

is a catalog of ancient Germanic cultures, tribal groups, and other alliances of Germanic tribes and civilizations from antiquity. This information is derived from various ancient historical sources, beginning in the 2nd century BC and extending into

late antiquity Late antiquity marks the period that comes after the end of classical antiquity and stretches into the onset of the Early Middle Ages. Late antiquity as a period was popularized by Peter Brown (historian), Peter Brown in 1971, and this periodiza ...

. By the

Early Middle Ages The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages (historiography), Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th to the 10th century. They marked the start o ...

, early forms of kingship had started to shape historical developments across Europe, with the exception of

Northern Europe The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54th parallel north, 54°N, or may be based on other ge ...

. In Northern Europe, influences from the

Vendel Period In Scandinavian prehistory, sometimes specifically Swedish prehistory, the Vendel Period, or Vendel Age (; ) appears between the Migration Period and the Viking Age. The name is taken from the rich boat inhumation cemetery at Vendel parish ...

(c.AD 550- 800) and the subsequent

Viking Age The Viking Age (about ) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonising, conquest, and trading throughout Europe and reached North America. The Viking Age applies not only to their ...

(c. AD 800- 1050) played a significant role in the germanic historical context. The associations and locations of the numerous peoples and groups in ancient sources are often subject to heavy uncertainty and speculation, and classifications of ethnicity regarding a common culture or a temporary alliance of heterogeneous groups are disputed. It is uncertain whether certain groups are Germanic in the broader linguistic sense or whether they consisted of speakers of a

Germanic language The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania, and Southern Africa. The most widely spoken Germanic language, ...

. The names listed below are not terms for ethnic groups in any modern sense but the names of groups that were perceived in ancient and late antiquity as Germanic. It is essentially an inventory of peoples, groups, alliances and associations stretching from the

Barbaricum Barbaricum (from the , "foreign", "barbarian") is a geographical name used by historical and archaeological experts to refer to the vast area of barbarian-occupied territory that lay, in Roman times, beyond the frontiers or '' limes'' of the Rom ...

region east of the

Rhine The Rhine ( ) is one of the List of rivers of Europe, major rivers in Europe. The river begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps. It forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein border, then part of the Austria–Swit ...

to the north of the

Danube The Danube ( ; see also #Names and etymology, other names) is the List of rivers of Europe#Longest rivers, second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest sou ...

(also known as

Germania Germania ( ; ), also more specifically called Magna Germania (English: ''Great Germania''), Germania Libera (English: ''Free Germania''), or Germanic Barbaricum to distinguish it from the Roman provinces of Germania Inferior and Germania Superio ...

), especially those that arrived during the

Migration Period The Migration Period ( 300 to 600 AD), also known as the Barbarian Invasions, was a period in European history marked by large-scale migrations that saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent settlement of its former territories ...

Germanic Tribes in the Roman Imperial Period

In alphabetical order

The present list is largely based on the list of Germanic tribal names and its spelling variants contained in the first register of the '' Reallexikons der Germanischen Altertumskunde''. The first column contains the English name and its variants, if one is common, otherwise the traditional ancient name. The second column contains ancient names of Latin and Greek authors, the latter both in transcription and in Greek. The third column gives a brief description followed by a location. The fifth column gives important sources of tradition for the group in question. The few main ancient sources for names and location of Germanic tribes are not linked. These are: *

Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in Caesar's civil wa ...

: ''

Commentarii de Bello Gallico ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'' (; ), also ''Bellum Gallicum'' (), is Julius Caesar's first-hand account of the Gallic Wars, written as a third-person narrative. In it, Caesar describes the battles and intrigues that took place in the nine yea ...

'' *

Jordanes Jordanes (; Greek language, Greek: Ιορδάνης), also written as Jordanis or Jornandes, was a 6th-century Eastern Roman bureaucrat, claimed to be of Goths, Gothic descent, who became a historian later in life. He wrote two works, one on R ...

: ''De origine actibusque Getarum'', short ''

Getica ''De origine actibusque Getarum'' (''The Origin and Deeds of the Getae''), commonly abbreviated ''Getica'' (), written in Late Latin by Jordanes in or shortly after 551 AD, claims to be a summary of a voluminous account by Cassiodorus of the ori ...

'' *

Ptolemy Claudius Ptolemy (; , ; ; – 160s/170s AD) was a Greco-Roman mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine science, Byzant ...

: ''

Geography Geography (from Ancient Greek ; combining 'Earth' and 'write', literally 'Earth writing') is the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth. Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding o ...

'' *

Tacitus Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus ( , ; – ), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars. Tacitus’ two major historical works, ''Annals'' ( ...

: ''

Linguistic predecessors

Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. No direct record of Proto-Indo-European exists; its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-Euro ...

speakers **

Proto-Germanic Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the linguistic reconstruction, reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic languages, Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages. Proto-Germanic eventually developed from ...

speakers

Possible ethnolinguistic kinship

East Germanic peoples ( Vandilians)

* Avarpi *

Burgundians The Burgundians were an early Germanic peoples, Germanic tribe or group of tribes. They appeared east in the middle Rhine region in the third century AD, and were later moved west into the Roman Empire, in Roman Gaul, Gaul. In the first and seco ...

/ Burgundiones / Burgundes / Burgodiones ( Frugundiones? may have been a variant of Burgundiones with the "B" as an "F" Furgundiones > Frugundiones) ( Urugundes? may have been a variant of Burgundes without the initial "B" (B)urugundes > Urugundes, i.e. the

) (at the time of the

and

Decline of the Roman Empire The fall of the Western Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome, was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast ...

, they founded the Burgundian Kingdom) (

or part of them may have dwelt in

Bornholm Bornholm () is a List of islands of Denmark, Danish island in the Baltic Sea, to the east of the rest of Denmark, south of Sweden, northeast of Germany and north of Poland. Strategically located, Bornholm has been fought over for centuries. I ...

island for a time – old name of the island was ''Borgundarholm'') (they were assimilated by the

Gallo-Roman Gallo-Roman culture was a consequence of the Romanization (cultural), Romanization of Gauls under the rule of the Roman Empire in Roman Gaul. It was characterized by the Gaulish adoption or adaptation of Roman culture, Roman culture, language ...

majority, however their

ethnonym An ethnonym () is a name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (whose name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms, or endonyms (whose name is created and used ...

was the origin for the name of the region

Burgundy Burgundy ( ; ; Burgundian: ''Bregogne'') is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France. The province was once home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th century. ...

– '' Bourgogne''): Nibelungs (

Old German Old High German (OHG; ) is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally identified as the period from around 500/750 to 1050. Rather than representing a single supra-regional form of German, Old High German encompasses the numerous ...

) / Niflung (

Old Norse Old Norse, also referred to as Old Nordic or Old Scandinavian, was a stage of development of North Germanic languages, North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants ...

), clan that was the Burgundian royal house known as Gibichungs (

) or Gjúkings (

) *

Goths The Goths were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe. They were first reported by Graeco-Roman authors in the 3rd century AD, living north of the Danube in what is ...

/ Gothones /

Gutones The Gutones (also spelled Guthones, Gotones etc) were a Germanic people who were reported by Roman era writers in the 1st and 2nd centuries to have lived in what is now Poland. The most accurate description of their location, by the geographer Pto ...

/ Gautae /

Geats The Geats ( ; ; ; ), sometimes called ''Geats#Goths, Goths'', were a large North Germanic peoples, North Germanic tribe who inhabited ("land of the Geats") in modern southern Sweden from antiquity until the Late Middle Ages. They are one of ...

Gepids The Gepids (; ) were an East Germanic tribes, East Germanic tribe who lived in the area of modern Romania, Hungary, and Serbia, roughly between the Tisza, Sava, and Carpathian Mountains. They were said to share the religion and language of the G ...

/ Hreidgoths *** Gothi Minores ***

Greuthungi The Greuthungi (also spelled Greutungi) were a Goths, Gothic people who lived on the Pontic–Caspian steppe, Pontic steppe between the Dniester River, Dniester and Don river, Don rivers in what is now Ukraine, in the 3rd and the 4th centuries. T ...

(direct ancestors or an older name of the

Ostrogoths The Ostrogoths () were a Roman-era Germanic peoples, Germanic people. In the 5th century, they followed the Visigoths in creating one of the two great Goths, Gothic kingdoms within the Western Roman Empire, drawing upon the large Gothic populatio ...

) ****

/ Hreiðgoths (at the time of the

and

, they founded the

Ostrogothic Kingdom The Ostrogothic Kingdom, officially the Kingdom of Italy (), was a barbarian kingdom established by the Germanic Ostrogoths that controlled Italian peninsula, Italy and neighbouring areas between 493 and 553. Led by Theodoric the Great, the Ost ...

Pannonia Pannonia (, ) was a Roman province, province of the Roman Empire bounded on the north and east by the Danube, on the west by Noricum and upper Roman Italy, Italy, and on the southward by Dalmatia (Roman province), Dalmatia and upper Moesia. It ...

, northern

Illyria In classical and late antiquity, Illyria (; , ''Illyría'' or , ''Illyrís''; , ''Illyricum'') was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by numerous tribes of people collectively known as the Illyrians. The Ancient Gree ...

and

Italia Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

) (they were assimilated by the Italo-Roman majority) *****

Crimean Goths The Crimean Goths were either a Greuthungi- Gothic tribe or a Western Germanic tribe that bore the name '' Gothi'', a title applied to various Germanic tribes that remained in the lands around the Black Sea, especially in Crimea. They were the ...

(existed as a people until 16th and 17th centuries in southern Crimea Peninsula or

Taurida The recorded history of the Crimean Peninsula, historically known as ''Tauris'', ''Taurica'' (), and the ''Tauric Chersonese'' (, "Tauric Peninsula"), begins around the 5th century BCE when several Greek colonies were established along its coast ...

Peninsula) (they were later assimilated by Crimea Germans, Black Sea Germans, Crimean Greeks and

Crimean Tatars Crimean Tatars (), or simply Crimeans (), are an Eastern European Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group and nation indigenous to Crimea. Their ethnogenesis lasted thousands of years in Crimea and the northern regions along the coast of the Blac ...

) ***

Thervingi The Thervingi, Tervingi, or Teruingi (sometimes pluralised Tervings or Thervings) were a Gothic people of the plains north of the Lower Danube and west of the Dniester River in the 3rd and the 4th centuries. They had close contacts with the Gre ...

(direct ancestors or an older name of the

Visigoths The Visigoths (; ) were a Germanic people united under the rule of a king and living within the Roman Empire during late antiquity. The Visigoths first appeared in the Balkans, as a Roman-allied Barbarian kingdoms, barbarian military group unite ...

) ****

(at the time of the

and

, they founded the

Visigothic Kingdom The Visigothic Kingdom, Visigothic Spain or Kingdom of the Goths () was a Barbarian kingdoms, barbarian kingdom that occupied what is now southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to the 8th centuries. One of the Germanic people ...

in Southern

Gaul Gaul () was a region of Western Europe first clearly described by the Roman people, Romans, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and parts of Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, and Northern Italy. It covered an area of . Ac ...

and

Hispania Hispania was the Ancient Rome, Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two Roman province, provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was divide ...

) (they were assimilated by the Hispano-Roman majority) *

Herules The Heruli (also Eluri, Eruli, Herules, Herulians) were one of the smaller Germanic peoples of Late Antiquity, known from records in the third to sixth centuries AD. The best recorded group of Heruli established a kingdom north of the Middle Danu ...

, East Germanic (East Germanic

) **East

**West

* Lemovii (= Turcilingi?) (also probably identical with

Widsith "Widsith" (, "far-traveller", lit. "wide-journey"), also known as "The Traveller's Song", is an Old English poem of 143 lines. It survives only in the '' Exeter Book'' (''pages 84v–87r''), a manuscript of Old English poetry compiled in the la ...

's Glommas, Glomma or Glomman was the singular form) * Lugians ( Longiones?) (=

Vandals The Vandals were a Germanic people who were first reported in the written records as inhabitants of what is now Poland, during the period of the Roman Empire. Much later, in the fifth century, a group of Vandals led by kings established Vand ...

?) ** Buri ( Lugi Buri) (part of the Buri accompanied the

Suebi file:1st century Germani.png, 300px, The approximate positions of some Germanic peoples reported by Graeco-Roman authors in the 1st century. Suebian peoples in red, and other Irminones in purple. The Suebi (also spelled Suavi, Suevi or Suebians ...

in their invasion of

, the

Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula ( ), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe. Mostly separated from the rest of the European landmass by the Pyrenees, it includes the territories of peninsular Spain and Continental Portugal, comprisin ...

, and established themselves in a mountainous area of modern northern Portugal in the 5th century. They settled in the region between the rivers Cávado and Homem, in the area known as

Terras de Bouro Terras de Bouro (), also known as Terras de Boiro, is a municipality in the district of Braga in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 7,253, in an area of 277.46 km². It is bordered to the north by Ponte da Barca and Spain, to the east by M ...

(Lands of the Buri) – ''Bouros'' = '' Buri'' – '' Buros'' in the masculine

accusative In grammar, the accusative case (abbreviated ) of a noun is the grammatical case used to receive the direct object of a transitive verb. In the English language, the only words that occur in the accusative case are pronouns: "me", "him", "her", " ...

Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...

declension In linguistics, declension (verb: ''to decline'') is the changing of the form of a word, generally to express its syntactic function in the sentence by way of an inflection. Declension may apply to nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and det ...

) ** Diduni ( Lugi Diduni) / Dunii / Duni (Δοῦνοι – Doūnoi was the Greek variant of the Latin name) ** Harii ** Helisii / Elysii / Helusii / Hellusii ** Manimi /

Omani Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country located on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in West Asia and the Middle East. It shares land borders with Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Oman’s coastline ...

? / Omanii? ( Lugi Omani?) (the

may have been the same as the Manimi) ** Marsigni **

/ Vandilii (at the time of the

and

, they migrated towards West allied with a

Sarmatian The Sarmatians (; ; Latin: ) were a large confederation of Ancient Iranian peoples, ancient Iranian Eurasian nomads, equestrian nomadic peoples who dominated the Pontic–Caspian steppe, Pontic steppe from about the 5th century BCE to the 4t ...

Iranian Iranian () may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Iran ** Iranian diaspora, Iranians living outside Iran ** Iranian architecture, architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia ** Iranian cuisine, cooking traditions and practic ...

people, the

Alans The Alans () were an ancient and medieval Iranian peoples, Iranic Eurasian nomads, nomadic pastoral people who migrated to what is today North Caucasus – while some continued on to Europe and later North Africa. They are generally regarded ...

, and founded the Vandalic Kingdom first in the Southern and Western regions of

, the

Hasdingi The Hasdingi were one of the Vandal peoples of the Roman era. The Vandals were Germanic peoples, who are believed to have spoken an East Germanic language, and were first reported during the first centuries of the Roman empire in the area which i ...

Vandals, settled in

Gallaecia Gallaecia, also known as Hispania Gallaecia, was the name of a Roman province in the north-west of Hispania, approximately present-day Galicia, northern Portugal, Asturias and Leon and the later Kingdom of Gallaecia. The Roman cities inclu ...

, the

Silingi The Silings or Silingi (; – ) were a Germanic tribe, part of the larger Vandal group. The Silingi at one point lived in Silesia, and the names ''Silesia'' and ''Silingi'' may be related.Jerzy Strzelczyk, "Wandalowie i ich afrykańskie państw ...

vandals settled in

Baetica Hispania Baetica, often abbreviated Baetica, was one of three Roman provinces created in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula) in 27 BC. Baetica was bordered to the west by Lusitania, and to the northeast by Tarraconensis. Baetica remained one of ...

, roughly today's

Andalusia Andalusia ( , ; , ) is the southernmost autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Peninsular Spain, located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomou ...

; sometime after many left

, and migrated to

North Africa North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region. However, it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of t ...

) (they were assimilated by the Hispano-Roman majority in

, however their

was the origin for the name of the region

– (V)andalusia and for the

Arabic Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ...

name of

and the

–

Al-Andalus Al-Andalus () was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula. The name refers to the different Muslim states that controlled these territories at various times between 711 and 1492. At its greatest geographical extent, it occupied most o ...

) (they were assimilated by the

Berber Berber or Berbers may refer to: Ethnic group * Berbers, an ethnic group native to Northern Africa * Berber languages, a family of Afro-Asiatic languages Places * Berber, Sudan, a town on the Nile People with the surname * Ady Berber (1913–196 ...

majority and African-Romans in

, including the

Moors The term Moor is an Endonym and exonym, exonym used in European languages to designate the Muslims, Muslim populations of North Africa (the Maghreb) and the Iberian Peninsula (particularly al-Andalus) during the Middle Ages. Moors are not a s ...

, in the narrow sense, the descendants of the

Mauri Mauri (from which derives the English term "Moors") was the Latin designation for the Berber population of Mauretania, located in the west side of North Africa on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesarien ...

) *** Asdingi /

Astingi The Hasdingi were one of the Vandal peoples of the Roman era. The Vandals were Germanic peoples, who are believed to have spoken an East Germanic language, and were first reported during the first centuries of the Roman empire in the area which is ...

( Haddingjar?) *** Helvecones / Helveconae / Aelvaeones / Elouaiones (possibly the Ilwan and Eolas of

; ''Eolas'' was the nominative plural and ''Eolum'' the dative plural) *** Lacringes /

Lacringi The Lacringi were an ancient Germanic tribe who participated in the Marcomannic Wars during the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius. After the tribes' initial crossing of the Danube was pushed back, their Vandal allies, the Astingi staged another i ...

***

Nahanarvali The Nahanarvali, also known as the Nahavali, Naha-Narvali, and Nahanavali, were a Germanic tribe mentioned by the Roman scholar Tacitus in his ''Germania''. According to Tacitus, the Nahanarvali were one of the five most powerful tribes of the Lu ...

***

(same as the

?) (at one point they lived in

Silesia Silesia (see names #Etymology, below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Silesia, Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at 8, ...

, and the name of this region could be derived from their

as well as, although indirectly,

– (V)andal-usia, where

Vandals initially settled in

) ***

Victohali The Victohali were a people of Late Antiquity who lived north of the Lower Danube. In Greek their name is ''Biktoa'' or ''Biktoloi''. They were possibly a Germanic people, and it has been suggested that they were one of the tribes of the Vandals. ...

Victuali The Victohali were a people of Late Antiquity who lived north of the Lower Danube. In Greek their name is ''Biktoa'' or ''Biktoloi''. They were possibly a Germanic people, and it has been suggested that they were one of the tribes of the Vandals. ...

/ Victabali * Rugi /

Rugii The Rugii, Rogi or Rugians (), were one of the smaller Germanic peoples of Late Antiquity who are best known for their short-lived 5th-century kingdom upon the Roman frontier, near present-day Krems an der Donau in Austria. This kingdom, like t ...

/ / Ulmerugi / Variant

name for the

Rugians The Rugii, Rogi or Rugians (), were one of the smaller Germanic peoples of Late Antiquity who are best known for their short-lived 5th-century kingdom upon the Roman frontier, near present-day Krems an der Donau in Austria. This kingdom, like t ...

: Rugiclei? /

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

names and variants for the

: Rougíklioi / Routiklioi *

Sciri The Sciri, or Scirians, were a Germanic people. They are believed to have spoken an East Germanic language. Their name probably means "the pure ones". The Sciri were mentioned already in the late 3rd century BC as participants in a raid on the ...

** Angisciri * Sulones (may have been the same as the

) * Turcilingi / Torcolingi (may have been ancestors of part of the

Thuringians The Thuringii, or Thuringians were a Germanic peoples, Germanic people who lived in the kingdom of the Thuringians that appeared during the late Migration Period south of the Harz Mountains of central Germania, a region still known today as Thur ...

) * Vidivarii * Visburgi / Visburgii

North Germanic peoples North Germanic peoples, Nordic peoples and in a medieval context Norsemen, were a Germanic peoples, Germanic linguistic group originating from the Scandinavian Peninsula. They are identified by their cultural similarities, common ancestry and com ...
(
Norsemen The Norsemen (or Northmen) were a cultural group in the Early Middle Ages, originating among speakers of Old Norse in Scandinavia. During the late eighth century, Scandinavians embarked on a Viking expansion, large-scale expansion in all direc ...
)

*East North Germanic (East Scandinavians) ** Ahelmil ** Aviones / Chaibones / Eowan (more probably they lived in

Öland Öland (, ; ; sometimes written ''Oland'' internationally) is the second-largest Swedish island and the smallest of the traditional provinces of Sweden. Öland has an area of and is located in the Baltic Sea just off the coast of Småland. ...

island, southeastern

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...

, and not in

Jutland Jutland (; , ''Jyske Halvø'' or ''Cimbriske Halvø''; , ''Kimbrische Halbinsel'' or ''Jütische Halbinsel'') is a peninsula of Northern Europe that forms the continental portion of Denmark and part of northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein). It ...

Peninsula) ** Bergio ** Brondingas / Brondingar ( Brondings) (East North Germanic tribe that lived in the island of Brännö, west of

Gothenburg Gothenburg ( ; ) is the List of urban areas in Sweden by population, second-largest city in Sweden, after the capital Stockholm, and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries. Situated by the Kattegat on the west coast of Sweden, it is the gub ...

in the Kattegatt) **

Danes Danes (, ), or Danish people, are an ethnic group and nationality native to Denmark and a modern nation identified with the country of Denmark. This connection may be ancestral, legal, historical, or cultural. History Early history Denmark ...

(Germanic tribe): Scyldingas ( Skjöldungar) clan ** Dauciones ** Eunixi ** Evagreotingis / Evagres ** Favonae ** Fervir (in Fyæræ) ** Finnaithae (old name for

Finnveden Finnveden or Finnheden is one of the ancient ''small lands'' of Småland. It corresponded to the hundreds of Sunnerbo, Östbo and Västbo. Finnveden had its own judicial system and laws, as did the other ''small lands''. Finnveden is situated ar ...

, the name derives from an old Germanic word for hunters – ''finn'', they were not necessarily Finnic or

Saami The Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute (SAAMI, pronounced "Sammy") is an association of American manufacturers of firearms, ammunition, and components. SAAMI is an accredited standards developer that publishes several A ...

) (they lived in

, Western

Småland Småland () is a historical Provinces of Sweden, province () in southern Sweden. Småland borders Blekinge, Scania, Halland, Västergötland, Östergötland and the island Öland in the Baltic Sea. The name ''Småland'' literally means "small la ...

) ** Firaesi / Phiraisoi ** Gevlegas / Gevlegar ( Gefflegas / Gevlegs) (East North Germanic tribe that dwelt in today's

Gävleborg County Gävleborg County () is a Counties of Sweden, county or ''län'' on the Baltic Sea coast of Sweden. It borders the counties of Uppsala County, Uppsala, Västmanland County, Västmanland, Dalarna County, Dalarna, Jämtland County, Jämtland and V� ...

) **

, Scandinavian ( Scandinavian Goths) ***

/ Gautigoths, Scandinavian ( Scandinavian Gautigoths) / Gautae *** Ostrogothae, Scandinavian (Scandinavian Ostrogoths): '' Wulfings'' / '' Ylfings'' clan ***

Gutes The Gutes ( Old West Norse: ''Gotar'', Old Gutnish: ''Gutar'') were a North Germanic tribe inhabiting the island of Gotland. The ethnonym is related to that of the ''Goths'' (''Gutans''), and both names were originally Proto-Germanic *''Gutan ...

/ Gotlanders / Vagoths / Valagoths **Hallin / Hilleviones? (possibly they lived in

Halland Halland () is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden (''landskap''), on the western coast of Götaland, southern Sweden. It borders Västergötland, Småland, Skåne, Scania and the sea of Kattegat. Until 1645 and the Second Treaty of Br ...

and were the same as the tribe called Hallin by

) ** Hälsingas / Hälsingar ( Hälsings) (East North Germanic tribe that lived in

Hälsingland Hälsingland (), sometimes referred to by the Latin name Helsingia, is a historical Provinces of Sweden, province or ''landskap'' in central Sweden. It borders Gästrikland, Dalarna, Härjedalen, Medelpad and the Gulf of Bothnia. It is part of ...

) **

, Scandinavian (Scandinavian

/ Erules) ** Hocings (tribe or clan of Hnæf, son of ''Hoc Healfdene'' – Hoc, the Half Dane, mentioned by

, may have been the same chieftain known as Haki by the

Norsemen The Norsemen (or Northmen) were a cultural group in the Early Middle Ages, originating among speakers of Old Norse in Scandinavia. During the late eighth century, Scandinavians embarked on a Viking expansion, large-scale expansion in all direc ...

, mentioned in the

Ynglinga Saga ''Ynglinga saga'' ( ) is a Kings' sagas, Kings' saga, originally written in Old Norse by the Icelanders, Icelandic poet and historian Snorri Sturluson about 1225. It is the first section of his ''Heimskringla''. It was first translated into Engl ...

) ** Levoni / Levonii ** Liothida **Mixi ** Njars ** Otingis ** Sitones ** Suðrmenn (in

Södermanland Södermanland ( ), locally Sörmland, sometimes referred to under its Latinisation of names, Latinized form Sudermannia or Sudermania, is a Provinces of Sweden, historical province (or ) on the south eastern coast of Sweden. It borders Österg� ...

) **

Suiones The Swedes (; Old Norse: ''svíar,'' ) were a North Germanic tribe who inhabited Svealand ("land of the Swedes") in central Sweden. Along with Geats and Gutes, they were one of the progenitor groups of modern Swedes. They had their tribal cent ...

/ Sviones / Suehans / Suetidi / Suetides (ancient

Swedes Swedes (), or Swedish people, are an ethnic group native to Sweden, who share a common ancestry, Culture of Sweden, culture, History of Sweden, history, and Swedish language, language. They mostly inhabit Sweden and the other Nordic countries, ...

) ( Svíar): Wægmunding clan; Ynglings / Scylfings clan ( Scylfingas / ''Skilfingar'') *** Västermännen (in

Västmanland Västmanland ( or ) is a historical Swedish province, or , in middle Sweden. It borders Södermanland, Närke, Värmland, Dalarna and Uppland. Västmanland means "West Man Land" or, less literally, "The Land of the Western Men", where the "we ...

) ( Svionic tribe that lived to the west of

Uppland Uppland is a historical province or ' on the eastern coast of Sweden, just north of Stockholm, the capital. It borders Södermanland, Västmanland and Gästrikland. It is also bounded by lake Mälaren and the Baltic Sea. The name literally ...

) (not to be confused with the Vestmenn –

word for the

Gaels The Gaels ( ; ; ; ) are an Insular Celts, Insular Celtic ethnolinguistic group native to Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man. They are associated with the Goidelic languages, Gaelic languages: a branch of the Celtic languages comprising ...

Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...

and

Britain Britain most often refers to: * Great Britain, a large island comprising the countries of England, Scotland and Wales * The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a sovereign state in Europe comprising Great Britain and the north-eas ...

) ** Virdar (in

) ** Theustes ** Vinili / Winnili / Vinoviloth (Scandinavian

Lombards The Lombards () or Longobards () were a Germanic peoples, Germanic people who conquered most of the Italian Peninsula between 568 and 774. The medieval Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the ''History of the Lombards'' (written betwee ...

Longobards The Lombards () or Longobards () were a Germanic people who conquered most of the Italian Peninsula between 568 and 774. The medieval Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the '' History of the Lombards'' (written between 787 and 796) t ...

or Langobards): Hundingas / Hundings clan? **

Normans The Normans (Norman language, Norman: ''Normaunds''; ; ) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norsemen, Norse Viking settlers and locals of West Francia. The Norse settlements in West Franc ...

– they were formed by the merger and assimilation of a North Germanic-speaking minority and

Frankish Frankish may refer to: * Franks, a Germanic tribe and their culture ** Frankish language or its modern descendants, Franconian languages, a group of Low Germanic languages also commonly referred to as "Frankish" varieties * Francia, a post-Roman ...

(

West Germanic The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic languages, Germanic family of languages (the others being the North Germanic languages, North Germanic and the extinct East Germanic languages, East Germ ...

) minority with a

majority,

ethnogenesis Ethnogenesis (; ) is the formation and development of an ethnic group. This can originate by group self-identification or by outside identification. The term ''ethnogenesis'' was originally a mid-19th-century neologism that was later introduce ...

of the native people inhabiting

Normandy Normandy (; or ) is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy. Normandy comprises Normandy (administrative region), mainland Normandy (a part of France) and insular N ...

, in

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

***

Anglo-Normans The Anglo-Normans (, ) were the medieval ruling class in the Kingdom of England following the Norman Conquest. They were primarily a combination of Normans, Bretons, Flemings, French people, Frenchmen, Anglo-Saxons and Celtic Britons. Afte ...

*West North Germanic (West Scandinavians) ** Adogit / Halogit / Háleygir (they lived in

Hålogaland Hålogaland was the northernmost of the Norwegian provinces in the medieval Norse sagas. In the early Viking Age, before Harald Fairhair, Hålogaland was a kingdom extending between the Namdalen valley in Trøndelag county and the Lyng ...

) (northernmost Germanic tribe) ** Aprochi ** Arothi (" Arochi") ** Augandii / Augandzi ( Egðir) / Augandxii (in

Agder Agder is a counties of Norway, county () and districts of Norway, traditional region in the southern part of Norway and is coextensive with the Southern Norway region. The county was established on 1 January 2020, when the old Vest-Agder and Au ...

, southern

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of ...

) ** Chaedini / Chaedenoi (possibly in Hedemark /

Hedmark Hedmark () was a Counties of Norway, county in Norway from 1 January 1919 to 31 December 2019, bordering Trøndelag to the north, Oppland to the west, Akershus to the south, and Sweden to the east. The county administration is in Hamar. Hedmar ...

) ** Doelir (possibly a tribe that lived inland, in the valleys of Dalen, Telemark,

Tokke Tokke is a List of municipalities of Norway, municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the Traditional districts of Norway, traditional district of Vest-Telemark. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Dal ...

Telemark Telemark () is a Counties of Norway, county and a current electoral district in Norway. Telemark borders the counties of Vestfold, Buskerud, Vestland, Rogaland and Agder. In 2020, Telemark merged with the county of Vestfold to form the county o ...

, many of the counties were based on older tribal lands or territories) ** Filir / Fjalir ** Firdir (tribe that lived in today's

Sogn og Fjordane Sogn og Fjordane (; literally "Parish and the Fjords") was a Counties of Norway, county in western Norway, from 1 January 1919 to 31 December 2019, after it was merged to become part of Vestland county. Bordering previous counties Møre og Romsda ...

county, ''Firdafylke'' was one of two historic counties, many of the counties were based on older tribal lands or territories) ** Granni / Grenir ** Haðar ** Háleygir ** Heinir / Heiðnir (Chaideinoi / Haednas) (in

) ** Horðar (in

Hordaland Hordaland () was a county in Norway, bordering Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Telemark, and Rogaland counties. Hordaland was the third largest county, after Akershus and Oslo, by population. The county government was the Hordaland County Munici ...

, known before as ''Hordafylke'', many of the counties were based on older tribal lands or territories) (not originating from the Charudes/ Harudes in

) ** Hringar (name means "rings", from ''hring'' – "ring") ** Lidingar / Lidingas ** Jamtr / Jamtar ** Ragnaricii / Aeragnaricii **

Rani ''Rani'' () is a female title, equivalent to queen, for royal or princely rulers in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It translates to 'queen' in English. It is also a Sanskrit Hindu feminine given name. The term applies equally to a ...

/ Ranii / Renir ** Raumarici / Raumariciae / Raumar ( Heatho-Reams of

) (they lived in today's

Romerike Romerike is a Districts of Norway, traditional district located north-east of Oslo, in what is today south-eastern Norway. It consists of the Akershus municipalities Lillestrøm, Lørenskog, Nittedal, Rælingen and Aurskog-Høland in the southern ...

) ** Rugi, Scandinavian ( Scandinavian Rugi) /

Rygir The Rugii, Rogi or Rugians (), were one of the smaller Germanic peoples of Late Antiquity who are best known for their short-lived 5th-century kingdom upon the Roman frontier, near present-day Krems an der Donau in Austria. This kingdom, like t ...

( Holmrygir of

) ** Taetel ** Throwenas / Throwenar ( Throwens of

) (West North Germanic tribe that possibly dwelt in

Trøndelag Trøndelag (; or is a county and coextensive with the Trøndelag region (also known as ''Midt-Norge'' or ''Midt-Noreg,'' "Mid-Norway") in the central part of Norway. It was created in 1687, then named Trondhjem County (); in 1804 the county was ...

) ** Wrosnas (mentioned by

as a tribe ruled by Holen, possibly from Holen) ** Old Faroese / Old Faroe Islanders (formed by the merger of several West North Germanic tribes with the addition of

Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language *Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Foot ...

that settled in the

Faroe islands The Faroe Islands ( ) (alt. the Faroes) are an archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean and an autonomous territory of the Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark. Located between Iceland, Norway, and the United Kingdom, the islands have a populat ...

) ** Old Icelanders (formed by the merger of several West North Germanic tribes with the addition of

that settled in

Iceland Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...

) (they were organized in clans in the

Icelandic Commonwealth The Icelandic Commonwealth, also known as the Icelandic Free State, was the political unit existing in Iceland between the establishment of the Althing () in 930 and the pledge of fealty to the Norwegian king with the Old Covenant in 1262. W ...

– Icelandic clans: Ásbirningar; Haukdælir; Oddaverjar; Sturlungar; Svínfellingar; Vatnsfirðingar) *** Greenland Norsemen (mainly descendants from Old Icelanders that settled in Norse Greenland) **

Vikings Vikings were seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded, and settled throughout parts of Europe.Roesdahl, pp. 9� ...

(in the Western Europe) /

Varangians The Varangians ( ; ; ; , or )Varangian
," Online Etymology Dictionary were

Norse i.e. North Germanic origin that went to or returned from other lands regardless of the tribe, they were not a specific Norse tribe or a Norse ethnic group, their arising in History is called

) (they contributed to the formation of the Rus’ people and

Kievan Rus' Kievan Rus', also known as Kyivan Rus,. * was the first East Slavs, East Slavic state and later an amalgam of principalities in Eastern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century.John Channon & Robert Hudson, ''Penguin Historical At ...

loose

federation A federation (also called a federal state) is an entity characterized by a political union, union of partially federated state, self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a #Federal governments, federal government (federalism) ...

that was ruled by the

Varangian The Varangians ( ; ; ; , or )Varangian
," Online Etymology Dictionary were

Rurik dynasty The Rurik dynasty, also known as the Rurikid or Riurikid dynasty, as well as simply Rurikids or Riurikids, was a noble lineage allegedly founded by the Varangian prince Rurik, who, according to tradition, established himself at Novgorod in the ...

) / Ascomanni (name for the

Adam of Bremen Adam of Bremen (; ; before 1050 – 12 October 1081/1085) was a German medieval chronicler. He lived and worked in the second half of the eleventh century. Adam is most famous for his chronicle '' Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum'' ('' ...

)

West Germanic peoples

Image:Tribal Hidage 2.svg, 400px, alt=insert description of map here, Map 15: The tribes of the

Tribal Hidage Image:Tribal Hidage 2.svg, 400px, alt=insert description of map here, The tribes of the Tribal Hidage. Where an appropriate article exists, it can be found by clicking on the name. rect 275 75 375 100 w:Elmet rect 375 100 450 150 w:Hatfield Ch ...

. Where an appropriate article exists, it can be found by clicking on the name. rect 275 75 375 100 w:Elmet rect 375 100 450 150 w:Hatfield Chase rect 425 150 525 175 w:Kingdom of Lindsey rect 200 170 300 195 w:Pecsaetan rect 250 250 425 275 w:Mercia rect 475 300 550 315 Spalding rect 460 300 550 375 North & South Gyrwa rect 75 315 200 340 w:Wreocensæte rect 350 350 425 375 w:Sweordora rect 40 375 125 400 w:Magonsæte rect 575 375 700 400 w:Kingdom of East Anglia rect 185 400 275 425 w:Arosæte rect 410 450 460 475 w:River Ivel rect 410 475 460 500 w:Hitchin rect 175 500 225 550 w:Hwicce rect 250 475 360 525 w:Charlbury rect 365 525 425 575 w:Cilternsæte rect 430 530 575 565 w:Kingdom of Essex rect 520 650 675 675 w:Kingdom of Kent rect 150 675 295 700 w:Wessex rect 400 725 550 750 w:Kingdom of Sussex rect 285 775 375 800 w:Isle of Wight Kingdom of Mercia

* Elbe Germani (

Herminones The Irminones, also referred to as Herminones or Hermiones (), were a large group of early Germanic tribes settling in the Elbe watershed and by the first century AD expanding into Bavaria, Swabia, and Bohemia. Notably this included the large su ...

/ Hermiones /

Irminones The Irminones, also referred to as Herminones or Hermiones (), were a large group of early Germanic tribes settling in the Elbe watershed and by the first century AD expanding into Bavaria, Swabia, and Bohemia. Notably this included the large sub ...

) ** Baemi- Baenochaemae *** Baemi / Baimoi *** Baenochaemae / Banochaemae ** Bateinoi ** Calucones (ancient Germanic tribe, not to be confuse with the Calucones, a

Rhaetian The Rhaetian is the latest age (geology), age of the Triassic period (geology), Period (in geochronology) or the uppermost stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Triassic system (stratigraphy), System (in chronostratigraphy). It was preceded by the N ...

tribe) ** Caritni / Carini **

Chatti The Chatti (also Chatthi or Catti) were an ancient Germanic tribe whose homeland was near the upper Weser (''Visurgis'') river. They lived in central and northern Hesse and southern Lower Saxony, along the upper reaches of that river and in ...

- Mattiaci (originally they were an Elbe Germanic people later assimilated by the

Istvaeones The Istvaeones were a Germanic group of tribes living near the banks of the Rhine during the Roman Empire which reportedly shared a common culture and origin. The Istaevones were contrasted to neighbouring groups, the Ingaevones on the North Sea ...

or Wesser-Rhine peoples, it was by the merger of the

tribes with the

and related tribes that the

Franks file:Frankish arms.JPG, Aristocratic Frankish burial items from the Merovingian dynasty The Franks ( or ; ; ) were originally a group of Germanic peoples who lived near the Rhine river, Rhine-river military border of Germania Inferior, which wa ...

were formed) ***

/ Hatti (their

may have originated the name

Hesse Hesse or Hessen ( ), officially the State of Hesse (), is a States of Germany, state in Germany. Its capital city is Wiesbaden, and the largest urban area is Frankfurt, which is also the country's principal financial centre. Two other major hist ...

by phonetic change over time) *** Mattiaci *** Batavi-

Cananefates The Cananefates, or Canninefates, Caninefates, or Canenefatae, meaning 'boat masters' – or less likely, 'leek masters' – were a Germanic tribe, who lived in the Rhine delta, in western Batavia (later Betuwe), in the Roman province of ''Germ ...

**** Batavi ****

/ Canninefates **

Chasuarii The Chasuarii were an ancient Germanic peoples, Germanic tribe known from the reports of authors writing in the time of the Roman Empire. They lived somewhere to the east and north of the Rhine, near the modern river Hase, which feeds into the Ems ...

/ Hasuarii (closely related or not to the

) ** Chattuarii / Attoarii / Hattuarii / Hetware (possibly mentioned in

Beowulf ''Beowulf'' (; ) is an Old English poetry, Old English poem, an Epic poetry, epic in the tradition of Germanic heroic legend consisting of 3,182 Alliterative verse, alliterative lines. It is one of the most important and List of translat ...

as ''Hetwaras'') (they lived in Hettergouw or Hetter gouw) (closely related or not to the

) ** Chatvores **

Cherusci The Cherusci were a Germanic tribe that inhabited parts of the plains and forests of northwestern Germania in the area of the Weser River and present-day Hanover during the first centuries BC and AD. Roman sources reported they considered thems ...

(some were assimilated by the Mainland

Saxons The Saxons, sometimes called the Old Saxons or Continental Saxons, were a Germanic people of early medieval "Old" Saxony () which became a Carolingian " stem duchy" in 804, in what is now northern Germany. Many of their neighbours were, like th ...

to the north) ** Fosi ** Marvingi / Marouingoi ** Suebes /

Alemanni The Alemanni or Alamanni were a confederation of Germanic peoples, Germanic tribes * * * on the Upper Rhine River during the first millennium. First mentioned by Cassius Dio in the context of the campaign of Roman emperor Caracalla of 213 CE ...

(synonymous with the Suebes in the broad sense) (large tribal confederation) *** Brisgavi *** Bucinobantes *** Butones / Boutones *** Corconti ***

Hermunduri The Hermunduri, Hermanduri, Hermunduli, Hermonduri, or Hermonduli were an ancient Germanic tribe, who occupied an inland area near the source of the Elbe river, around what is now Bohemia from the first to the third century, though they have als ...

**** Armalausi **** Campi (tribe on the river Cham or

Chamb The Chamb () is a river in Germany and the Czech Republic, a right tributary of the Regen (river), Regen River. It flows through Bavaria and Plzeň Region. It is long. Etymology The name is derived from the Celtic word ''kambos'', which transla ...

, tributary of the

Regen Regen (; Northern Bavarian: ''Reng'') is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and the district town of the district of Regen. Geography Regen is situated on the great Regen River, located in the Bavarian Forest. Divisions Originally the town consiste ...

, close to Cham city) *****

Adrabaecampi The Adrabaecampi () and Parmaecampi (, ''Parmaikampoi'') were two divisions of the Kampoi (Κάμποι), a tribe of greater Germany who, according to Ptolemy, dwelled on the north bank of the Danube south of the Gabreta Forest after the Marcoma ...

/ Campi ***** Parmaecampi **** Curiones **** Danduti ****

Vangiones The Vangiones appear first in history as an ancient Germanic peoples, Germanic tribe of unknown provenance. They threw in their lot with Ariovistus in his bid of 58 BC to invade Gaul through the Doubs river valley and lost to Julius Caesar in a ba ...

/ Vargiones / Woingas (of

) ****

( Thuringii / Toringi) (formed by the merging of

tribes, a tribal

confederation A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a political union of sovereign states united for purposes of common action. Usually created by a treaty, confederations of states tend to be established for dealing with critical issu ...

part of the Elbe Germanic peoples) (some Turcilingi or Torcolingi were assimilated to the

) (some

joined the Longobardian migration towards south) ***** Graffelti (a late

Thuringian Thuringian is an East Central German dialect group spoken in much of the modern German Free State of Thuringia north of the Rennsteig ridge, southwestern Saxony-Anhalt and adjacent territories of Hesse and Bavaria. It is close to Upper Saxon s ...

tribe that lived in Grabfeld) *** Lentienses ***

/ Langobards /

( Vinili) (

Elbe Germanic Elbe Germanic, also called Irminonic or Erminonic, is a proposed subgrouping of West Germanic languages introduced by the German linguist Friedrich Maurer (1898–1984) in his book, ''Nordgermanen und Alemanen'', to describe the West Germanic d ...

Lombards) (they lived in

Lüneburg Heath Lüneburg Heath (, ) is a large area of heath (habitat), heath, geest, and woodland in the northeastern part of the state of Lower Saxony in northern Germany. It forms part of the hinterland for the cities of Hamburg, Hanover and Bremen and is ...

) (at the time of the

and

, they founded the

Lombard Kingdom The Kingdom of the Lombards, also known as the Lombard Kingdom and later as the Kingdom of all Italy (), was an Early Middle Ages, early medieval state established by the Lombards, a Germanic people, on the Italian Peninsula in the latter part ...

) (they were assimilated by the Italo-Roman majority, however their

was the origin for name of the region

Lombardy The Lombardy Region (; ) is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population. Lombardy is ...

– ''

Lombardia The Lombardy Region (; ) is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population. Lombardy is ...

'') ****

Bardes ''Bardez'' or ''Bardes'' ( IPA: ) is a ''taluka'' of the North Goa district in the Indian state of Goa. Etymology The name is credited to the Saraswat Brahmin immigrants who emigrated to the Konkan via Magadha plains in northern India. Ba ...

**** Heaðobards / Hadubardes / Heaðubeardan ( Headubarden) ***

Marcomanni The Marcomanni were a Germanic people who lived close to the border of the Roman Empire, north of the River Danube, and are mentioned in Roman records from approximately 60 BC until about 400 AD. They were one of the most important members of th ...

****

Baiuvarii The Baiuvarii or Bavarii, sometimes simply called Bavarians (; ) were a Germanic people who lived in and near present-day southern Bavaria, which is named after them. They began to appear in records by the 6th century AD, and their culture, lang ...

(

Bavarians Bavarians are a Germans, German ethnographic group native to Bavaria, a state in Germany. The group's dialect or speech is known as Bavarian language, Bavarian, native to Altbayern ("Old Bavaria"), roughly the territory of the historic Electo ...

) *** Mugilones *** Nertereanes ***

Quadi The Quadi were a Germanic peoples, Germanic people during the Roman era, who were prominent in Greek and Roman records from about 20 AD to about 400 AD. By about 20 AD they had a kingdom centred in the area of present-day western Slovakia, north ...

/ Coldui / Danube Suebi ****Old

Swabians Swabians ( , singular ''Schwabe'') are a Germans, German ethnographic group native to the region of Swabia, which is mostly divided between the modern states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately de ...

( Danube Suebi that migrated westward) (they had a close relation with the Upper Rhine Alemanni and were descendants from common ancestors but they migrated in an East towards West migration route through the

from what is today's

Moravia Moravia ( ; ) is a historical region in the eastern Czech Republic, roughly encompassing its territory within the Danube River's drainage basin. It is one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The medieval and early ...

and from there from the

Elbe The Elbe ( ; ; or ''Elv''; Upper Sorbian, Upper and , ) is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It rises in the Giant Mountains of the northern Czech Republic before traversing much of Bohemia (western half of the Czech Republic), then Ge ...

basin in even older times, until they settled in

Swabia Swabia ; , colloquially ''Schwabenland'' or ''Ländle''; archaic English also Suabia or Svebia is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of Swabia, one of ...

) (ancestors of

Swabian German Swabian ( ) is one of the dialect groups of Upper German, sometimes one of the dialect groups of Alemannic German (in the broad sense), that belong to the High German dialect continuum. It is mainly spoken in Swabia, which is located in central ...

speakers) **** Suebi, Gallaecian ( Gallaecian Suebi) (at the time of the

and

, they founded the

Kingdom of the Suebi The Kingdom of the Suebi (), also called the Kingdom of Galicia () or Suebi Kingdom of Galicia (), was a Germanic peoples, Germanic Migration Period, post-Roman kingdom that was one of the first to separate from the Roman Empire. Based in the fo ...

, Northwestern

, roughly in today's Galicia, North Portugal and North Central Portugal,

Asturias Asturias (; ; ) officially the Principality of Asturias, is an autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in northwest Spain. It is coextensive with the provinces of Spain, province of Asturias and contains some of the territory t ...

and León) (''Suevos'') *** Racatriae / Racatae *** Raetovari *** Scotingi *** Sedusii (a Germanic tribe that dwelled across the eastern region of the

river and was part of the

c tribal confederation, mentioned by

) ***

Semnones The Semnones were a Germanic and specifically a Suebi people, located between the Elbe and the Oder in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. They were described in the late 1st century by Tacitus in his ''Germania'': "The Semnones give themselves out t ...

**** Iuthungi / Juthungi (descendants of the

) *** Sibini *** Sidini *** Suarines / Suardones (they may have lived in

Schwerin Schwerin (; Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch dialect, Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch Low German: ''Swerin''; Polabian language, Polabian: ''Zwierzyn''; Latin: ''Suerina'', ''Suerinum'') is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Germ ...

region) *** Suebi Nicrenses / Suebi, Neckar ( Neckar Suebi) / Nictrenses / Upper Alemanni ( Upper Rhine Alemanni, ancestors of

Alemannic German Alemannic, or rarely Alemannish (''Alemannisch'', ), is a group of High German dialects. The name derives from the ancient Germanic tribal confederation known as the Alemanni ("all men"). Distribution Alemannic dialects are spoken by approxi ...

speakers –

in the narrow sense) (they had a close relation with the Old Swabians and were descendants from common ancestors but they migrated in a direct North towards South migration route from the

basin until they settled in Alemannia or

Alamannia Alamannia, or Alemania, was the kingdom established and inhabited by the Alemanni, a Germanic tribal confederation that had broken through the Roman '' limes'' in 213. The Alemanni expanded from the Main River basin during the 3rd century and ...

and Eastern

Upper Burgundy Upper Burgundy (; ) was a historical region in the early medieval Burgundy, and a distinctive realm known as the ''Kingdom of Upper Burgundy'', that existed from 888 to 933, when it was incorporated into the reunited Kingdom of Burgundy, that ...

, roughly in today's Western and Western Central Baden-Wurtenberg – Neckar river basin,

Baden Baden (; ) is a historical territory in southern Germany. In earlier times it was considered to be on both sides of the Upper Rhine, but since the Napoleonic Wars, it has been considered only East of the Rhine. History The margraves of Ba ...

Alsace Alsace (, ; ) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in the Grand Est administrative region of northeastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine, next to Germany and Switzerland. In January 2021, it had a population of 1,9 ...

Lake Constance Lake Constance (, ) refers to three bodies of water on the Rhine at the northern foot of the Alps: Upper Lake Constance (''Obersee''), Lower Lake Constance (''Untersee''), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein (). These ...

–

Bodensee Lake Constance (, ) refers to three Body of water, bodies of water on the Rhine at the northern foot of the Alps: Upper Lake Constance (''Obersee''), Lower Lake Constance (''Untersee''), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhei ...

region, and Central

Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...

): Ahalolfings or Alaholfings *** Sudini *** Teuriochaemae / Teuriochaimai ***

Triboci In classical antiquity, the Triboci or Tribocci were a Germanic peoples, Germanic people of eastern Gaul, inhabiting much of what is now Alsace. Name Besides the forms Triboci and Tribocci, Schneider has the form “Triboces” in the accusative ...

***

Varisti Despite the large variations in spellings of their name the Varisci, Varisti, Naristi, or Narisci were a single Germanic people, known from several historical records from the Roman era. They lived near the Roman frontier on the Danube river, eas ...

/ Varisci / Narisci / Naristi *** Victophalians / Victofalians / Victophali / Victofali *** Zumi ** Teutonari / Teutonoari ** Varini / Warini / Auarinoi (may have been the same as the Varini, a variant name in Greek) / Viruni / Quirounoi? or Oúírounoi (possibly a mistaken transliteration of the

Ούίρουνοι = Oúírounoi – Viruni in

) / Warni / Viruni / Pharodini? / Farodini? (may have been the same as the Varini or Viruni) * North Sea Germani (

Ingaevones The Ingaevones () or Ingvaeones () were a Germanic peoples, Germanic cultural group living in the Northern Germania along the North Sea coast in the areas of Jutland, Holstein, and Lower Saxony in classical antiquity. Tribes in this area include ...

/ Ingvaeones) **

Ambrones The Ambrones () were an ancient tribe mentioned by Roman authors. They are believed by some to have been a Germanic tribe from Jutland; the Romans were not clear about their exact origin. In the late 2nd century BC, along with the fellow Cimbri ...

(possibly the Imbers / Ymbers / Ymbrum of

, tribe that dwelt in

or in the

Emmer Emmer is a hybrid species of wheat, producing edible seeds that have been used as food since ancient times. The domesticated types are ''Triticum turgidum'' subsp. ''dicoccum'' and ''T. t. ''conv.'' durum''. The wild plant is called ''T. t.'' s ...

(Ambriuna) river region; also they could have lived in the Island of

Amrum Amrum (; Öömrang, ''Öömrang'' North Frisian: ''Oomram'') is one of the North Frisian Islands on the Germany, German North Sea coast, south of Sylt and west of Föhr. It is part of the Nordfriesland district in the federal state of Schleswig-H ...

, in the

Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for se ...

coast, or in the island of Fehmarn, Imbra, now known as Fehmarn, in the Baltic Sea, Baltic coast) **Ampsivarii / Ampsivarii, Amsivarii **Angles (tribe), Angles / Angles (tribe), Anglies ***Island Angles / Insular Angles (in England they merged with

and Jutes to form the new ethnolinguistic group of the Anglo-Saxons) ***Mainland Angles / Continental Angles (later assimilated by the

in Angeln, Schleswig, North part of Schleswig-Holstein and by Frisians, North Frisians, in Southern Jutland Peninsula Atlantic coast and islands) (Aglies? a possible variant of the name Angles) **Angrivarii, Anglevarii / Angrivarii (Angrarii / Angarii) (later assimilated by the

) **Angrivarii (Angrarii / Angarii) (later assimilated by the

) **Caulci (possibly a North Sea Germanic tribe mentioned by Strabo, he wrote that they lived close to the Ocean – the North Sea, they are mentioned along with North Sea Germanic tribes –

) **Chali / Hallinger ** Charudes / Harudes / Arochi **Chaubi (possibly a North Sea Germanic tribe mentioned by Strabo, he wrote that they lived close to the Ocean – the North Sea, they are mentioned along with North Sea Germanic tribes –

) **Chauci ***Chauci, Chauci Maiores ***Chauci, Chauci Minores / Hugas (Saxon Hugas) **

(some were assimilated by the Mainland

) **Cobandi **Cimbri / Cimbri, Cymbri **Dulgubnii, Dulgibini / Dulgubnii **Eudoses / Eudoses, Eutes / Euthiones (ancestors of the Jutes or a variant name of "Jutes"; Eutes > Iutes > Yutes > Jutes) (Endoses? possibly a variant of the name "Eudoses") ***Jutes ****Jutes, Island Jutes (in England they merged with the Angles (tribe), Angles and

to form the new ethnolinguistic group of the Anglo-Saxons) ****Jutes, Mainland Jutes (later assimilated by the

, today's Mainland Denmark) **Frisii ***Frisiavones / Frisiabones (Frisii, Frisii Minores) ***Frisii (Frisii, Frisii Maiores) (possible ancestors of the Frisians) ****Frisians, Old Frisians **Fundusi (a Germanic tribe that lived in

) **Guiones (a tribe mentioned by the Massaliotes, Massiliot Greeks, Greek sea traveler and explorer Pytheas in his work – ''The Ocean'' that possibly lived in

) **Hæleþan (Haelethan) (tribe that lived near the Randers Firth in North

) **Nuithones / Nuitones **Sabalingioi / Sabalingi **

(Old Saxons)James Westfall-Thompson, Feudal Germany (1928), p. 167ff. ("Old Saxony" chapter). ***Saxons, Island Saxons / Saxons, Insular Saxons (in England they merged with the Angles (tribe), Angles and Jutes to form the new ethnolinguistic group of the Anglo-Saxons) ***Saxons, Mainland Saxons / Saxons, Continental Saxons (the variants Gau (territory), Ga, Gau (territory), Gao, Gau (territory), Gau, Gau (territory), Gabi, Gau (territory), Go, Gau (territory), Gowe, Gau (territory), Gouw, Gau (territory), Ge were the word for Gau (territory), Gau – Old Saxon or Old Low German and Old High German term (in modern times ''Districts of Germany, Kreis'') equivalent of the English Shire, regional administration, many times they matched a tribal land or territory, Old English had some traces, some Germanic cognates like ''Ga'' / ''Gа̄'' or ''Ge'', of this meaning which was ousted by Old English ''Scire'' – Shire, from an early time) ****Agradingun (same as the Angrivarii or Angarii) ****Myrgingas / Myrgings (tribe of

, the wandering bard) ****Saxons, Later Saxons (after merger and assimilation of several North Sea Germanic peoples, North Sea Germanic and

peoples and tribes) *****Nordliudi, Nordalbingi (Nordalbingians) / Nordliudi / Transalbingians (North of the

, called before Elbe, Alba or Elbe river, Albis river, in Holstein) (the original land of the

) (their land included the Limes Saxonicus and the Danish March) ******Nordliudi, Holtsaetan / Nordliudi, Holtsaeten / Nordliudi, Holtsati / Nordliudi, Holsatians / Holcetae (''Holt Saetan'' – "Forest / Wood Settlement" or "Forest / Wood Settlers" – from which Holstein originate its name, and not from "Forest Stone") (a Nordalbingian tribe, North of the Elbe river, part of the Saxons, Saxon tribal confederation) ******Thietmaresca / Thiadmariska / Men of Ditmarsch (in Dithmarschen) ******Sturmarians (Sturmarii / Sturmera) ******Bardi (Old Saxons), Bardi / Bardongavenses (they lived in Bardengawi / Barden gawi / Bardengau or Bardengau, Barden Gau) *****Angarians / Angrians (same as the Angrivarii or Angarii) (in Old Saxony, Angaria) (in the plain of Old Saxony south of the

and along Weser River, Weser river valley) ******Agradingun / Agradine (lived in Agradingo / Agradingo go) ******Almangas (they lived in Almango or Almango go) ******Ammeri ******Bursibani ******Bucki (tribe), Bucki ******Dersi ******Derve ******Heilungun (they lived in Heilanga / Heilanga ga) ******Hessi (in Hessa) (a North Hessian tribe assimilated by the Mainland

) ******Hlisgas (they lived in Hlisgo or Hlisgo go) ******Hostingabi / Hostinga (they lived in Hostingabi / Hostinga gabi) ******Huettas (they lived in Huettago or Huetta go) ******Lagni ******Lara (tribe), Lara ******Lidbeke (they lived in Lidbekegowe or Lidbeke gowe) ******Lohingi (they lived in Lohingao or Lohingi gao) ******Moronas (tribe), Moronas (they lived in Moronga (Gau), Moronga or Moron ga) ******Mosde ******Netga / Nete (tribe), Nete (they lived in Netga or Net ga) ******Pathergi / Padergi (they lived in Patherga or Pather ga) ******Sturmi (tribe), Sturmi ******Tilithi ******Waldseti / Waldseton ******Wehsige (in Wehsigo or Wehsi go) ******Wigmodia / Wihmodi (Bremen, Bremon, today's Bremen was in their land) *****Phalians (in Old Saxony, Phalia) (in the plateau of Old Saxony) ******Eastphalians (Eastphalia, Ostfalahi) (in Eastphalia) *******Derlinas (they lived in Derlingau, Derlingowe or Derlingau, Derlin Gowe – Derlingau or Derlingau, Derlin Gau) *******Flutwide *******Frisonovel *******Gretingun / Gretingas (they lived in Gretinga / Gretinga ga) *******Guottingi / Guddinges / Gotingi (a Gothic tribe that merged and assimilated to the

) (they lived in Guotinga or Guotinga ga or Gotinga ga, Göttingen region) *******Hartinas (lived in Hartingowe or Hartin gowe) *******Hasi (tribe), Hasi (they lived in Hasigowe or Hasi gowe) *******Hastfalon / Astfalon (they lived in Hastfalagowe or Hastfala gowe) *******Maerstem *******Nordsuavi (in Suavia) (a Northern

/ Suebi, Suevi tribe that merged and assimilated to the

) *******Nortthuringun (a Northern

tribe that merged and assimilated to the

) (lived in Nortthuringowe or Nort Thurin gowe) *******Salthgas (they lived in Salthga or Salth ga) ******Westphalians (Westphalia, Westfalahi / Westfali) (in Westphalia) *******Angeron (they lived in Angeron) *******Auas (they lived in Auga (Gau), Auga or Au ga) *******Dreini (they lived in Dreini) *******Grainas (they lived in Grainga or Grain ga) *******Hama (tribe), Hama (a tribe descendant of the Chamavi / Chamavi, Hamavi, a Rhine-Weser Germanic peoples, Rhine-Weser Germanic tribe, one component of the

, that was later assimilated by the Mainland

) (they lived in Hamaland or Hama land) *******Hasi (tribe), Hasi (they lived in Hasagowe) *******Lerige (lived in Lerige or Leri ge) *******Nihthersi *******Scopingun *******Sudergo (lived in Sudergo or Suder go) *******Theotmalli *******Threcwiti *******Westfalon proper *****Aringon *****Firihsetan / Virsedi *****Sahslingun *****Scotelingun *****Steoringun *****Thiadmthora *****Waledungun **Reudigni / Rendingi / Rendingi, Randingi / Rondings, Rondingas / Rondings / Reudigni, Reudignes / Reudingi / Reudigni, Reudinges **Singulones / Sigulones **Sturii (a Germanic tribe that lived south of the Frisii) **Teutones (Teutons) **Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Jutes-Saxons (Anglo-Saxons, Anglian-Jutish-Saxonian tribes, organized in

s, tribal lands) (new ethnolinguistic group formed by migration toward and settlement of Germanic tribes in Britannia, today's England, and also by assimilation of the conquered Britons (ancient), British Celts) ***Angles (tribe), Angles (Island Angles) ****Northumbrians (North of the Humber River, England, Humber estuary) *****Amoþingas / Amothingas (Emmotland in Yorkshire, anciently ''Aet Eamotum'', perhaps also Amotherley, also in Yorkshire) *****Sunderland, Beodarsæte (Anglian tribe that lived in Sunderland region) *****Elmet, Elmedsætan / Elmetsaete (Elmet) *****Loidis (Anglian tribe that lived in Leeds region) ****Southumbrians (South of the Humber River, England, Humber estuary) *****East Angles / East Anglians (in East Anglia) ******Herstingas (Anglian tribe that lived in Cambridge region) ******Ikelgas (Anglian tribe that lived in Icklingham region) ******Norfolk (tribe), Norfolk (Anglian tribe – "North folk" of East Anglia that lived in Norfolk region) ******Suffolk (tribe), Suffolk (Anglian tribe – "South folk" of East Anglia that lived in Suffolk region) *****Middle Angles / Midlanders (in Mercia, roughly today's Midlands) ******Middle Angles, East Middle Angles / Middle Angles, Middle Angles Proper (roughly in today's Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire and South Oxfordshire) *******Bilmingas / Bilmigas (part of south Lincolnshire) *******Cilternsæte / Cilternsæte, Cilternsætan (Settlers of Chiltern Hills – Middle Anglian tribe or clan) *******Dornwaras (Settlers of river Dorn – Middle Anglian tribe or clan) *******Færpingas / Feppingas / Faerpinga in Middelenglum (Charlbury and near Thame) *******Giflas / Giflas (tribe), Gifle (River Ivel, near Bedford) *******Gyrwas / Gyrwas, Gyrwe (Angle tribe or clan that dwelt in the fen) (in the The Fens, Fens) (near Peterborough region) ********Gyrwas, North Gyrwas / Gyrwas, North Gyrwe ********Gyrwas, Suth Gyrwas / Gyrwas, Suth Gyrwe *********Elge (tribe), Elge (Anglian tribe that lived in ''Isle of Ely, Elge'' – Isle of Ely) *******Hiccas / Hiccas (tribe), Hicce (around today's Hitchin) *******Hurstingas (River Ivel, near Bedford) *******Spaldas / Spaldingas (Anglian tribe that lived in Spalding, Lincolnshire, Spalding region) *******Sweordoras (Whittlesey Mere) *******Wideringas (near Stamford, Lincolnshire, Stamford) *******Wigestas *******Willas / Willas (tribe), Wille ********East Willas / Willas (tribe), East Wille ********West Willas / Willas (tribe), West Wille *******Wixnas ********East Wixnas ********West Wixnas ******Lindisfaras (Anglian tribe that lived in Lindisfarona

, Lindsey (British subdivision), Lindsey and North Lincolnshire) *******Gaininingas / Gaini (Gainsborough, Lincolnshire) *******Lindisfarningas (an outlier tribe that lived in the Lindisfarne island and region in the Northumbrian kingdom, Northumbrian coast) ******Mercians / Mercia, Mercians Proper (they founded the Kingdom of Mercia, with Mercian conquests of other Middle Angles in the 7th and 8th centuries AD, "Mercian" and "Middle Angles" became almost synonymal) *******North Mercians (the Mercians dwelling north of the River Trent, roughly in today's East Staffordshire, Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire) ********Repton, Reagesate (Anglian tribe that lived in Repton) ********Snotingas (Anglian tribe that occupied the settlement of Nottingham, Snottengaham or Nottingham, Snodengaham – modern Nottingham, Nottinghamshire) *******South Mercians (the Mercians dwelling south of the River Trent, roughly in today's South Staffordshire and North Warwickshire) ********Beormingas (Anglian tribe that lived in Birmingham region) ********Bilsaete (Bilston) ********Pencersaete (Penkridge) ********Tomsaete (Tamworth, Staffordshire) *******Outer Mercians (an early phase of Mercian expansion, possibly 6th century AD, roughly in today's South Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, Rutland, Northamptonshire and North Oxfordshire) ********Undalas (Anglian tribe that lived in Oundle, Undaium region, modern-day Oundle, in Northamptonshire) ********Wideriggas ******Pecsæte / Pecsæte, Pecsætan (Anglian tribe that lived in today's Peak District, roughly in North Derbyshire) *******Herefinnas (Derbyshire) ******Hwicce, Hwiccians / Hwicce, Hwincas (Hwicce) (roughly in today's Gloucestershire, Worcestershire and South Warwickshire) *******Arosæte / Arosæte, Arosaetan (in and around today's Droitwich Spa, Arosætna

) *******Duddensaete (Dudley) *******Husmerae (Kidderminster) *******Stoppingas (Anglian tribe that lived in Wootton Wawen and the valley of the River Alne in modern-day Warwickshire) *******Weorgoran (Worcester, England, Worcester) ******Westernas (Anglian tribe), Westernas *******Magonsæte / Magonsæte, Magonsætan (roughly in today's Herefordshire and South Shropshire) ********Hahlsæte (Ludlow) ********Temersæte (Hereford) *******Wreocensæte (Wreocensæte, Wrekinsets) (Wreocensæte, Wrēocensǣte, Wreocensæte, Wrōcensǣte, Wreocensæte, Wrōcesǣte, Wreocensæte, Wōcensǣte, Wreocensæte, Wocansaete) (Anglian tribe that lived in Wocansaetna

) (roughly in today's Northern Shropshire, Flintshire and Cheshire) ********Meresæte (in and around Chester) ********Rhiwsæte (in and around Wroxeter, Shropshire) *******Lancashire, Tribes of the Land Between Ribble and Mersey (Anglian tribes that lived in what is today's Merseyside, in the Mersey Valley Land, today's Manchester and Liverpool region – Greater Manchester, and in south of the Ribble Valley, Ribble Valley Land, today's South Lancashire, roughly today's Lancashire) (a disorganized region under Mercian control from the 7th century AD) ***Jutes (Jutes, Island Jutes) ****Cantwara / Kentish Men, Centingas (Kentish people, Kentish / Kentish Men, in Kent, Cantwarena

, Kent) *****Andredes Leag (Jute tribe that lived in Andredsley and Newenden region in Kent) *****Boroware (Jute tribe that lived in Canterbury region) *****Ceasterware (Jute tribe that lived in Rochester, Kent region) *****Eastorege (Jute tribe that lived in Sandwich, Kent region) *****Limenwara *****Merscware (Dwellers of Romney Marsh, Kent) ****Wihtwara (Wight Islanders) (Wihtgara Tribal Hidage) (in the Isle of Wight) *****Meonwara / Meonwara, Meonware / Meonwara, Meonsæte (south-east Hampshire and Southampton, mainly on the River Meon, Meon valley) *****Ytenesæte (Jute tribe that lived in what is today's New Forest) ***

(Saxons, Island Saxons) ****East Saxons (East Saxons, East Secsenas) (in Essex) *****Brahhingas (Saxon tribe centred on the settlement of Braughing in modern-day Hertfordshire) *****Maldon, Essex, Dæningas / Dengie, Daenningas / Dengie, Deningei / Deningel *****Ingatestone, Gegingas *****Harringay, Haeringas *****Royal Liberty of Havering, Haueringas (Saxon tribe or clan that lived in today's London Borough of Havering, East End, London) *****The Rodings, Hroðingas *****Tewingas *****Tooting, Tota *****Waeclingas ****Middle Saxons (in Middlesex, roughly in what is today's Greater London, Hertfordshire, Surrey) *****Bedingas (Bedfordshire) *****Geddingas-Gillingas-Mimmas ******Geddingas ******Ealing, Gillingas (Saxon tribe or clan that lived in today's Ealing, West End, London, West End, London) ******Mimmas *****Harrow on the Hill, Gumeningas (Saxon tribe or clan that lived in today's Harrow on the Hill, West End, London, West End, London) *****Hackney, London, Hakas (Saxon tribe that lived in Hackney, London, Hackney, London) *****Noxgaga / Noxga gā (''gā'' is cognate of ''Gau (territory), Gau'') (Berkshire / Thames Valley, Thames Valley Saxons) ******Æbbingas, Æbbingas / Aebbingas (Abingdon-on-Thames, Abingdon) ******Braccingas (Bracknell) ******Readingas (Reading, Berkshire, Reading) ******Sunningas (Sonning) ******Woccingas (Wokingham) *****Paddington, Padendene (Saxon tribe or clan that lived in Paddington, Pæding-tun, modern-day Paddington, London) *****Suther-ge (''ge'' is cognate of ''Gau (territory), Gau'') (Surrey) ******Ælffingas (Effingham, Surrey, Effingham) ******Godhelmingas (Godalming) ******Ohtgaga / Ohtga gā (Somewhere in Surrey) ******Totingas (Tooting) ******Wochingas (Woking) ****South Saxons (South Saxons') (Sussex) *****Haestingas (Hastings) ****West Saxons (in Wessex) *****Basingas (Basingstoke) *****Eorlingas (tribe), Eorlingas (Arlingham) *****Glasteningas / Glestingas (Glastonbury) *****Dorset, Dornsaete / Dorset, Dorsætan (Dorset) *****Gewisse (Dorchester on Thames) *****Hendricas (Wiltshire or Test Valley) *****Sumortūnsǣte / Sumorsǣte / Sumorsaete, Sumorsætan (Somerset) *****Unecunga / Unecung (they lived in Unecunga Ga – Unecunga Gau (territory), Gau or Land, in the Upper Thames region) *****Wilsæte, Wilsætan (Wiltshire) *Istvaeones, Weser-Rhine Germani (

) **Baetasii / Betasii **Bructeri / Bructeri, Bructeres / Bructeri, Bructuarii / Borthari? (a possible changed name of Bructeri) **Chamavi / Hamavi (they lived in the region today called Hamaland, in the Gelderland province of the Netherlands, between the IJssel and Ems (river), Ems rivers) **Cugerni **Falchovarii **Gambrivii, Gamabrivii / Gambrivii **Incriones **Landoudioi / Landi **Sicambri / Sicambri, Sigambres / Sugambri ***Marsi (Germanic), Marsi ***Marsaci / Marsacii **Salii (tribe), Salii / Salians (before formation of the

) (originally they only inhabited the northern Low

area, in Salland) (later, those that stayed in Salland, were conquered and assimilated by the

) **Sunici / Sunuci **Tencteri (etymology of the tribe's name is Celtic languages, Celtic) **Tubantes / Tuihanti **Ubii **Usipetes / Usipii / Vispi (etymology of the tribe's name is Celtic languages, Celtic) **

/ Franks, Hugones (formed by the merging of Wesser-Rhine Germanic tribes –

tribes and by the merging and assimilation of the

and related tribes) (at the time of the

and

, they founded the Frankish Kingdom) (those living in what is today's West Central Germany and the Low Countries, mainly Ripuarian Franks, are the ancestors of the Franconian Germans (traditionally they spoke Franconian languages) and many of the Dutch people, Dutch, those living in what is today's

, mainly Salian Franks, were assimilated by the

majority, however their

was the origin for another

"French people, French" of the French people) ***Ripuarian Franks (originally Rhine river, Rhine river banks Franks, Eastern Austrasia

, Rhineland

in Rhineland,

, Palatinate (region), Palatinate and also in Upper Franconia, that before was

) ****Hessian Franks / Hessians (tribe), Hessians ****Lognai (late Frankish tribe that lived in Lahngau, west of Taunus Mountains) ****Moselle Franks ****Nistresi (Nister (river), Nister Franks? Diemel Franks?) (a late

tribe) ****Suduodi (late Frankish tribe) ****Upper Franconia Franks (originally it was a

region before

conquest) ****Wedrecii (late Frankish tribe that lived in around Wetter (river), Wetter river or Wetterau, east of the Taunus Mountains) ***Salian Franks (originally they inhabited the northern Low

area, specifically today's Salland, later they expanded in the Low Countries, and most stayed there; even later, many migrated outside Eastern Austrasia, that included Rhineland, and beyond Silva Carbonaria and the Arduenna Silva, outside the original area of Frankish settlement where Gallo-Romans were the majority, scattered throughout the territory of the Kingdom of the Franks, roughly today's

, especially the northern regions, Western Austrasia and Neustria, they were later assimilated by the

majority) (later, those that stayed in Salland, were conquered and assimilated by the

) ****Low Rhine Franks (Salian Franks that stayed in the Low

region of Eastern Austrasia, later known as the Low Countries, ancestors of many of the Dutch people, Dutch and Flemish people, Flemish) ****Salians, Western Austrasian Franks (in Western Austrasia, out of the Frank majority regions) ****Salians, Neustrian Franks (in Neustria or Neustrasia, out of the Frank majority regions)

Germanic peoples or tribes of unknown ethnolinguistic kinship

Eight tribes or peoples are only mentioned by the Old Mainland Saxons, Saxon wandering bard, of the Myrgingas tribe, named

– Aenenes; Baningas; Deanas (they are differentiated from the

); Frumtingas; Herefaran; Hronas or Hronan; Mofdingas and Sycgas (not to be confused with ''Secgan'', short name for the work in Old English called ''On the Resting-Places of the Saints'' about saints' resting places in England).

Ancient peoples with partially Germanic background

Germano-Celtic

*Norse-Gaels (''Austmenn'' – "Eastmen" – "People of the East", people who had come from the East – Scandinavia;

, Scotland and the Isle of Man were called '' Vestmenn'' – "Westmen" – "People of the West" – British Islands) (people of mixed Gaels, Gaelic and Norse ancestry and culture that was formed in the

) **Norse-Gaels, Norn people (Norðr – People of the North Islands) ***Shetlanders (Shetland, Hjaltar) ***Orcadians **Norse-Gaels, Sodor people (Norse-Gaels, Hebridians-Manese Norse-Gaels) (Sodor – People of the South Islands) ***Norse-Gaels, Hebridians Norse-Gaels ****Norse-Gaels, Outer Hebridians Norse-Gaels ****Norse-Gaels, Inner Hebridians Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Man Norse-Gaels **Norse-Gaels, Ireland Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Dublin Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Wexford Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Waterford Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Cork Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Limerick Norse-Gaels

Germano-Slavic

*Osterwalde (a Mainland Saxon tribe living in the same land and in close contact with the Drevani = "Wood" or "Wood Tribe", the Lipani and the Belesem or Byelozem = "White Earth" or "White Earth Tribe" Slavs, Slavic tribes of the Obotrites, Obodrite confederacy that lived scattered in the west banks of the Elbe river, part of the Polabian Slavs or Elbe Slavs, West Slavs) (they lived in Oster Walde / Osterwalde – "Eastern Woods" in the Old Mainland Saxons, Saxon view) (Osterwalde and Luneburg Heath also matched the land where the Langobards lived for a time before most of them migrated towards South) (mostly in today's Lower Saxony, in the Hanoverian Wendland, Germany) * Rus’ people, of

, loose

that was ruled by the

Varangian The Varangians ( ; ; ; , or )Varangian
," Online Etymology Dictionary were

(they were formed by a mainly Norsemen, East Norse or North Germanic peoples, East North Germanic minority, the

Varangians The Varangians ( ; ; ; , or )Varangian
," Online Etymology Dictionary were

or Roden, Sweden, Roden, that was assimilated by the East Slavic people, East Slavic majority)

Ancient peoples of uncertain origin with possible Germanic or partially Germanic background

Mixed peoples that had some Germanic component

Celtic–Germanic–Iranian

*Bastarnae, an ancient people who between 200 BC and 300 AD inhabited the region between the Carpathian Mountains and the river Dnieper, to the north and east of ancient Dacia – possibly they were originally a

tribe later mixed with

and Sarmatians (a group of ancient Iranian peoples) – one possible origin of the name is from Avestan and Old Persian cognate ''bast''- "bound, tied; slave" (cf. Ossetian language, Ossetic ''bættən'' "bind", bast "bound") and Proto-Iranian language, Proto-Iranian *''arna''- "offspring") **Atmoni / Atmoli **Peucini / Peucini, Peucini Bastarnae (a branch of the Bastarnae that lived in the region north of the Danube Delta) (Peucmi? possibly a variant of the name "Peucini") **Sidoni

Possible Germanic or non-Germanic peoples

Germanic or Slavic

*Vistula Veneti / Vistula Venedi, Venedi (more probably a Balto-Slavic people)

Germanic or Celtic

*Anartes (more probably a Celtic tribe later assimilated by Dacians) *Campsiani (originally Celtic people, Celtic, assimilated by Germanic peoples, Germani) *Cotini / Gotini (more probably a Celtic tribe) *Daliterni (mentioned solely by Avienius in his 6th c. ''Ora maritima'' as a tribe on the river Rhône; they have been connected to the Dala, a Rhôhne tributary flowing through Leuk, and to the better attested Veragri, a Gauls, Gallic tribe located in present-day

, in the Valais Swiss canton, canton; without naming the Daliterni, Livy refers to tribes in Valais as ''gentes semigermanae'', i.e. half-Germanic peoples)Livy. ''Ab Urbe Condita Libri'', 21:38. *Germani Cisrhenani / Tungri? (a collective name for 7 tribes) (names' etymologies of many of the tribes were Celtic languages, Celtic; Belgic people? Chiefs anthroponyms were also Celtic languages, Celtic) **Aduatuci / Atuatuci **Ambivaretes / Ambivareti **Caemani / Paemani **Caeraesi / Caeroesi / Caerosi **Condrusi **Eburones (later Toxandri / Texuandri?) **Segni *Graioceli (more probably a Celtic tribe) *Maeatae / Maeatae, Maiates / Maeatae, Maiatae / Maeatae, Maiati / Maeatae, Miathi (probably a Southern Picts, Pictish tribal confederation beyond and north the Antonine Wall that lived in the land between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Tay or parts of what is now Clackmannanshire, Fife and Stirlingshire and also in the Isle of May from the 2nd century AD to the 6th and 7th centuries AD; there is also the possibility, although weaker, that they were of Norse origin) *Nemeti / Nemetes / Nemetes, Nemetai (Νεμῆται) (more probably a Celtic tribe by its name Etymology, Toponyms and Theonyms) *Nervii (more probably a Belgic tribal confederation) *Treveri (more probably a Belgic tribe) *Tulingi, Tylangii (more probably a Celtic tribe related to the Tulingi or descendant from them)

Germanic or Dacian

*Carpi (people), Carpi / Carpiani (more probably a Dacian people, Dacian tribe)

Germanic or Iranian

*Taifals (possibly they were a

people assimilated by the

, before the

settled in what is today the steppe area of Ukraine, including Crimea, in the 2nd century AD, this area was inhabited by the Sarmatians)

Germanic or Balto-Finnic

*Idumingas / Idumings (more probably a Livonians, Livonian tribe, called Ydumaei by Henricus Lettus or Henricus de Lettis or Henricus Lettus, Heinrich von Lettland, who wrote the ''Livonian Chronicle of Henry, Chronicon Livoniae'' or ''Livonian Chronicle of Henry'') *Kainulaiset, Kvenir / Kainulaiset, Kvænir mentioned in ''Egils Saga'' / Kainulaiset, Kvanes / Kainulaiset, Cwenas mentioned by Ohthere (more probably they were the Kainulaiset, that dwelt in Kvenland, a probable reference to

peoples also called ''Saami peoples, Scridefinnas'' / ''Saami peoples, Screrefennae'' or speakers of a related Uralic language) (over time their name became confused with the

word ''kván'' or ''kvæn'' – "woman", genitive plural ''kvenna'', and became mistakenly confused with the legendary Amazons, a mythical all-women tribe that had relations with the Gargareans, a mythical all-men tribe)

Mythical founders

Many of the authors relating ethnic names of Germanic peoples speculated concerning their origin, from the earliest writers to approximately the Renaissance. One cross-cultural approach over this more than a millennium of historical speculation was to assign an eponymous ancestor of the same name as, or reconstructed from, the name of the people. For example, Hellen was the founder of the Greeks, Hellenes. Although some Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment historians continued to repeat these ancient stories as though fact, today they are recognised as manifestly mythological. There was, for example, no Franko, or Francio, ancestor of the Franks. The convergence of data from history, linguistics and archaeology have made this conclusion inevitable. A list of the mythical founders of Germanic peoples follows. *Angul (king), Angul — Angles (tribe), Angles (the List of monarchs of Mercia, Kings of Mercia, according to the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', other Anglo-Saxon dynasties are derived from other descendants of Woden) *Ask and Embla, Ask —

*Aurvandil —

*Burgundus —

(''Historia Brittonum'') *Dan (king), Dan —

(''Chronicon Lethrense'') *Francio (king), Francio —

(''Liber Historiae Francorum'') *Gaut, Gothus —

*Ingve — Ingvaeones, Ynglings *Irmin (king), Irmin —

*Mannus — Manni, or "men", a name fragment as in the later

(''

'') *Nór — Norwegians (''Chronicon Lethrense'') *Seaxnēat —

Notes

References

*Thorsten Andersson: ''Altgermanische Ethnika''. In: ''Namn och bygd. Tidskrift för nordisk ortnamnsforskning''. 97 (2009), , pp. 5–39
PDF; 9.7 MB
total year). *Otto Bremer: ''Ethnographie der germanischen Stämme''. In: Hermann Paul (editor): ''Grundriss der Germanischen Philologie''. volume 2, part 1: ''Literaturgeschichte''. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Karl Trübner Verlag, Strasbourg 1900, pp. 735–930. *Ernst Künzl: ''Die Germanen'' (= ''Theiss WissenKompakt''). Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2008, . *Günter Neumann (philologist), Günter Neumann: ''Namenstudien zum Altgermanischen'' (= ''Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde – Ergänzungsbände''. volume 59). Edited by Heinrich Hettrich, Astrid van Nahl. de Gruyter, Berlin/New York 2008, , . *Rudolf Much: ''Die Germania des Tacitus''. 3rd considerable adult edition. Edited by Wolfgang Lange (philologist), Wolfgang Lange in collaboration with Herbert Jankuhn and Hans Fromm. Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 1967, . *Rudolf Much: ''Deutsche Stammeskunde''. 3rd verb edition. Scientific association. Publisher, Berlin/Leipzig 1920, ; outlook Verlag, Bremen 2015, . *Heinrich Beck (philologist), Heinrich Beck et al. (editor): ''Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde.'' 2nd edition. de Gruyter, Berlin/New York 1972–2008. *Hermann Reichert: ''Lexikon der altgermanischen Namen.'' Publisher of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1987, . *Ludwig Rübekeil: ''Völkernamen Europas''. In: Ernst Eichler et al. (editor): ''Namenforschung. Ein internationales Handbuch zur Onomastik''. volume 2, de Gruyter, Berlin/New York 1996, , pp. 1330–1343. *Moritz Schönfeld: ''Wörterbuch der altgermanischen Personen- und Völkernamen nach der Überlieferung des klassischen Altertums'' (= ''Germanische Bibliothek''. department 1: ''Elementar- und Handbücher''. series 4: ''Wörterbücher''. volume 2). Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 1911, ; Reprints each as 2nd, unchanged edition: (= ''Germanische Bibliothek''. series 3 [much 2]). Winter, Heidelberg 1965, ; Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1965, . *Ernst Schwarz (Germanist), Ernst Schwarz: ''Germanische Stammeskunde'' (= ''Germanische Bibliothek''. volume 5). Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 1956, ; reprint: VMA-Verlag, Wiesbaden 2009, . *Alexander Sitzmann, Friedrich E. Grünzweig: ''Altgermanische Ethnonyme. Ein Handbuch zu ihrer Etymologie''. Using a bibliography by Robert Nedoma editor of Hermann Reichert (= ''Philologica Germanica.'' volume 29). Fassbaender, Vienna 2008, . *Reinhard Wenskus: ''Stammesbildung und Verfassung. Das Werden der frühmittelalterlichen gentes''. 2nd, unchanged edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne/Vienna 1977, .

External links

Germania of TacitusA speculative Findlay map of 1849
(Geographica). Book 7, Chapters 1 and 2, are about Germania. {{DEFAULTSORT:Ancient Germanic peoples Early Germanic peoples, Lists of ethnic groups Lists of ancient people, Germanic

In alphabetical order

Linguistic predecessors

Possible ethnolinguistic kinship

East Germanic peoples ( Vandilians)

West Germanic peoples

Germanic peoples or tribes of unknown ethnolinguistic kinship

Ancient peoples with partially Germanic background

Germano-Celtic

Germano-Slavic

Ancient peoples of uncertain origin with possible Germanic or partially Germanic background

Mixed peoples that had some Germanic component

Celtic–Germanic–Iranian

Possible Germanic or non-Germanic peoples

Germanic or Slavic

Germanic or Celtic

Germanic or Dacian

Germanic or Iranian

Germanic or Balto-Finnic

Mythical founders

See also

Notes

References

External links