Events
Pre-1600
*
AD 51
AD 51 ( LI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Scipio (or, less frequently, year 804 ''Ab urbe condita''). T ...
–
Nero
Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68), was the fifth Roman emperor and final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 unt ...
, later to become
Roman emperor, is given the title ''
princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
*
306 –
Martyrdom of Saint
Adrian of Nicomedia
Adrian of Nicomedia (also known as Hadrian) or Saint Adrian ( el, Ἁδριανὸς Νικομηδείας, Adrianos Nikomēdeias, died 4 March 306) was a Herculian Guard of the Roman Emperor Galerius Maximian. After becoming a convert to Chri ...
.
*
852
__NOTOC__
Year 852 ( DCCCLII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* March 4 – Trpimir I, duke ('' knez'') of Croatia, and founder of the Trpimi ...
– Croatian
Knez Trpimir I issues a
statute, a document with the first known written mention of the
Croats
The Croats (; hr, Hrvati ) are a South Slavic ethnic group who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language. They are also a recognized minority in a number of neighboring countries, namely Austria, the Czech Republic, ...
name in Croatian sources.
*
938
Year 938 ( CMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* Summer – The Hungarian army invades Northern Italy with the permission of King H ...
– Translation of the
relic
In religion, a relic is an object or article of religious significance from the past. It usually consists of the physical remains of a saint or the personal effects of the saint or venerated person preserved for purposes of veneration as a tang ...
s of
martyr
A martyr (, ''mártys'', "witness", or , ''marturia'', stem , ''martyr-'') is someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce or advocate, a religious belief or other cause as demanded by an external ...
Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia, Prince of the
Czechs
The Czechs ( cs, Češi, ; singular Czech, masculine: ''Čech'' , singular feminine: ''Češka'' ), or the Czech people (), are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, ...
.
*
1152 –
Frederick I Barbarossa is elected
King of Germany.
*
1238
Year 1238 ( MCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Mongol Empire
* January 15– 20 – Siege of Moscow: The Mongols under Batu Khan a ...
– The
Battle of the Sit River is fought in the northern part of the present-day
Yaroslavl Oblast
Yaroslavl Oblast (russian: Яросла́вская о́бласть, ''Yaroslavskaya oblast'') is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast), which is located in the Central Federal District, surrounded by Tver Oblast, T ...
of Russia between the
Mongol hordes of
Batu Khan
Batu Khan ( – 1255),, ''Bat haan'', tt-Cyrl, Бату хан; ; russian: хан Баты́й was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi, thus a grandson of Genghis Khan. ...
and the Russians under
Yuri II of
Vladimir-Suzdal
Vladimir-Suzdal (russian: Владимирско-Су́здальская, ''Vladimirsko-Suzdal'skaya''), also Vladimir-Suzdalian Rus', formally known as the Grand Duchy of Vladimir (1157–1331) (russian: Владимиро-Су́здальс ...
during the
Mongol invasion of Rus'
The Mongol Empire invaded and conquered Kievan Rus' in the 13th century, destroying numerous southern cities, including the largest cities, Kiev (50,000 inhabitants) and Chernihiv (30,000 inhabitants), with the only major cities escaping dest ...
.
*
1351
Year 1351 ( MCCCLI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 14 – Edward III of England institutes the Treason Act 1351, defining tre ...
–
Ramathibodi becomes
King of Siam.
*
1386
Year 1386 ( MCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* February 24 – Elizabeth of Bosnia, the mother of the overthrown Queen Mary of ...
–
Władysław II Jagiełło
Jogaila (; 1 June 1434), later Władysław II Jagiełło ()He is known under a number of names: lt, Jogaila Algirdaitis; pl, Władysław II Jagiełło; be, Jahajła (Ягайла). See also: Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło. ...
(Jogaila) is crowned
King of Poland
Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16t ...
.
*
1461
Year 1461 ( MCDLXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* February 2 – Battle of Mortimer's Cross: Yorkist troops led by Edward, Duke of Y ...
–
Wars of the Roses
The Wars of the Roses (1455–1487), known at the time and for more than a century after as the Civil Wars, were a series of civil wars fought over control of the English throne in the mid-to-late fifteenth century. These wars were fought be ...
in England:
Lancastrian King Henry VI is deposed by his
House of York
The House of York was a cadet branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. Three of its members became kings of England in the late 15th century. The House of York descended in the male line from Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, t ...
cousin, who then becomes
King Edward IV
Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, then again from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483. He was a central figure in the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars in England ...
.
*
1493 – Explorer
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus
* lij, Cristoffa C(or)ombo
* es, link=no, Cristóbal Colón
* pt, Cristóvão Colombo
* ca, Cristòfor (or )
* la, Christophorus Columbus. (; born between 25 August and 31 October 1451, died 20 May 1506) was a ...
arrives back in
Lisbon, Portugal, aboard his ship ''
Niña'' from
his voyage to what are now
The Bahamas
The Bahamas (), officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the West Indies in the North Atlantic. It takes up 97% of the Lucayan Archipelago's land area and is home to 88% of the arc ...
and other islands in the
Caribbean.
*
1519
__NOTOC__
Year 1519 ( MDXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1519th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 519th year of the 2nd millenni ...
–
Hernán Cortés
Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, 1st Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (; ; 1485 – December 2, 1547) was a Spanish '' conquistador'' who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of w ...
arrives in Mexico in search of the
Aztec
The Aztecs () were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec people included different ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl ...
civilization and its wealth.
1601–1900
*
1628 – The
Massachusetts Bay Colony
The Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630–1691), more formally the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, was an English settlement on the east coast of North America around the Massachusetts Bay, the northernmost of the several colonies later reorganized as the ...
is granted a
Royal charter
A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but ...
.
*
1665
Events
January–March
* January 5 – The ''Journal des sçavans'' begins publication of the first scientific journal in France.
* February 15 – Molière's comedy '' Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre'', based on the Spanis ...
– English King
Charles II declares war on the Netherlands marking the start of the
Second Anglo-Dutch War
The Second Anglo-Dutch War or the Second Dutch War (4 March 1665 – 31 July 1667; nl, Tweede Engelse Oorlog "Second English War") was a conflict between England and the Dutch Republic partly for control over the seas and trade routes, whe ...
.
*
1675
Events
January–March
* January 5 – Franco-Dutch War – Battle of Turckheim: The French defeat Austria and Brandenburg.
* January 29 – John Sassamon, an English-educated Native American Christian, dies at Ass ...
–
John Flamsteed is appointed the first
Astronomer Royal of England.
*
1681
Events January–March
* January 1 – Prince Muhammad Akbar, son of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, initiates a civil war in India. With the support of troops from the Rajput states, Akbar declares himself the new Mughal Emperor ...
– Charles II grants a land charter to
William Penn
William Penn ( – ) was an English writer and religious thinker belonging to the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, a North American colony of England. He was an early advocate of democracy an ...
for the area that will later become
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (; (Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, Ma ...
.
*
1769
Events
January–March
* February 2 – Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the Jesuits.Denis De Lucca, ''Jesuits and Fortifications: The Contribution of the Jesuits to Military Architecture in ...
–
Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...
departed Italy after the last of his three tours there.
*
1776 –
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of ...
: The
Continental Army fortifies Dorchester Heights with
cannon
A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder duri ...
, leading the
British troops to abandon the
Siege of Boston
The siege of Boston (April 19, 1775 – March 17, 1776) was the opening phase of the American Revolutionary War. New England militiamen prevented the movement by land of the British Army, which was garrisoned in what was then the peninsular tow ...
.
*
1789
Events
January–March
* January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet '' What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution.
* January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential electio ...
– In New York City, the
first Congress of the United States
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
meets, putting the
United States Constitution into effect.
*
1790
Events
January–March
* January 8 – United States President George Washington gives the first State of the Union address, in New York City.
* January 11 – The 11 minor states of the Austrian Netherlands, which took p ...
– France is divided into 83 ''
départements'', cutting across the
former provinces in an attempt to dislodge regional loyalties based on ownership of land by the nobility.
*
1791 – The
Constitutional Act of 1791 is introduced by the
British House of Commons in London which envisages the separation of Canada into
Lower Canada
The Province of Lower Canada (french: province du Bas-Canada) was a British colony on the lower Saint Lawrence River and the shores of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence (1791–1841). It covered the southern portion of the current Province of Quebec ...
(
Quebec
Quebec ( ; )According to the Government of Canada, Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is ...
) and
Upper Canada
The Province of Upper Canada (french: link=no, province du Haut-Canada) was a part of British Canada established in 1791 by the Kingdom of Great Britain, to govern the central third of the lands in British North America, formerly part of t ...
(
Ontario
Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central C ...
).
* 1791 –
Vermont
Vermont () is a state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the ...
is
admitted to the United States as the fourteenth
state
State may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Literature
* ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State
* ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States
* '' Our ...
.
*
1794
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The Stibo Group is founded by Niels Lund as a printing company in Aarhus (Denmark).
* January 13 – The U.S. Congress enacts a law providing for, effective May 1, 1795, a United Sta ...
– The
11th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is passed by the
U.S. Congress.
*
1797 –
John Adams
John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Befor ...
is
inaugurated as the 2nd
President of the United States of America
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United State ...
, becoming the first President to begin his presidency on March 4.
*
1804
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Haiti gains independence from France, and becomes the first black republic, having the only successful slave revolt ever.
* February 4 – The Sokoto Caliphate is founded in West Africa.
* Februar ...
–
Castle Hill Rebellion: Irish convicts rebel against British colonial authority in the Colony of
New South Wales
)
, nickname =
, image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates:
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = Australia
, established_title = Before federation
, es ...
.
*
1813
Events
January–March
* January 18–January 23 – War of 1812: The Battle of Frenchtown is fought in modern-day Monroe, Michigan between the United States and a British and Native American alliance.
* January 24 – ...
–
Cyril VI of Constantinople
Cyril VI ( el, Κύριλλος ΣΤ΄), lay name Konstantinos Serpetzoglou (Κωνσταντίνος Σερπεντζόγλου) was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople between the years 1813 and 1818.
He was born in 1769 in Edirne, whe ...
is elected
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
The ecumenical patriarch ( el, Οἰκουμενικός Πατριάρχης, translit=Oikoumenikós Patriárchēs) is the archbishop of Constantinople ( Istanbul), New Rome and ''primus inter pares'' (first among equals) among the heads of th ...
.
*
1814
Events January
* January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine.
* January 3
** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French garriso ...
– Americans defeat British forces at the
Battle of Longwoods
The Battle of Longwoods took place during the Anglo-American War of 1812. On 4 March 1814, a mounted American raiding party defeated an attempt by British regulars, volunteers from the Canadian militia and Native Americans to intercept them near ...
between
London, Ontario
London (pronounced ) is a city in southwestern Ontario, Canada, along the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. The city had a population of 422,324 according to the 2021 Canadian census. London is at the confluence of the Thames River, approximat ...
and Thamesville, near present-day
Wardsville, Ontario.
*
1837 – The city of
Chicago
(''City in a Garden''); I Will
, image_map =
, map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago
, coordinates =
, coordinates_footnotes =
, subdivision_type = List of sovereign states, Count ...
is incorporated.
*
1848
1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ...
–
Carlo Alberto di Savoia
Charles Albert (; 2 October 1798 – 28 July 1849) was the King of Sardinia from 27 April 1831 until 23 March 1849. His name is bound up with the first Italian constitution, the Albertine Statute, and with the First Italian War of Independence ...
signs the ''
Statuto Albertino'' that will later represent the first
constitution
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.
When these princip ...
of the ''
Regno d'Italia''.
*
1849
Events
January–March
* January 1 – France begins issue of the Ceres series, the nation's first postage stamps.
* January 5 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Austrian army, led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, enters in th ...
–
President-elect of the United States
The president-elect of the United States is the candidate who has presumptively won the United States presidential election and is awaiting inauguration to become the president. There is no explicit indication in the U.S. Constitution as to whe ...
Zachary Taylor
Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was an American military leader who served as the 12th president of the United States from 1849 until his death in 1850. Taylor was a career officer in the United States Army, rising to th ...
and Vice President-elect
Millard Fillmore
Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800March 8, 1874) was the 13th president of the United States, serving from 1850 to 1853; he was the last to be a member of the Whig Party while in the White House. A former member of the U.S. House of Represen ...
did not take their respective oaths of office (
they did so the following day), leading to the erroneous theory that outgoing
President pro tempore of the United States Senate
The president pro tempore of the United States Senate (often shortened to president pro tem) is the second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate, after the vice president. According to Article One, Section Three of the United ...
David Rice Atchison had assumed the role of
acting president for one day.
*
1861
Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry.
Events
January–March
* January 1
** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City.
** The first steam- ...
– The
first national flag of the
Confederate States of America
The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States or the Confederacy was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865. The Confede ...
(the "Stars and Bars") is adopted.
*
1865 – The
third and final national flag of the
Confederate States of America
The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States or the Confederacy was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865. The Confede ...
is adopted by the Confederate Congress.
*
1878 –
Pope Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII ( it, Leone XIII; born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci; 2 March 1810 – 20 July 1903) was the head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 to his death in July 1903. Living until the age of 93, he was the second-old ...
reestablishes the Catholic Church in Scotland, recreating
sees and naming bishops for the first time since 1603.
*
1882 – Britain's
first electric trams run in east London.
*
1890 – The longest bridge in Great Britain, the
Forth Bridge in Scotland, measuring long, is opened by the Duke of Rothesay, later King
Edward VII
Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910.
The second child and eldest son of Queen Victoria a ...
.
*
1899
Events January 1899
* January 1
** Spanish rule ends in Cuba, concluding 400 years of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.
** Queens and Staten Island become administratively part of New York City.
* January 2 –
**Bolivia sets up a c ...
–
Cyclone Mahina sweeps in north of
Cooktown, Queensland, with a wave that reaches up to inland, killing over 300.
1901–present
*
1901 –
McKinley inaugurated president for second time;
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( ; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or by his initials, T. R., was an American politician, statesman, soldier, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26t ...
is vice president.
*
1908
Events
January
* January 1 – The British ''Nimrod'' Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton sets sail from New Zealand on the ''Nimrod'' for Antarctica.
* January 3 – A total solar eclipse is visible in the Pacific Ocean, and is the 46 ...
– The
Collinwood school fire,
Collinwood near
Cleveland, Ohio, kills 174 people.
*
1909 – U.S. President
William Taft used what became known as a
Saxbe fix
The Saxbe fix ( ), or salary rollback, is a mechanism by which the President of the United States
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president direc ...
, a mechanism to avoid the restriction of the
U.S. Constitution's
Ineligibility Clause
The Ineligibility Clause (sometimes also called the Emoluments Clause, or the Incompatibility Clause, or the Sinecure Clause) is a provision in Article 1, Section 6, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution that makes each incumbent member of ...
, to appoint
Philander C. Knox as
U.S. Secretary of State.
*
1913
Events January
* January 5 – First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not venture for the rest of the ...
–
First Balkan War
The First Balkan War ( sr, Први балкански рат, ''Prvi balkanski rat''; bg, Балканска война; el, Αʹ Βαλκανικός πόλεμος; tr, Birinci Balkan Savaşı) lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and invo ...
: The Greek army
engages the Turks at
Bizani
Bizani ( el, Μπιζάνι) is a village and a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Ioannina, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal uni ...
, resulting in victory two days later.
* 1913 – The
United States Department of Labor
The United States Department of Labor (DOL) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It is responsible for the administration of federal laws governing occupational safety and health, wage and hour standards, unemplo ...
is formed.
*
1917 –
Jeannette Rankin
Jeannette Pickering Rankin (June 11, 1880 – May 18, 1973) was an American politician and women's rights advocate who became the first woman to hold federal office in the United States in 1917. She was elected to the U.S. House of Represent ...
of
Montana
Montana () is a U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West List of regions of the United States#Census Bureau-designated regions and divisions, division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North ...
becomes the first female member of the
United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together the ...
.
*
1933 –
Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the 32nd
President of the United States
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal gove ...
. He was the last president to be inaugurated on March 4.
* 1933 –
Frances Perkins
Frances Perkins (born Fannie Coralie Perkins; April 10, 1880 – May 14, 1965) was an American workers-rights advocate who served as the 4th United States secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945, the longest serving in that position. A member of t ...
becomes
United States Secretary of Labor
The United States Secretary of Labor is a member of the Cabinet of the United States, and as the head of the United States Department of Labor, controls the department, and enforces and suggests laws involving unions, the workplace, and all ot ...
, the first female member of the
United States Cabinet
The Cabinet of the United States is a body consisting of the vice president of the United States and the heads of the executive branch's departments in the federal government of the United States. It is the principal official advisory body to th ...
.
* 1933 – The
Parliament of Austria
The Austrian Parliament (german: Österreichisches Parlament) is the bicameral federal legislature of the Austrian Republic. It consists of two chambers – the National Council and the Federal Council. In specific cases, both houses convene ...
is
suspended because of a quibble over procedure –
Chancellor
Chancellor ( la, cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the or lattice work screens of a basilica or law cou ...
Engelbert Dollfuss
Engelbert Dollfuß (alternatively: ''Dolfuss'', ; 4 October 1892 – 25 July 1934) was an Austrian clerical fascist politician who served as Chancellor of Austria between 1932 and 1934. Having served as Minister for Forests and Agriculture, he ...
initiates an
authoritarian rule by decree.
*
1941
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January– August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar E ...
–
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
: The United Kingdom launches
Operation Claymore on the
Lofoten Islands; the first large scale
British Commando raid.
*
1943
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured.
* January 4 – ...
– World War II: The
Battle of the Bismarck Sea
The Battle of the Bismarck Sea (2–4 March 1943) took place in the South West Pacific Area (SWPA) during World War II when aircraft of the U.S. Fifth Air Force and the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) attacked a Japanese convoy carrying troo ...
in the south-west Pacific comes to an end.
* 1943 – World War II: The
Battle of Fardykambos
The Battle of Fardykambos ( el, Μάχη του Φαρδύκαμπου), also known as the Battle of Bougazi (Μάχη στο Μπουγάζι), was fought between the National Liberation Front (EAM-ELAS) of the Greek Resistance against the I ...
, one of the first major battles between the
Greek Resistance and the occupying
Royal Italian Army
The Royal Italian Army ( it, Regio Esercito, , Royal Army) was the land force of the Kingdom of Italy, established with the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy. During the 19th century Italy started to unify into one country, and in 1861 Manf ...
, begins. It ends on 6 March with the surrender of an entire Italian battalion and the liberation of the town of
Grevena
Grevena ( el, Γρεβενά, ''Grevená'', , rup, Grebini) is a town and municipality in Western Macedonia, northern Greece, capital of the Grevena regional unit. The town's current population is 13,374 citizens (2011). It lies about from At ...
.
*
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in No ...
– World War II: After the success of
Big Week
Big Week or Operation Argument was a sequence of raids by the United States Army Air Forces and RAF Bomber Command from 20 to 25 February 1944, as part of the European strategic bombing campaign against Nazi Germany. The planners intended to ...
, the
USAAF
The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF) was the major land-based aerial warfare service component of the United States Army and ''de facto'' aerial warfare service branch of the United States during and immediately after World War II ...
begins a
daylight bombing campaign of
Berlin
Berlin is Capital of Germany, the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and List of cities in Germany by population, by population. Its more than 3.85 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European U ...
.
*
1955 – An order to protect the endangered
Saimaa ringed seal (''Pusa hispida saimensis'') was legalized.
*
1957
1957 (Roman numerals, MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday, common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, t ...
– The
S&P 500
The Standard and Poor's 500, or simply the S&P 500, is a stock market index tracking the stock performance of 500 large companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. It is one of the most commonly followed equity indices. As of ...
stock market index
In finance, a stock index, or stock market index, is an index that measures a stock market, or a subset of the stock market, that helps investors compare current stock price levels with past prices to calculate market performance.
Two of the ...
is introduced, replacing the S&P 90.
*
1960 – The French freighter ''
La Coubre
The French freighter ''La Coubre'' () exploded in the harbour of Havana, Cuba, on 4 March 1960 while it was unloading 76 tons of grenades and munitions. Seventy-five to 100 people were killed, and many were injured. Fidel Castro alleged it wa ...
'' explodes in
Havana, Cuba
Havana (; Spanish: ''La Habana'' ) is the capital and largest city of Cuba. The heart of the La Habana Province, Havana is the country's main port and commercial center. , killing 100.
*
1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wo ...
– A
Caledonian Airways
Caledonian Airways was a wholly private, independentindependent from government-owned corporations British charter airline formed in April 1961. It began with a single 104-seat Douglas DC-7C leased from the Belgian flag carrier Sabena.''Flyi ...
Douglas DC-7 crashes shortly after takeoff from
Cameroon
Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west- central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; th ...
, killing 111 – the worst crash of a DC-7.
*
1966 – A
Canadian Pacific Air Lines DC-8-43 explodes on landing at
Tokyo International Airport, killing 64 people.
* 1966 – In an interview in the ''
London Evening Standard
The ''Evening Standard'', formerly ''The Standard'' (1827–1904), also known as the ''London Evening Standard'', is a local free daily newspaper in London, England, published Monday to Friday in tabloid format.
In October 2009, after be ...
'',
The Beatles
The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the developm ...
'
John Lennon
John Winston Ono Lennon (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician and peace activist who achieved worldwide fame as founder, co-songwriter, co-lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of ...
declares that the band is "
more popular than Jesus now".
*
1970 – French submarine ''
Eurydice
Eurydice (; Ancient Greek: Εὐρυδίκη 'wide justice') was a character in Greek mythology and the Auloniad wife of Orpheus, who tried to bring her back from the dead with his enchanting music.
Etymology
Several meanings for the name ...
'' explodes underwater, resulting in the loss of the entire 57-man crew.
*
1976
Events January
* January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force.
* January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea.
* January 11 – The 1976 Phil ...
– The
Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention
The Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention (NICC) was an elected body set up in 1975 by the United Kingdom Labour government of Harold Wilson as an attempt to deal with constitutional issues surrounding the status of Northern Ireland.
Fo ...
is formally dissolved in
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label=Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. North ...
resulting in
direct rule of Northern Ireland from London by the
British parliament
The Parliament of the United Kingdom is the Parliamentary sovereignty in the United Kingdom, supreme Legislature, legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It meets at the Palace of We ...
.
*
1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrati ...
– The
1977 Vrancea earthquake
The 1977 Vrancea earthquake occurred on 4 March 1977, at 21:22 local time, and was felt throughout the Balkans. It had a magnitude of 7.5, making it the second most powerful earthquake recorded in Romania in the 20th century, after the 10 Novemb ...
in eastern and southern Europe kills more than 1,500, mostly in
Bucharest, Romania
Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...
.
*
1980 – Nationalist leader
Robert Mugabe
Robert Gabriel Mugabe (; ; 21 February 1924 – 6 September 2019) was a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987 and then as President from 1987 to 2017. He served as Leader of th ...
wins a sweeping election victory to become
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the south-west, Zambia to the north, and Mozam ...
's first black
prime minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...
.
*
1985 – The
Food and Drug Administration
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the control and supervision of food ...
approves a
blood test
A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or via fingerprick. Multiple tests for specific blood components, such as a glucose test or a ch ...
for
HIV
The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of '' Lentivirus'' (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which progressive failure of the immu ...
infection, used since then for screening all
blood donation
A blood donation occurs when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and used for transfusions and/or made into biopharmaceutical medications by a process called fractionation (separation of whole blood components). Donation may be of whole blo ...
s in the United States.
*
1986 – The
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
Vega 1 begins returning images of
Halley's Comet
Halley's Comet or Comet Halley, officially designated 1P/Halley, is a List of periodic comets, short-period comet visible from Earth every 75–79 years. Halley is the only known short-period comet that is regularly visible to the naked eye fr ...
and the first images of its nucleus.
*
1990 – American
basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately in diameter) through the defender's h ...
player
Hank Gathers dies after collapsing during the semifinals of a
West Coast Conference tournament game.
*
1994
File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson Ma ...
–
Space Shuttle program
The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011. I ...
: the
Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' is launched on
STS-62.
*
1996
File:1996 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: A bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, set off by a radical anti-abortionist; The center fuel tank explodes on TWA Flight 800, causing the plane to crash and killing everyone on b ...
– A
derailed train in Weyauwega, Wisconsin (USA) causes the
emergency evacuation
Emergency evacuation is the urgent immediate egress or escape of people away from an area that contains an imminent threat, an ongoing threat or a hazard to lives or property.
Examples range from the small-scale evacuation of a building due to ...
of 2,300 people for 16 days.
*
1998
1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''.
Events January
* January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently s ...
–
Gay rights
Rights affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people vary greatly by country or jurisdiction—encompassing everything from the legal recognition of same-sex marriage to the death penalty for homosexuality.
Notably, , ...
: ''
Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc.'': The
Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point ...
rules that federal laws banning on-the-job
sexual harassment also apply when both parties are the same sex.
*
2001
The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan ...
–
BBC bombing: A massive car bomb explodes in front of the
BBC Television Centre in London, seriously injuring one person; the attack was attributed to the
Real IRA.
*
2002 –
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bord ...
: Seven American
Special Operations Forces
Special forces and special operations forces (SOF) are military units trained to conduct special operations. NATO has defined special operations as "military activities conducted by specially designated, organized, selected, trained and equip ...
soldiers and 200 Al-Qaeda Fighters are killed as American forces attempt to
infiltrate the
Shah-i-Kot Valley on a low-flying helicopter reconnaissance mission.
*
2009
File:2009 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The vertical stabilizer of Air France Flight 447 is pulled out from the Atlantic Ocean; Barack Obama becomes the first African American to become President of the United States; 2009 Iran ...
– The
International Criminal Court
The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal seated in The Hague, Netherlands. It is the first and only permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individua ...
(ICC) issues an arrest warrant for
Sudanese President
This article lists the heads of state of Sudan since the country's independence in 1956.
History of the office
Since independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1956, six individuals (and three multi-member sovereignty councils) have served as ...
Omar Hassan al-Bashir for
war crimes and
crimes against humanity in
Darfur. Al-Bashir is the first sitting
head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state (polity), state#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international p ...
to be indicted by the ICC since its establishment in 2002.
*
2012
File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
– A
series of explosions is reported at a munitions dump in
Brazzaville, the capital of the
Republic of the Congo, killing at least 250 people.
*
2015
File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the April ...
– At least 34 miners
die in a suspected gas explosion at the
Zasyadko coal mine in the rebel-held Donetsk region of Ukraine.
*
2018 – Former
MI6 spy
Sergei Skripal and his daughter are
poisoned with a
Novichok nerve agent
Nerve agents, sometimes also called nerve gases, are a class of organic chemicals that disrupt the mechanisms by which nerves transfer messages to organs. The disruption is caused by the blocking of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme that ...
in
Salisbury
Salisbury ( ) is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England with a population of 41,820, at the confluence of the rivers Avon, Nadder and Bourne. The city is approximately from Southampton and from Bath.
Salisbury is in the southeast of Wil ...
,
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe ...
, causing a diplomatic uproar that results in mass-expulsions of diplomats from all countries involved.
*
2020
2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global social and economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, worldwide lockdowns and the largest economic recession since the Great Depression in ...
–
Nik Wallenda becomes the first person to walk on the
Masaya Volcano
Masaya ( es, Volcán Masaya) is a caldera located in Masaya, Nicaragua, 20 km south of the capital Managua. It is Nicaragua's first and largest national park, and one of 78 protected areas of Nicaragua. The complex volcano is composed ...
in Nicaragua.
Births
Pre-1600
*
895 –
Liu Zhiyuan, founder of the Later Han Dynasty (d. 948)
*
977 –
Al-Musabbihi, Fatimid historian and official (d. 1030)
*
1188 –
Blanche of Castile
Blanche of Castile ( es, Blanca de Castilla; 4 March 1188 – 27 November 1252) was Queen of France by marriage to Louis VIII. She acted as regent twice during the reign of her son, Louis IX: during his minority from 1226 until 1234, and duri ...
, French queen consort (d. 1252)
*
1394
Year 1394 ( MCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events January–December
* February 28 – Richard II of England grants Geoffrey Chaucer 20 pounds a year for life, for h ...
–
Henry the Navigator
''Dom'' Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu (4 March 1394 – 13 November 1460), better known as Prince Henry the Navigator ( pt, Infante Dom Henrique, o Navegador), was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15t ...
, Portuguese explorer (d. 1460)
*
1484
Year 1484 ( MCDLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1484th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 484th year of the 2nd millennium, the 84th ye ...
–
George, margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1543)
*
1492 –
Francesco de Layolle
Francesco de Layolle (also spelled dell'Aiolle, dell'Aiuola, dell'Ajolle, dell'Aiolli), (March 4, 1492 – c. 1540) was an Italian composer and organist of the Renaissance. He was one of the first native Italian composers to write sacred mus ...
, Italian organist and composer (d. 1540)
*
1502
Year 1502 ( MDII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 1 – Portuguese explorers, led by Gonçalo Coelho, sail into Guanabara B ...
–
Elisabeth of Hesse
Elisabeth of Hesse (13 February 1539 – 14 March 1582) was a German noblewoman.
She was a daughter of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse and Christine of Saxony, daughter of George, Duke of Saxony.
On 8 July 1560 she married Louis VI, Elector ...
, princess of Saxony (d. 1557)
*
1519
__NOTOC__
Year 1519 ( MDXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1519th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 519th year of the 2nd millenni ...
–
Hindal Mirza, Mughal emperor (d. 1551)
*
1526
Year 1526 ( MDXXVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 14 – Treaty of Madrid: Peace is declared between Francis I of France and C ...
–
Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon
Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon KG PC (4 March 1526 – 23 July 1596), was an English nobleman and courtier. He was the patron of the Lord Chamberlain's Men, William Shakespeare's playing company. The son of Mary Boleyn, he was a cousin of El ...
(d. 1596)
1601–1900
*
1602 –
Kanō Tan'yū, Japanese painter (d. 1674)
*
1634 –
Kazimierz Łyszczyński, Polish philosopher (d. 1689)
*
1651 –
John Somers, 1st Baron Somers, English lawyer, jurist, and politician,
Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
The lord chancellor, formally the lord high chancellor of Great Britain, is the highest-ranking traditional minister among the Great Officers of State in Scotland and England in the United Kingdom, nominally outranking the prime minister. The ...
(d. 1716)
*
1655
Events
January–March
* January 5 – Emperor Go-Sai ascends to the throne of Japan.
* January 7 – Pope Innocent X, leader of the Roman Catholic Church and the Papal States, dies after more than 10 years of rule.
* Febru ...
–
Fra Galgario, Italian painter (d. 1743)
*
1665
Events
January–March
* January 5 – The ''Journal des sçavans'' begins publication of the first scientific journal in France.
* February 15 – Molière's comedy '' Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre'', based on the Spanis ...
–
Philip Christoph von Königsmarck, Swedish soldier (d. 1694)
*
1678 –
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian composer, virtuoso violinist and impresario of Baroque music. Regarded as one of the greatest Baroque composers, Vivaldi's influence during his lifetime was widespread ...
, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1741)
*
1702 –
Jack Sheppard, English criminal (d. 1724)
*
1706 –
Lauritz de Thurah, Danish architect, designed the
Hermitage Hunting Lodge
The Hermitage Hunting Lodge ( Danish: or ) is located in Dyrehaven north of Copenhagen, Denmark. The hunting lodge was built by architect Lauritz de Thurah in Baroque style from 1734 to 1736 for Christian VI of Denmark in order to host royal ...
and
Gammel Holtegård (d. 1759)
*
1715
Events
For dates within Great Britain and the British Empire, as well as in the Russian Empire, the "old style" Julian calendar was used in 1715, and can be converted to the "new style" Gregorian calendar (adopted in the British Empire i ...
–
James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave, English historian and politician (d. 1763)
*
1719 –
George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot
George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot (4 March 1719 – 11 May 1777) was twice the British President of the British East India Company.
Life
Pigot was the eldest son of Richard Pigot of Westminster, by his wife Frances, daughter of Peter Goode, a Hug ...
, English politician (d. 1777)
*
1729
Events
January–March
* January 8 – Frederick, the eldest son of King George II of Great Britain is made Prince of Wales at the age of 21, a few months after he comes to Britain for the first time after growing up in Hanover ...
–
Anne d'Arpajon, French wife of
Philippe de Noailles (d. 1794)
*
1745 –
Charles Dibdin, English actor, playwright, and composer (d. 1814)
* 1745 –
Casimir Pulaski, Polish-American general (d. 1779)
*
1756 –
Henry Raeburn, Scottish portrait painter (d. 1823)
*
1760 –
William Payne, English painter (d. 1830)
* 1760 –
Hugh Ronalds, British nurseryman who cultivated and documented 300 varieties of apples (d. 1833)
*
1769
Events
January–March
* February 2 – Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the Jesuits.Denis De Lucca, ''Jesuits and Fortifications: The Contribution of the Jesuits to Military Architecture in ...
–
Muhammad Ali
Muhammad Ali (; born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.; January 17, 1942 – June 3, 2016) was an American professional boxer and activist. Nicknamed "The Greatest", he is regarded as one of the most significant sports figures of the 20th century, ...
, Ottoman military leader and pasha (d. 1849)
*
1770
Events January– March
* January 1 – The foundation of Fort George, Bombay is laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the former Dongri Fort.
* February 1 – Thomas Jefferson's home at Shadwell, V ...
–
Joseph Jacotot
Joseph (or Jean-Joseph) Jacotot (4 March 177030 July 1840) was a French teacher and educational philosopher, creator of the method of "intellectual emancipation."
Life
Jacotot was born at Dijon on 4 March 1770. He was educated at the universi ...
, French philosopher and academic (d. 1840)
*
1778
Events
January–March
* January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook, with ships HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu then Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he na ...
–
Robert Emmet, Irish republican (d. 1803)
*
1781
Events
January–March
* January – William Pitt the Younger, later Prime Minister of Great Britain, enters Parliament, aged 21.
* January 1 – Industrial Revolution: The Iron Bridge opens across the River Severn in E ...
–
Rebecca Gratz, American educator and philanthropist (d. 1869)
*
1782 –
Johann Rudolf Wyss
Johann Rudolf Wyss (; 4 March 178221 March 1830) was a Swiss author, writer, and folklorist who wrote the words to the former Swiss national anthem ''Rufst Du, mein Vaterland'' in 1811, and also edited the novel ''The Swiss Family Robinson'', wr ...
, Swiss philosopher, author, and academic (d. 1830)
*
1792 –
Isaac Lea, American conchologist, geologist, and publisher (d. 1886)
*
1793 –
Karl Lachmann
Karl Konrad Friedrich Wilhelm Lachmann (; 4 March 1793 – 13 March 1851) was a German philologist and critic. He is particularly noted for his foundational contributions to the field of textual criticism.
Biography
Lachmann was born in Bru ...
, German philologist and critic (d. 1851)
*
1800
As of March 1 ( O.S. February 18), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 12 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 16), ...
–
William Price, Welsh physician, Chartist, and neo-Druid (d. 1893)
*
1814
Events January
* January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine.
* January 3
** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French garriso ...
–
Napoleon Collins, Rear Admiral of the United States Navy during the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War (d. 1875)
*
1815
Events
January
* January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England.
* January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Pr ...
–
Mykhailo Verbytsky, Ukrainian composer of religious hymns and the
national anthem of Ukraine (d. 1870)
*
1817
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Sailing through the Sandwich Islands, Otto von Kotzebue discovers New Year Island.
* January 19 – An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General José de San Martín, starts crossing the ...
–
Edwards Pierrepont, American lawyer and politician, 34th
United States Attorney General
The United States attorney general (AG) is the head of the United States Department of Justice, and is the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government of the United States. The attorney general serves as the principal advisor to the p ...
(d. 1892)
*
1820
Events
January–March
*January 1 – Nominal beginning of the Trienio Liberal in Spain: A constitutionalist military insurrection at Cádiz leads to the summoning of the Spanish Parliament (March 7).
* January 8 – General Maritime ...
–
Francesco Bentivegna, Italian rebel leader (d. 1856)
*
1822
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The Greek Constitution of 1822 is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus.
*January 3 - The famous French explorer, Aimé Bonpland, is made prisoner in Paraguay accused of being a sp ...
–
Jules Antoine Lissajous, French mathematician and academic (d. 1880)
*
1823 –
George Caron
George Caron (March 4, 1823 – May 14, 1902) was a Quebec businessman and political figure. He represented Maskinongé in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Conservative member.
He was born in Rivière-du-Loup, Lower Canada in 1823 and ...
, Canadian businessman and politician (d. 1902)
*
1826
Events January–March
* January 15 – The French newspaper '' Le Figaro'' begins publication in Paris, initially as a weekly.
* January 30 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, built by engineer Thomas Telford, is opened between the island ...
–
August Johann Gottfried Bielenstein, German linguist, ethnographer, and theologian (d. 1907)
* 1826 –
John Buford
John Buford, Jr. (March 4, 1826 – December 16, 1863) was a United States Army cavalry officer. He fought for the Union as a brigadier general during the American Civil War. Buford is best known for having played a major role in the first day ...
, American general (d. 1863)
* 1826 –
Elme Marie Caro, French philosopher and academic (d. 1887)
* 1826 –
Theodore Judah, American engineer, founded the
Central Pacific Railroad
The Central Pacific Railroad (CPRR) was a rail company chartered by U.S. Congress in 1862 to build a railroad eastwards from Sacramento, California, to complete the western part of the "First transcontinental railroad" in North America. Incorpo ...
(d. 1863)
*
1828
Events
January–March
* January 4 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac succeeds the Comte de Villèle, as Prime Minister of France.
* January 8 – The Democratic Party of the United States is organized.
* January 22 – Arthu ...
–
Owen Wynne Jones
Owen Wynne Jones (4 March 1828 – 4 April 1870), often known by his bardic name of Glasynys, was a Welsh clergyman, folklorist, poet, novelist and short-story writer.
Life
Owen Wynne Jones was born at a house called Ty'n-y-ffrwd, in the vil ...
, Welsh clergyman and poet (d. 1870)
*
1838
Events
January–March
* January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London.
* January 11 – At Morristown, New Jersey, Samuel Morse, Alfred Vail and Leonard Gale give the first public demonstration o ...
–
Paul Lacôme, French pianist, cellist, and composer (d. 1920)
*
1847 –
Carl Josef Bayer, Austrian chemist and academic (d. 1904)
*
1851
Events
January–March
* January 11 – Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion.
* January 15 – Christian Female College, modern-day Columbia College, receives its charter from the Missouri General Assembly.
...
–
Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek author and poet (d. 1911)
*
1854 –
Napier Shaw, English meteorologist and academic (d. 1945)
*
1856
Events
January–March
* January 8 – Borax deposits are discovered in large quantities by John Veatch in California.
* January 23 – American paddle steamer SS ''Pacific'' leaves Liverpool (England) for a transatlantic voy ...
–
Alfred William Rich
Alfred William Rich (4 March 1856 – 7 September 1921) was an English artist, teacher and author.
Life and work
Rich was born between Scaynes Hill and Lindfield in Sussex. His study of art began at the age of eight, as a self-taught stude ...
, English painter, author, and educator (d. 1921)
*
1861
Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry.
Events
January–March
* January 1
** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City.
** The first steam- ...
–
Arthur Cushman McGiffert, American theologian and author (d. 1933)
*
1862
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria.
* January 6 – French intervention in Mexico: French, Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico.
* January ...
–
Jacob Robert Emden, Swiss astrophysicist and meteorologist (d. 1940)
*
1863
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate states an official war goal. It proclaims t ...
–
R. I. Pocock
Reginald Innes Pocock F.R.S. (4 March 1863 – 9 August 1947) was a British zoologist.
Pocock was born in Clifton, Bristol, the fourth son of Rev. Nicholas Pocock and Edith Prichard. He began showing interest in natural history at St. Edward ...
, English zoologist and archaeologist (d. 1947)
* 1863 –
John Henry Wigmore
John Henry Wigmore (1863–1943) was an American lawyer and legal scholar known for his expertise in the law of evidence and for his influential scholarship. Wigmore taught law at Keio University in Tokyo (1889–1892) before becoming the firs ...
, American academic and jurist (d. 1943)
*
1864
Events
January–March
* January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster (" Oh! Susanna", " Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song ...
–
David W. Taylor, American admiral, architect, and engineer (d. 1940)
*
1866
Events January–March
* January 1
** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee.
** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine ''The Liberator'' is published.
* January 6 – Ottoman troo ...
–
Eugène Cosserat
Eugène-Maurice-Pierre Cosserat (4 March 1866 – 31 May 1931) was a French mathematician and astronomer.
Born in Amiens, he studied at the École Normale Supérieure from 1883 to 1888.
He was on Science faculty of Toulouse University from ...
, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1931)
*
1867
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The Covington–Cincinnati Suspension Bridge opens between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky, in the United States, becoming the longest single-span bridge in the world. It was renamed a ...
–
Jacob L. Beilhart, American activist, founded the
Spirit Fruit Society (d. 1908)
* 1867 –
Charles Pelot Summerall
General Charles Pelot Summerall (March 4, 1867 – May 14, 1955) was a senior United States Army officer. He commanded the 1st Infantry Division in World War I, was Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1926 to 1930, and was President of ...
, American Army officer (d. 1955)
*
1870
Events
January–March
* January 1
** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England.
** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed.
* January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...
–
Thomas Sturge Moore
Thomas Sturge Moore (4 March 1870 – 18 July 1944) was a British poet, author and artist.
Biography
Sturge Moore was born at 3 Wellington Square, Hastings, East Sussex, on 4 March 1870 and educated at Dulwich College, the Croydon School o ...
, English author and poet (d. 1944)
*
1871
Events January–March
* January 3 – Franco-Prussian War – Battle of Bapaume: Prussians win a strategic victory.
* January 18 – Proclamation of the German Empire: The member states of the North German Confederation and the sout ...
–
Boris Galerkin, Russian mathematician and engineer (d. 1945)
*
1873
Events
January–March
* January 1
** Japan adopts the Gregorian calendar.
** The California Penal Code goes into effect.
* January 17 – American Indian Wars: Modoc War: First Battle of the Stronghold – Modoc Indians defeat ...
–
Guy Wetmore Carryl
Guy Wetmore Carryl (4 March 1873 – 1 April 1904) was an American humorist and poet.
Biography
Carryl was born in New York City, the first-born of writer Charles Edward Carryl and Mary R. Wetmore.
He had his first article published in '' Th ...
, American journalist and poet (d. 1904)
* 1873 –
John H. Trumbull, American colonel and politician, 70th
Governor of Connecticut
The governor of Connecticut is the head of government of Connecticut, and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Conne ...
(d. 1961)
*
1875
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of th ...
–
Mihály Károlyi, Hungarian politician,
President of Hungary
The president of Hungary, officially the president of the republicUnder the Basic Law, adopted in 2011, the official name of the state is simply Hungary; Before, the state was called the Republic of Hungary. However, the office is nonetheles ...
(d. 1955)
* 1875 –
Enrique Larreta, Argentinian historian and author (d. 1961)
*
1876
Events
January–March
* January 1
** The Reichsbank opens in Berlin.
** The Bass Brewery Red Triangle becomes the world's first registered trademark symbol.
* February 2 – The National League, National League of Professional Ba ...
–
Léon-Paul Fargue, French poet and author (d. 1947)
* 1876 –
Theodore Hardeen, Hungarian-American magician (d. 1945)
*
1877
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed ''Empress of India'' by the ''Royal Titles Act 1876'', introduced by Benjamin Disraeli, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom .
* January 8 – Great Sio ...
–
Alexander Goedicke, Russian pianist and composer (d. 1957)
* 1877 –
Fritz Graebner
Robert Fritz Graebner (4 March 1877, Berlin – 13 July 1934, Berlin) was a German geographer and ethnologist best known for his development of the theory of ''Kulturkreis'', or culture circle. He was the first theoretician of the ''Vienna School o ...
, German geographer and ethnologist (d. 1934)
* 1877 –
Garrett Morgan
Garrett Augustus Morgan, Sr. (March 4, 1877 – July 27, 1963) was an American inventor, businessman, and community leader. His most notable inventions were a three-position traffic signal and a smoke hood (a predecessor to the gas mask) notably ...
, African-American inventor (d. 1963)
*
1878 –
Takeo Arishima, Japanese author and critic (d. 1923)
* 1878 –
Egbert Van Alstyne, American pianist and songwriter (d. 1951)
*
1879
Events January–March
* January 1 – The Specie Resumption Act takes effect. The United States Note is valued the same as gold, for the first time since the American Civil War.
* January 11 – The Anglo-Zulu War begins.
* Janu ...
–
Bernhard Kellermann
Bernhard Kellermann (4 March 1879, Fürth, Kingdom of Bavaria – 17 October 1951) was a German author and poet.
Life
Bernhard Kellermann enrolled in 1899 at Technical University Munich initially in general studies, but later focused on G ...
, German author and poet (d. 1951)
*
1880 –
Channing Pollock, American playwright and critic (d. 1946)
*
1881
Events
January–March
* January 1– 24 – Siege of Geok Tepe: Russian troops under General Mikhail Skobelev defeat the Turkomans.
* January 13 – War of the Pacific – Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos: The C ...
–
Todor Aleksandrov
Todor Aleksandrov Poporushov, best known as Todor Alexandrov ( Bulgarian/Macedonian: Тодор Александров), also spelt as Alexandroff (4 March 1881 – 31 August 1924), was a Bulgarian revolutionary, army officer, politician and te ...
, Bulgarian educator and activist (d. 1924)
* 1881 –
Thomas Sigismund Stribling, American lawyer and author (d. 1965)
* 1881 –
Richard C. Tolman
Richard Chace Tolman (March 4, 1881 – September 5, 1948) was an American mathematical physicist and physical chemist who made many contributions to statistical mechanics. He also made important contributions to theoretical cosmology in t ...
, American physicist and chemist (d. 1948)
*
1882 –
Nicolae Titulescu
Nicolae Titulescu (; 4 March 1882 – 17 March 1941) was a Romanian diplomat, at various times government minister, finance and foreign minister, and for two terms president of the General Assembly of the League of Nations (1930–32).
Early y ...
, Romanian academic and politician, 61st
Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1941)
*
1883
Events
January–March
* January 4 – ''Life'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States.
* January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people.
* Janua ...
–
Maude Fealy, American actress and screenwriter (d. 1971)
* 1883 –
Robert Emmett Keane
Robert Emmett Keane (March 4, 1883 – July 2, 1981) was an American actor of both the stage and screen.
Biography
Keane began on stage in the 1910s, his first Broadway appearance being in the production of '' The Passing Show of 1914''. He co ...
, American actor (d. 1981)
* 1883 –
Sam Langford, Canadian-American boxer (d. 1956)
*
1884 –
Red Murray
John Joseph "Red" Murray (March 4, 1884 – December 4, 1958) was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball.
Career
Murray was born in Arnot, Pennsylvania. In 1902, he attended Lock Haven College, where he played football, basketball, and ...
, American baseball player (d. 1958)
* 1884 –
Lee Shumway
Lee Shumway (March 4, 1884 – January 4, 1959), born Leonard Charles Shumway, was an American actor. He appeared in more than 400 films between 1909 and 1953. He was born in Salt Lake City, Utah and died in Los Angeles, California.
Select ...
, American actor (d. 1959)
*
1886
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Upper Burma is formally annexed to British Burma, following its conquest in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of November 1885.
* January 5– 9 – Robert Louis Stevenson's novella ''Strange ...
–
Paul Bazelaire, French cellist and composer (d. 1958)
*
1888
In Germany, 1888 is known as the Year of the Three Emperors. Currently, it is the year that, when written in Roman numerals, has the most digits (13). The next year that also has 13 digits is the year 2388. The record will be surpassed as late ...
–
Rafaela Ottiano, Italian-American actress (d. 1942)
* 1888 –
Jeff Pfeffer, American baseball player (d. 1972)
* 1888 –
Emma Richter, German paleontologist (d. 1956)
* 1888 –
Knute Rockne
Knut ( Norwegian and Swedish), Knud ( Danish), or Knútur (Icelandic) is a Scandinavian, German, and Dutch first name, of which the anglicised form is Canute. In Germany both "Knut" and "Knud" are used. In Spanish and Portuguese Canuto is use ...
, American football player and coach (d. 1931)
*
1889 –
Oscar Chisini, Italian mathematician and statistician (d. 1967)
* 1889 –
Oren E. Long
Oren Ethelbirt Long (March 4, 1889 – May 6, 1965) was an American politician who served as the tenth Territorial Governor of Hawaii from 1951 to 1953. A member of the Democratic Party of Hawaii, Long was appointed to the office after the term o ...
, American soldier and politician, 10th
Territorial Governor of Hawaii
The governor of Hawaii ( haw, Ke Kiaʻaina o Hawaiʻi) is the head of government of the U.S. state of Hawaii and its various agencies and departments, as provided in the Hawaii State Constitution Article V, Sections 1 through 6. It is a direct ...
(d. 1965)
* 1889 –
Pearl White, American actress (d. 1938)
* 1889 –
Robert William Wood
Robert William Wood (March 4, 1889 – March 14, 1979) was an American landscape painter. He was born in England, emigrated to the United States and rose to prominence in the 1950s with the sales of millions of his color reproductions. He was ...
, English-American painter (d. 1979)
*
1890 –
Norman Bethune, Canadian soldier and physician (d. 1939)
*
1891
Events
January–March
* January 1
** Paying of old age pensions begins in Germany.
** A strike of 500 Hungarian steel workers occurs; 3,000 men are out of work as a consequence.
**Germany takes formal possession of its new Africa ...
–
Dazzy Vance, American baseball player (d. 1961)
*
1893
Events
January–March
* January 2 – Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers, which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America.
* Mark Twain started writing Puddn'head Wilson.
* January 6 – Th ...
–
Charles Herbert Colvin Charles Herbert Colvin (March 4, 1893 – July 3, 1985) was an aeronautical engineer who was the co-founder of the Pioneer Instrument Company in Brooklyn, with Brice Herbert Goldsborough and Morris M. Titterington.
Biography
Colvin was born ...
, American engineer, co-founded the
Pioneer Instrument Company
The Pioneer Instrument Company was an American aircraft component manufacturer.
History
The Pioneer Instrument Company was started by Morris Maxey Titterington and Brice Herbert Goldsborough in Brooklyn, New York in 1919 using patents from the ...
(d. 1985)
* 1893 –
Adolph Lowe, German sociologist and economist (d. 1995)
*
1894
Events January–March
* January 4 – A military alliance is established between the French Third Republic and the Russian Empire.
* January 7 – William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film in the United S ...
–
Charles Corm, Lebanese businessman and philanthropist (d. 1963)
*
1895 –
Milt Gross, American animator, director, and screenwriter (d. 1953)
*
1896 –
Kai Holm, Danish actor and director (d. 1985)
*
1897
Events
January–March
* January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in New York City.
* January 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a puniti ...
–
Lefty O'Doul, American baseball player and manager (d. 1969)
*
1898
Events
January–March
* January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, B ...
–
Georges Dumézil
Georges Edmond Raoul Dumézil (4 March 189811 October 1986) was a French philologist, linguist, and religious studies scholar who specialized in comparative linguistics and mythology. He was a professor at Istanbul University, École pratique ...
, French philologist and academic (d. 1986)
* 1898 –
Hans Krebs, German general (d. 1945)
*
1899
Events January 1899
* January 1
** Spanish rule ends in Cuba, concluding 400 years of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.
** Queens and Staten Island become administratively part of New York City.
* January 2 –
**Bolivia sets up a c ...
–
Peter Illing, Austrian born, British film and television actor (d. 1966)
* 1899 –
Emilio Prados, Spanish poet and author (d. 1962)
*
1900
As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15), ...
–
Herbert Biberman, American director and screenwriter (d. 1971)
1901–present
*
1901 –
Wilbur R. Franks, Canadian scientist, invented the
g-suit (d. 1986)
* 1901 –
Charles Goren, American bridge player and author (d. 1991)
* 1901 –
Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo
Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo (4 March 1901 or 1903 – 22 June 1937), born Joseph-Casimir Rabearivelo, was a Malagasy poet who is widely considered to be Africa's first modern poet and the greatest literary artist of Madagascar. Part of the fi ...
, Malagasy-French author, poet, and playwright (d. 1937)
*
1902
Events
January
* January 1
** The Nurses Registration Act 1901 comes into effect in New Zealand, making it the first country in the world to require state registration of nurses. On January 10, Ellen Dougherty becomes the world's f ...
–
Rachel Messerer, Lithuanian-Russian actress (d. 1993)
* 1902 –
Russell Reeder, American soldier and author (d. 1998)
*
1903
Events January
* January 1 – Edward VII is proclaimed Emperor of India.
* January 19 – The first west–east transatlantic radio broadcast is made from the United States to England (the first east–west broadcast having been ...
–
William C. Boyd
William Clouser Boyd (March 4, 1903 – February 19, 1983) was an American immunochemist. In the 1930s, with his wife Lyle, he made a worldwide survey of the distribution of blood types.
Biography
Born in Dearborn, Missouri, Boyd was educat ...
, American immunologist and chemist (d. 1983)
* 1903 –
Malcolm Dole, American chemist and academic (d. 1990)
* 1903 –
Dorothy Mackaill, English-American actress and singer (d. 1990)
* 1903 –
John Scarne, American magician and author (d. 1985)
*
1904 –
Luis Carrero Blanco
Admiral general (Spain), Admiral-General Luis Carrero Blanco (4 March 1904 – 20 December 1973) was a Spanish Navy officer and politician. A long-time confidant and right-hand man of dictator Francisco Franco, Carrero served as the Prime ...
, Spanish admiral and politician, 69th
President of the Government of Spain (d. 1973)
* 1904 –
George Gamow, Ukrainian-American physicist and cosmologist (d. 1968)
* 1904 –
Joseph Schmidt
Joseph Schmidt (4 March 1904 – 16 November 1942) was an Austro-Hungarian and Romanian Jewish tenor and actor.
Life and career
Schmidt was born in Davideny (Ukrainian: ''Davydivka'') village in the Storozhynets district of the Bukovina pr ...
, Austrian-Hungarian tenor and actor (d. 1942)
*
1906 –
Meindert DeJong, Dutch-American soldier and author (d. 1991)
* 1906 –
Avery Fisher, American violinist and engineer, founded
Fisher Electronics (d. 1994)
* 1906 –
Georges Ronsse, Belgian cyclist and manager (d. 1969)
*
1907 –
Edgar Barrier, American actor (d. 1964)
*
1908
Events
January
* January 1 – The British ''Nimrod'' Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton sets sail from New Zealand on the ''Nimrod'' for Antarctica.
* January 3 – A total solar eclipse is visible in the Pacific Ocean, and is the 46 ...
–
T. R. M. Howard, American surgeon and activist (d. 1976)
* 1908 –
Thomas Shaw Thomas Shaw is the name of:
Politicians
* Tom Shaw (politician) (1872–1938), British trade unionist and Labour Party politician
* Thomas Shaw (Halifax MP) (1823–1893), English Liberal politician, MP for Halifax
* Thomas Shaw, 1st Baron Craigmy ...
, American singer and guitarist (d. 1977)
*
1909 –
Harry Helmsley, American businessman (d. 1997)
* 1909 –
George Edward Holbrook
George Edward Holbrook (March 4, 1909 – February 26, 1987) was a noted American chemical engineer and a founding member of the National Academy of Engineering.
Biography
Holbrook was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and studied chemical engineer ...
, American chemist and engineer (d. 1987)
*
1910
Events
January
* January 13 – The first public radio broadcast takes place; live performances of the operas '' Cavalleria rusticana'' and ''Pagliacci'' are sent out over the airwaves, from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York C ...
–
Tancredo Neves
Tancredo de Almeida Neves () (4 March 1910 – 21 April 1985) was a Brazilian politician, lawyer, and entrepreneur. He served as Minister of Justice and Interior Affairs from 1953 to 1954, Prime Minister from 1961 to 1962, Minister of Finan ...
, Brazilian lawyer and politician,
Prime Minister of Brazil (d. 1985)
*
1911 –
Charles Greville, 7th Earl of Warwick, English actor (d. 1984)
*
1912 –
Afro Basaldella, Italian painter and academic (d. 1976)
* 1912 –
Ferdinand Leitner, German conductor and composer (d. 1996)
* 1912 –
Carl Marzani, Italian-American activist and publisher (d. 1994)
*
1913
Events January
* January 5 – First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not venture for the rest of the ...
–
Taos Amrouche, Algerian singer and author (d. 1976)
* 1913 –
John Garfield
John Garfield (born Jacob Julius Garfinkle, March 4, 1913 – May 21, 1952) was an American actor who played brooding, rebellious, working-class characters. He grew up in poverty in New York City. In the early 1930s, he became a member of ...
, American actor and singer (d. 1952)
*
1914 –
, American author (d. 1939)
* 1914 –
Ward Kimball, American animator, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2002)
* 1914 –
Robert R. Wilson, American physicist, sculptor, and architect (d. 2000)
*
1915
Events
Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.
January
*January – British physicist Sir Joseph Larmor publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction".
*January 1
...
–
László Csatáry
László Csizsik Csatáry (; 4 March 1915 – 10 August 2013) was a Hungarian citizen and an alleged Nazi war criminal, convicted and sentenced to death ''in absentia'' in 1948 by a Czechoslovak court. In 2012, his name was added to the Simon ...
, Hungarian art dealer (d. 2013)
* 1915 –
Frank Sleeman, Australian lieutenant and politician,
Lord Mayor of Brisbane (d. 2000)
* 1915 –
Carlos Surinach, Spanish-Catalan composer and conductor (d. 1997)
*
1916 –
William Alland, American actor, director, and producer (d. 1997)
* 1916 –
Giorgio Bassani, Italian author and poet (d. 2000)
* 1916 –
Hans Eysenck
Hans Jürgen Eysenck (; 4 March 1916 – 4 September 1997) was a German-born British psychologist who spent his professional career in Great Britain. He is best remembered for his work on intelligence and personality, although he worked on othe ...
, German-English psychologist and theorist (d. 1997)
* 1916 –
Ernest Titterton, British Australian nuclear physicist (d. 1990)
*
1917 –
Clyde McCullough, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1982)
*
1918
This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide.
Events
Below, the events ...
–
Kurt Dahlmann
Kurt Dahlmann (4 March 1918 – 29 August 2017) was a German pilot, attorney, journalist, newspaper editor and political activist. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany. Early life
D ...
, German pilot, lawyer, and journalist (d. 2017)
* 1918 –
Margaret Osborne duPont, American tennis player (d. 2012)
*
1919
Events
January
* January 1
** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia.
** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the ...
–
Buck Baker, American race car driver (d. 2002)
* 1919 –
Tan Chee Khoon
Tan Chee Khoon (; 4 March 1919 – 14 October 1996) was a major figure in Malaysian politics from 1959 to 1978, at one point being nicknamed "Mr. Opposition" for the outspoken views he presented in Parliament. He was the official Leader of the ...
, Malaysian physician and politician (d. 1996)
*
1920 –
Jean Lecanuet, French politician,
French Minister of Justice
The Minister of Justice (french: Ministre de la Justice), also known as the Minister of Justice, Keeper of the Seals (''Ministre de la Justice, garde des Sceaux''), is a cabinet position in the Government of France. The current Minister of Justi ...
(d. 1993)
* 1920 –
Alan MacNaughtan, Scottish-English actor (d. 2002)
*
1921 –
Halim El-Dabh
Halim Abdul Messieh El-Dabh ( ar, حليم عبد المسيح الضبع, ''Ḥalīm ʻAbd al-Masīḥ al-Ḍab''ʻ; March 4, 1921 – September 2, 2017) was an Egyptian-American composer, musician, ethnomusicologist, and educator, who had ...
, Egyptian-American composer and educator (d. 2017)
* 1921 – Joan Greenwood, English actress (d. 1987)
* 1921 – Dinny Pails, English-Australian tennis player (d. 1986)
*1922 – Richard E. Cunha, American director and cinematographer (d. 2005)
* 1922 – Dina Pathak, Indian actor and director (d. 2002)
*1923 – Russell Freeburg, American journalist and author
* 1923 – Francis King, English author and poet (d. 2011)
* 1923 – Patrick Moore, English astronomer and television host (d. 2012)
*1924 – Kenneth O'Donnell, American soldier and politician (d. 1977)
*1925 – Alan R. Battersby, English chemist and academic (d. 2018)
* 1925 – Paul Mauriat, French conductor and composer (d. 2006)
*1926 – Henri de Contenson, French archaeologist and academic (d. 2019)
* 1926 – Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma, French businessman, soldier and racing driver (d. 2018)
* 1926 – Richard DeVos, American businessman and philanthropist, co-founded Amway (d. 2018)
* 1926 – Pascual Pérez (boxer), Pascual Pérez, Argentinian boxer (d. 1977)
* 1926 – Don Rendell, English saxophonist and flute player (d. 2015)
*1927 – Phil Batt, American soldier and politician, 29th Governor of Idaho
* 1927 – Thayer David, American actor (d. 1978)
* 1927 – Jacques Dupin, French poet and critic (d. 2012)
* 1927 – Dick Savitt, American tennis player and businessman
*1928 – Samuel Adler (composer), Samuel Adler, German-American composer and conductor
* 1928 – Alan Sillitoe, English novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet (d. 2010)
*1929 – Bernard Haitink, Dutch violinist and conductor (d. 2021)
* 1929 – Peter Swerling, American theoretician and engineer (d. 2000)
*1931 – Wally Bruner, American journalist and television host (d. 1997)
* 1931 – Bob Johnson (ice hockey, born 1931), Bob Johnson, American ice hockey player and coach (d. 1991)
* 1931 – William Henry Keeler, American cardinal (d. 2017)
* 1931 – Alice Rivlin, American economist and politician (d. 2019)
*1932 – Sigurd Jansen, Norwegian pianist, composer, and conductor
* 1932 – Ryszard Kapuściński, Polish journalist, photographer, and poet (d. 2007)
* 1932 – Miriam Makeba, South African singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2008)
* 1932 – Ed Roth, American illustrator (d. 2001)
* 1932 – Frank Wells, American businessman (d. 1994)
*
1933 – Nino Vaccarella, Italian racing driver (d. 2021)
*1934 – Mario Davidovsky, Argentinian-American composer and academic (d. 2019)
* 1934 – John Duffey, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1996)
* 1934 – Anne Haney, American actress (d. 2001)
* 1934 – Barbara McNair, American singer and actress (d. 2007)
* 1934 – Sandra Reynolds, South African tennis player
* 1934 – Janez Strnad, Slovenian physicist and academic (d. 2015)
*1935 – Edward Dębicki, Ukrainian-Polish poet and composer
* 1935 – Bent Larsen, Danish chess player and author (d. 2010)
*1936 – Eric Allandale, Dominican trombonist and songwriter (d. 2001)
* 1936 – Jim Clark, Scottish racing driver (d. 1968)
* 1936 – Aribert Reimann, German pianist and composer
*1937 – José Araquistáin, Spanish footballer
* 1937 – William Deverell, Canadian lawyer, author, and activist
* 1937 – Graham Dowling, New Zealand cricketer
* 1937 – Leslie H. Gelb, American journalist and author (d. 2019)
* 1937 – Yuri Senkevich, Russian physician and explorer (d. 2003)
* 1937 – Barney Wilen, French saxophonist and composer (d. 1996)
* 1937 – Richard B. Wright, Canadian journalist and author (d. 2017)
*1938 – Anton Balasingham, Sri Lankan-English negotiator (d. 2006)
* 1938 – Alpha Condé, Guinean politician, President of Guinea
* 1938 – Allan Kornblum, American police officer and judge (d. 2010)
* 1938 – Don Perkins, American football player and sportscaster
* 1938 – Paula Prentiss, American actress
* 1938 – Adam Daniel Rotfeld, Polish academic and politician, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland), Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs
*1939 – Jack Fisher, American baseball player
* 1939 – Robert Shaye, American film producer
*1940 – Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem, German scholar and judge
* 1940 – David Plante, American novelist
*
1941
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January– August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar E ...
– John Hancock (actor), John Hancock, American film and television actor (d. 1992)
* 1941 – Adrian Lyne, English director, producer, and screenwriter
* 1941 – James Zagel, American lawyer and judge
*1942 – Gloria Gaither, American singer-songwriter
* 1942 – Charles C. Krulak, American general
* 1942 – David Matthews (keyboardist), David Matthews, American keyboard player and composer
* 1942 – Lynn Sherr, American journalist and author
* 1942 – James Gustave Speth, American lawyer and politician
* 1942 – Zorán Sztevanovity, Serbian-Hungarian singer-songwriter and guitarist
*
1943
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured.
* January 4 – ...
– Lucio Dalla, Italian singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2012)
* 1943 – Aldo Rico, Argentinian commander and politician
*
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in No ...
– Harvey Postlethwaite, English engineer (d. 1999)
* 1944 – Anthony Ichiro Sanda, Japanese-American physicist and academic
* 1944 – Len Walker, English footballer and manager
* 1944 – Bobby Womack, American singer-songwriter (d. 2014)
*1945 – Tommy Svensson, Swedish footballer and manager
* 1945 – Gary Williams, American basketball player and coach
*1946 – Michael Ashcroft, English businessman and politician
* 1946 – Danny Frisella, American baseball player (d. 1977)
* 1946 – Haile Gerima, Ethiopian born US filmmaker
* 1946 – Patricia Kennealy-Morrison, American journalist and author
*1947 – David Franzoni, American screenwriter and film producer
* 1947 – Jan Garbarek, Norwegian saxophonist and composer
* 1947 – Bob Lewis (musician), Bob Lewis, American guitarist
* 1947 – Pēteris Plakidis, Latvian pianist and composer (d. 2017)
*1948 – Lindy Chamberlain-Creighton, New Zealand-Australian author
* 1948 – James Ellroy, American writer
* 1948 – Tom Grieve, American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster
* 1948 – Mike Moran (music producer), Mike Moran, English musician, songwriter and record producer
* 1948 – Jean O'Leary, American nun and activist (d. 2005)
* 1948 – Chris Squire, English singer-songwriter and bass guitarist (d. 2015)
* 1948 – Shakin' Stevens, British singer-songwriter
*1949 – Sergei Bagapsh, Abkhazian politician, 2nd President of Abkhazia (d. 2011)
* 1949 – Carroll Baker (singer), Carroll Baker, Canadian singer-songwriter
*1950 – Ofelia Medina, Mexican actress and screenwriter
* 1950 – Rick Perry, American captain and politician, 47th Governor of Texas
* 1950 – Safet Plakalo, Bosnian author and playwright (d. 2015)
*1951 – Edelgard Bulmahn, German educator and politician, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Federal Minister of Education and Research
* 1951 – Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, South Korean-American author, director, and producer (d. 1982)
* 1951 – Kenny Dalglish, Scottish footballer and manager
* 1951 – Pete Haycock, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2013)
* 1951 – Peter O'Sullivan (Welsh footballer), Peter O'Sullivan, Welsh international footballer
* 1951 – Sam Perlozzo, American baseball player and manager
* 1951 – Chris Rea, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1951 – Glenis Willmott, English scientist and politician
* 1951 – Zoran Žižić, Montenegrin politician, 4th Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (d. 2013)
*1952 – Peter Kuhfeld, English painter
* 1952 – Ronn Moss, American singer-songwriter and actor
* 1952 – Svend Robinson, American-Canadian lawyer and politician
* 1952 – Umberto Tozzi, Italian singer-songwriter and producer
*1953 – John Edwards (producer), John Edwards, Australian director and producer
* 1953 – Emilio Estefan, Cuban-American drummer and producer
* 1953 – Paweł Janas, Polish footballer and manager
* 1953 – Ray Price (rugby), Ray Price, Australian rugby player and sportscaster
* 1953 – Reinhold Roth, German motorcycle racer
* 1953 – Chris Smith (New Jersey politician), Chris Smith, American lawyer and politician
* 1953 – Agustí Villaronga, Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter
* 1953 – Daniel Woodrell, American novelist and short story writer
*1954 – Timur Apakidze, Russian general and pilot (d. 2001)
* 1954 – Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, Korean American author (d. 1982)
* 1954 – François Fillon, French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France
* 1954 – Peter Jacobsen, American golfer and sportscaster
* 1954 – Catherine O'Hara, Canadian-American actress and comedian
* 1954 – Irina Ratushinskaya, Russian poet and author (d. 2017)
*
1955 – Tim Costello, Australian minister and politician
* 1955 – Joey Jones, Welsh footballer and manager
*
1957
1957 (Roman numerals, MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday, common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, t ...
– Nicholas Coleridge, English journalist and businessman
* 1957 – Ron Fassler, American film and television actor and author
* 1957 – Mykelti Williamson, American actor and director
*1958 – Patricia Heaton, American actress
* 1958 – Massimo Mascioletti, Italian rugby player and coach
* 1958 – Tina Smith, American politician, junior senator of Minnesota
*1959 – Rick Ardon, Australian journalist
* 1959 – Plamen Getov, Bulgarian footballer
*
1960 – Chonda Pierce, American comedian
*1961 – Ray Mancini, American boxer
* 1961 – Roger Wessels, South African golfer and educator
*1963 – Jason Newsted, American heavy metal singer-songwriter and bass player
*1964 – Brian Crowley, Irish lawyer and politician
* 1964 – Paolo Virzì, Italian director and screenwriter
*1965 – Greg Alexander, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
* 1965 – Paul W. S. Anderson, English director, producer, and screenwriter
* 1965 – Khaled Hosseini, Afghan-born American novelist
* 1965 – Yury Lonchakov, Russian pilot, and cosmonaut
*
1966 – Emese Hunyady, Hungarian speed skater
* 1966 – Kevin Johnson (basketball), Kevin Johnson, American basketball player and politician, 55th Mayor of Sacramento
* 1966 – Fiona Ma, American accountant and politician
* 1966 – Helmut Mayer, Austrian skier
* 1966 – Glen Nissen, Australian rugby league player
* 1966 – Dav Pilkey, American author and illustrator
* 1966 – Grand Puba, American rapper
* 1966 – Mike Small (golfer), Mike Small, American golfer and coach
*1967 – Daryll Cullinan, South African cricketer and coach
* 1967 – Evan Dando, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1967 – Ivan Lewis, English lawyer and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
* 1967 – Terry Matterson, Australian rugby league player and coach
* 1967 – Dave Rayner (cyclist), Dave Rayner, English cyclist (d. 1994)
* 1967 – Sam Taylor-Johnson, English filmmaker and photographer
* 1967 – Kubilay Türkyilmaz, Swiss footballer
* 1967 – Tim Vine, English comedian, actor, and author
*1968 – Giovanni Carrara, Venezuelan baseball player
* 1968 – Jorge Celedón, Colombian singer
* 1968 – Patsy Kensit, English model and actress
* 1968 – Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Greek banker and politician, Prime Minister of Greece
* 1968 – Graham Westley, English footballer and manager
*1969 – Pierluigi Casiraghi, Italian footballer and manager
* 1969 – Wayne Collins (footballer), Wayne Collins, English footballer
* 1969 – Annie Yi, Taiwanese singer, actress, and writer
*
1970 – Àlex Crivillé, Spanish motorcycle racer
* 1970 – Will Keen, English actor
* 1970 – Caroline Vis, Dutch tennis player
*1971 – Iain Baird, Canadian soccer player and manager
* 1971 – Claire Baker, Scottish politician
* 1971 – Anders Kjølholm, Danish bass player
* 1971 – Satoshi Motoyama, Japanese racing driver
*1972 – Katherine Center, American journalist and author
* 1972 – Nocturno Culto, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1972 – Robert Smith (running back), Robert Smith, American football player and sportscaster
* 1972 – Ivy Queen, Puerto Rican singer, songwriter, rapper, actress and record producer
* 1972 – Jos Verstappen, Dutch racing driver
* 1972 – Alison Wheeler, English singer-songwriter
*1973 – Massimo Brambilla, Italian footballer and coach
* 1973 – Phillip Daniels, American football player and coach
* 1973 – Valery Kobelev, Russian ski jumper
* 1973 – Penny Mordaunt, English lieutenant and politician, Minister of State for the Armed Forces
* 1973 – Linus of Hollywood, American singer-songwriter and producer
* 1973 – Len Wiseman, American director, producer, and screenwriter
* 1973 – Chandra Sekhar Yeleti, Indian director and screenwriter
*1974 – Crowbar (wrestler), Crowbar, American wrestler
* 1974 – Mladen Krstajić, Serbian footballer and manager
* 1974 – Karol Kučera, Slovak tennis player
* 1974 – Ariel Ortega, Argentinian footballer
* 1974 – Tommy Phelps, South Korean-American baseball player and coach
* 1974 – ICS Vortex, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1974 – David Wagner (tennis), David Wagner, American tennis player and educator
* 1974 – Bill Young (rugby union), Bill Young, Australian rugby player
*1975 – Mats Eilertsen, Norwegian bassist and composer
* 1975 – Patrick Femerling, German basketball player
* 1975 – Antti Aalto, Finnish ice hockey player
* 1975 – Kristi Harrower, Australian basketball player
* 1975 – Hawksley Workman, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
*
1976
Events January
* January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force.
* January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea.
* January 11 – The 1976 Phil ...
– Robbie Blake, English footballer
* 1976 – Tommy Jönsson, Swedish footballer
*
1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrati ...
– Nacho Figueras, Argentinian polo player and model
* 1977 – Traver Rains, American fashion designer and photographer
*1978 – Pierre Dagenais, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1978 – Denis Dallan, Italian rugby player and singer
* 1978 – Jean-Marc Pelletier, American ice hockey player
*1979 – Sarah Stock, Canadian wrestler and trainer
*
1980 – Rohan Bopanna, Indian tennis player
* 1980 – Omar Bravo, Mexican footballer
* 1980 – Suzanna Choffel, American singer-songwriter
* 1980 – Giedrius Gustas, Lithuanian basketball player
* 1980 – Scott Hamilton (rugby union), Scott Hamilton, New Zealand rugby player and coach
* 1980 – Jack Hannahan, American baseball player
* 1980 – Michael Henrich, American ice hockey player
* 1980 – Phil McGuire (footballer), Phil McGuire, Scottish footballer and manager
* 1980 – Aja Volkman, American singer-songwriter
*1981 – Ariza Makukula, Portuguese footballer
* 1981 – Helen Wyman, English cyclist
*1982 – Landon Donovan, American soccer player and coach
* 1982 – Cate Edwards, American lawyer and author
* 1982 – Ludmila Ezhova, Russian gymnast
* 1982 – Yasemin Mori, Turkish singer
*1983 – Samuel Contesti, French-Italian figure skater
* 1983 – Adam Deacon, English film actor, rapper, writer and director
* 1983 – Jaque Fourie, South African rugby player
* 1983 – Drew Houston, American Internet entrepreneur
*1984 – Josh Bowman, English actor
* 1984 – Tamir Cohen, Israeli footballer
* 1984 – Anders Grøndal, Norwegian racing driver
* 1984 – Spencer Larsen, American football player
* 1984 – Jeremy Loops, South African singer-songwriter and record producer
* 1984 – Raven Quinn, American singer-songwriter
* 1984 – Zak Whitbread, American-English footballer
*
1985 – Jake Buxton, English footballer
* 1985 – Chinedum Ndukwe, American football player
* 1985 – Whitney Port, American fashion designer and author
*
1986 – Steven Burke, English road and track cyclist
* 1986 – Tom De Mul, Belgian footballer
* 1986 – Mike Krieger, Brazilian-American computer programmer and businessman, co-founded Instagram
* 1986 – Park Min-young, South Korean actress
* 1986 – Siim Roops, Estonian footballer
* 1986 – Bohdan Shust, Ukrainian footballer
* 1986 – Manu Vatuvei, New Zealand rugby league player
* 1986 – Margo Harshman, American actress
*1987 – Ben McKinley, Australian footballer
* 1987 – Cameron Wood, Australian footballer
* 1987 – Tamzin Merchant, English actress
*1988 – Gal Mekel, Israeli basketball player
* 1988 – Laura Siegemund, German tennis player
* 1988 – Adam Watts (footballer), Adam Watts, English footballer
*1989 – Benjamin Kiplagat, Ugandan long-distance runner
*
1990 – Andrea Bowen, American actress
* 1990 – Draymond Green, American basketball player
* 1990 – Paddy Madden, Irish footballer
* 1990 – Fran Mérida, Spanish footballer
*1992 – Nick Castellanos, American baseball player
* 1992 – Erik Lamela, Argentinian international footballer
* 1992 – Bernd Leno, German footballer
* 1992 – Karl Mööl, Estonian footballer
*1993 – Bobbi Kristina Brown, American singer and actress (d. 2015)
* 1993 – Richard Peniket, English footballer
*
1994
File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson Ma ...
– Callum Harriott, English footballer
* 1994 – AJ Tracey, British hip-hop artist and record producer
*1995 – Chlöe Howl, British singer-songwriter
* 1995 – Bill Milner, English actor
*
1996
File:1996 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: A bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, set off by a radical anti-abortionist; The center fuel tank explodes on TWA Flight 800, causing the plane to crash and killing everyone on b ...
– Lukas Webb, Australian rules footballer
*
2001
The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan ...
– Freya Anderson, English freestyle swimmer
*
2002 – Jacob Hopkins, American actor
*2007 – Miya Cech, American actress
Deaths
Pre-1600
*
306 – Adrian and Natalia of Nicomedia, Christian martyrs
* 480 – Landry of Sées, French bishop and saint
* 561 – Pope Pelagius I, Pelagius I, pope of the Catholic Church
* 934 – Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah, Fatimid caliph (b. 873)
*1172 – Stephen III of Hungary, Stephen III, king of Hungary (b. 1147)
*1193 – Saladin, founder of the Ayyubid Sultanate (b. 1137)
*
1238
Year 1238 ( MCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Mongol Empire
* January 15– 20 – Siege of Moscow: The Mongols under Batu Khan a ...
– Joan of England, Queen of Scotland, Joan of England, queen of Scotland (b. 1210)
* 1238 – Yuri II of Vladimir, Yuri II, Russian Grand Prince (b. 1189)
*1303 – Daniel of Moscow, Russian Grand Duke (b. 1261)
*1314 – Jakub Świnka, Polish priest and archbishop
*1371 – Jeanne d'Évreux, queen consort of France (b. 1310)
*1388 – Thomas Usk, English author
*
1484
Year 1484 ( MCDLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1484th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 484th year of the 2nd millennium, the 84th ye ...
– Saint Casimir, Polish prince (b. 1458)
*1496 – Sigismund, Archduke of Austria, Sigismund, archduke of Austria (b. 1427)
*1556 – Leonhard Kleber, German organist (b. 1495)
*1583 – Bernard Gilpin, English priest and theologian (b. 1517)
1601–1900
*1604 – Fausto Sozzini, Italian theologian and educator (b. 1539)
*1615 – Hans von Aachen, German painter and educator (b. 1552)
*1710 – Louis, Prince of Condé (1668–1710), Louis III, duke of Bourbon (b. 1668)
*1733 – Claude de Forbin, French admiral and politician (b. 1656)
*1744 – John Anstis, English historian and politician (b. 1669)
*1762 – Johannes Zick, German painter (b. 1702)
*
1793 – Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre (b. 1725)
*1795 – John Collins (Continental Congress), John Collins, American politician, 3rd List of Governors of Rhode Island, Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1717)
*1805 – Jean-Baptiste Greuze, French painter (b. 1725)
*1807 – Abraham Baldwin, American minister, lawyer, and politician (b. 1754)
*1811 – Mariano Moreno, Argentinian journalist, lawyer, and politician (b. 1778)
*1832 – Jean-François Champollion, French philologist and scholar (b. 1790)
*
1851
Events
January–March
* January 11 – Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion.
* January 15 – Christian Female College, modern-day Columbia College, receives its charter from the Missouri General Assembly.
...
– James Richardson (explorer), James Richardson, English explorer (b. 1809)
*1852 – Nikolai Gogol, Ukrainian-Russian short story writer, novelist, and playwright (b. 1809)
*1853 – Thomas Bladen Capel, English admiral (b. 1776)
* 1853 – Christian Leopold von Buch, German geologist and paleontologist (b. 1774)
*1858 – Matthew C. Perry, American naval commander (b. 1794)
*
1864
Events
January–March
* January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster (" Oh! Susanna", " Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song ...
– Thomas Starr King, American minister and politician (b. 1824)
*
1866
Events January–March
* January 1
** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee.
** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine ''The Liberator'' is published.
* January 6 – Ottoman troo ...
– Alexander Campbell (clergyman), Alexander Campbell, Irish-American minister and theologian (b. 1788)
*1872 – Carsten Hauch, Danish poet and playwright (b. 1790)
*
1883
Events
January–March
* January 4 – ''Life'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States.
* January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people.
* Janua ...
– Alexander H. Stephens, American lawyer and politician, Vice President of the Confederate States of America (b. 1812)
*
1888
In Germany, 1888 is known as the Year of the Three Emperors. Currently, it is the year that, when written in Roman numerals, has the most digits (13). The next year that also has 13 digits is the year 2388. The record will be surpassed as late ...
– Amos Bronson Alcott, American philosopher and educator (b. 1799)
1901–present
*
1903
Events January
* January 1 – Edward VII is proclaimed Emperor of India.
* January 19 – The first west–east transatlantic radio broadcast is made from the United States to England (the first east–west broadcast having been ...
– Joseph Henry Shorthouse, English author (b. 1834)
*
1906 – John Schofield, American general and politician, 28th United States Secretary of War (b. 1831)
*
1915
Events
Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.
January
*January – British physicist Sir Joseph Larmor publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction".
*January 1
...
– William Willett, English inventor, founded British Summer Time (b. 1856)
*
1916 – Franz Marc, German painter (b. 1880)
*1925 – Moritz Moszkowski, Polish-German pianist and composer (b. 1854)
* 1925 – James Ward (psychologist), James Ward, English psychologist and philosopher (b. 1843)
* 1925 – John Montgomery Ward, American baseball player and manager (b. 1860)
*1927 – Ira Remsen, American chemist and academic (b. 1846)
*1938 – George Foster Peabody, American banker and philanthropist (b. 1852)
* 1938 – Jack Taylor (1900s pitcher), Jack Taylor, American baseball player (b. 1874)
*1940 – Hamlin Garland, American novelist, poet, essayist, and short story writer (b. 1860)
*
1941
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January– August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar E ...
– Ludwig Quidde, German activist and politician, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1858)
*
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in No ...
– Fannie Barrier Williams, American educator and activist (b. 1855)
* 1944 – Louis Buchalter, American mob boss (b. 1897)
* 1944 – Louis Capone, Italian-American gangster (b. 1896)
* 1944 – René Lefebvre, French businessman (b. 1879)
*1945 – Lucille La Verne, American actress (b. 1872)
* 1945 – Mark Sandrich, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1900)
*1948 – Antonin Artaud, French actor and director (b. 1896)
*1949 – Clarence Kingsbury, English cyclist (b. 1882)
*1952 – Charles Scott Sherrington, English neurophysiologist and pathologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857)
*1954 – Noel Gay, English composer and songwriter (b. 1898)
*
1960 – Herbert O'Conor, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 51st Governor of Maryland (b. 1896)
*1963 – William Carlos Williams, American poet, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1883)
*1969 – Nicholas Schenck, Russian-American businessman (b. 1881)
*1972 – Harold Barrowclough, New Zealand general, lawyer, and politician, 8th Chief Justice of New Zealand (b. 1894)
* 1972 – Charles Biro, American author and illustrator (b. 1911)
*1974 – Adolph Gottlieb, American painter and sculptor (b. 1903)
*
1976
Events January
* January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force.
* January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea.
* January 11 – The 1976 Phil ...
– John Marvin Jones, American judge and politician (b. 1882)
* 1976 – Walter H. Schottky, Swiss-German physicist and engineer (b. 1886)
*
1977
Events January
* January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group.
* January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrati ...
– Anatol E. Baconsky, Romanian poet, author, and critic (b. 1925)
* 1977 – Nancy Tyson Burbidge, Australian botanist and curator (b. 1912)
* 1977 – Andrés Caicedo, Colombian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1951)
* 1977 – William Paul (attorney), William Paul, American lawyer and politician (b. 1885)
* 1977 – Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, German jurist and politician, Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany), German Minister for Foreign Affairs (b. 1887)
*1978 – Wesley Bolin, American businessman and politician, 15th Governor of Arizona (b. 1909)
* 1978 – Joe Marsala, American clarinet player and songwriter (b. 1907)
*1979 – Willi Unsoeld, American mountaineer and educator (b. 1926)
*
1980 – Alan Hardaker, English lieutenant and businessman (b. 1912)
*1981 – Torin Thatcher, American actor (b. 1905)
* 1981 – Karl-Jesko von Puttkamer, German admiral (b. 1900)
*
1986 – Albert L. Lehninger, American biochemist and academic (b. 1917)
* 1986 – Richard Manuel, Canadian singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1943)
* 1986 – Elizabeth Smart (Canadian author), Elizabeth Smart, Canadian poet and author (b. 1913)
*1987 – Seibo Kitamura, Japanese sculptor (b. 1884)
*1988 – Beatriz Guido, Argentine author and screenwriter (b. 1924)
*1989 – Tiny Grimes, American guitarist (b. 1916)
*
1990 –
Hank Gathers, American basketball player (b. 1967)
*1991 – Godfrey Bryan, English cricketer (b. 1902)
*1992 – Art Babbitt, American animator and director (b. 1907)
* 1992 – Pare Lorentz, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1905)
*1993 – Art Hodes, Ukrainian-American pianist and composer (b. 1904)
* 1993 – Tomislav Ivčić, Croatian singer-songwriter and politician (b. 1953)
* 1993 – Izaak Kolthoff, Dutch chemist and academic (b. 1894)
* 1993 – Nicholas Ridley, Baron Ridley of Liddesdale, English lieutenant and politician, Secretary of State for the Environment (b. 1929)
*
1994
File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson Ma ...
– John Candy, Canadian comedian and actor (b. 1950)
* 1994 – George Edward Hughes, Irish-Scottish philosopher and author (b. 1918)
*1995 – Matt Urban, American colonel, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1919)
*
1996
File:1996 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: A bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, set off by a radical anti-abortionist; The center fuel tank explodes on TWA Flight 800, causing the plane to crash and killing everyone on b ...
– Minnie Pearl, American entertainer (b. 1912)
* 1996 – John Sauer, American football player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1925)
*1997 – Joe Baker-Cresswell, English captain (b. 1901)
* 1997 – Robert H. Dicke, American physicist and astronomer (b. 1916)
*
1998
1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''.
Events January
* January 6 – The ''Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently s ...
– Ivan Dougherty, Australian general (b. 1907)
*1999 – Harry Blackmun, American lawyer and judge (b. 1908)
* 1999 – Del Close, American actor and educator (b. 1934)
* 1999 – Miłosz Magin, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1929)
*2000 – Hermann Brück, German-Scottish physicist and astronomer (b. 1905)
* 2000 – Michael Noonan (Australian writer), Michael Noonan, New Zealand-Australian author and screenwriter (b. 1921)
* 2000 – Ta-You Wu, Chinese physicist and academic (b. 1907)
*
2001
The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan ...
– Gerardo Barbero, Argentinian chess player (b. 1961)
* 2001 – Jean René Bazaine, French painter and author (b. 1904)
* 2001 – Fred Lasswell, American cartoonist (b. 1916)
* 2001 – Jim Rhodes, American businessman and politician, 61st Governor of Ohio (b. 1909)
* 2001 – Harold Stassen, American educator and politician, 25th Governor of Minnesota (b. 1907)
*
2002 – Ugnė Karvelis, Lithuanian author and translator (b. 1935)
* 2002 – Elyne Mitchell, Australian skier and author (b. 1913)
* 2002 – Velibor Vasović, Serbian footballer and manager (b. 1939)
*2003 – Jaba Ioseliani, Georgian playwright, academic, and politician (b. 1926)
* 2003 – Sébastien Japrisot, French author, screenwriter, and director (b. 1931)
*2004 – Claude Nougaro, French singer-songwriter (b. 1929)
*2005 – Nicola Calipari, Italian general (b. 1953)
* 2005 – Yuriy Kravchenko, Ukrainian police officer and politician (b. 1951)
* 2005 – Carlos Sherman, Uruguayan-Belarusian author and activist (b. 1934)
*2006 – John Reynolds Gardiner, American author and engineer (b. 1944)
* 2006 – Edgar Valter, Estonian author and illustrator (b. 1929)
*2007 – Thomas Eagleton, American lawyer and politician, 38th Lieutenant Governor of Missouri (b. 1929)
* 2007 – Tadeusz Nalepa, Polish singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1934)
* 2007 – Ian Wooldridge, English journalist (b. 1932)
*2008 – Gary Gygax, American game designer, co-created ''Dungeons & Dragons'' (b. 1938)
* 2008 – Leonard Rosenman, American composer and conductor (b. 1924)
*
2009
File:2009 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The vertical stabilizer of Air France Flight 447 is pulled out from the Atlantic Ocean; Barack Obama becomes the first African American to become President of the United States; 2009 Iran ...
– Yvon Cormier, Canadian wrestler (b. 1938)
* 2009 – Horton Foote, American playwright and screenwriter (b. 1916)
* 2009 – George McAfee, American football player (b. 1918)
*2010 – Raimund Abraham, Austrian architect and educator, designed the Austrian Cultural Forum New York (b. 1933)
* 2010 – Johnny Alf, Brazilian pianist and composer (b. 1929)
* 2010 – Vladislav Ardzinba, Abkhazian historian and politician, 1st President of Abkhazia (b. 1945)
* 2010 – Fred Wedlock, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1942)
*2011 – Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Nepalese journalist and politician, 29th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1924)
* 2011 – Vivienne Harris (businesswoman), Vivienne Harris, English journalist and publisher, co-founded the ''Jewish Telegraph'' (b. 1921)
* 2011 – Ed Manning, American basketball player and coach (b. 1943)
* 2011 – Arjun Singh (former politician), Arjun Singh, Indian politician (b. 1930)
* 2011 – Alenush Terian, Iranian astronomer and physicist (b. 1920)
* 2011 – Simon van der Meer, Dutch-Swiss physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1925)
*
2012
File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
– Paul McBride, Scottish lawyer and politician (b. 1965)
* 2012 – Don Mincher, American baseball player (b. 1938)
*2013 – Lillian Cahn, Hungarian-American businesswoman, co-founded Coach, Inc. (b. 1923)
* 2013 – Mickey Moore, Canadian-American actor and director (b. 1914)
* 2013 – Toren Smith, Canadian businessman, founded Studio Proteus (b. 1960)
*2014 – Mark Freidkin, Russian author and poet (b. 1953)
* 2014 – Elaine Kellett-Bowman, English lawyer and politician (b. 1923)
* 2014 – Jack Kinzler, American engineer (b. 1920)
* 2014 – Wu Tianming, Chinese director and producer (b. 1939)
*
2015
File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the April ...
– Dušan Bilandžić, Croatian historian and politician (b. 1924)
* 2015 – Ray Hatton, English-American runner, author, and academic (b. 1932)
*2016 – Bud Collins, American journalist and sportscaster (b. 1929)
* 2016 – Pat Conroy, American author (b. 1945)
* 2016 – P. A. Sangma, Indian lawyer and politician, Speaker of the Lok Sabha (b. 1947)
* 2016 – Zhou Xiaoyan, Chinese soprano and educator (b. 1917)
*2017 – Clayton Yeutter, American politician (b. 1930)
*
2018 – Davide Astori, Italian soccer player (b. 1987)
*2019 – Keith Flint, English singer (The Prodigy) (b. 1969)
* 2019 – Luke Perry, American actor (b. 1966)
*
2020
2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global social and economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, worldwide lockdowns and the largest economic recession since the Great Depression in ...
– Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Peruvian politician and diplomat (b. 1920)
*2022 – Rod Marsh, Australian cricketer and coach (b. 1947)
* 2022 – Shane Warne, Australian cricketer, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1969)
Holidays and observances
*Christian feast day:
**
Adrian of Nicomedia
Adrian of Nicomedia (also known as Hadrian) or Saint Adrian ( el, Ἁδριανὸς Νικομηδείας, Adrianos Nikomēdeias, died 4 March 306) was a Herculian Guard of the Roman Emperor Galerius Maximian. After becoming a convert to Chri ...
**Saint Casimir, Casimir
**Felix of Rhuys
**Giovanni Antonio Farina (Catholic Church)
**Beatification, Blessed Humbert III, Count of Savoy (Roman Catholic Church)
**Paul Cuffee (Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church), Episcopal Church)
**Peter of Pappacarbone
**Blessed Zoltán Meszlényi
**March 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
*St Casimir's Day (Poland and Lithuania)
* World Obesity Day
References
External links
BBC: On This Day*
Historical Events on March 4
{{months
Days of the year
March