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1903
Events January * January 1 – Edward VII is proclaimed Emperor of India. * January 10 – The Aceh Sultanate was fully annexed by the Dutch forces, deposing the last sultan, marking the end of the Aceh War that have lasted for almost 30 years. * January 19 – The first west–east transatlantic radio broadcast is made from the United States to England (the first east–west broadcast having been made in 1901). February * February 13 – Venezuelan crisis: After agreeing to arbitration in Washington, the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy reach a settlement with Venezuela resulting in the Washington Protocols. The naval blockade that began in 1902 ends. * February 23 – Cuba leases Guantánamo Bay to the United States "in perpetuity". March * March 2 – In New York City, the Martha Washington Hotel, the first hotel exclusively for women, opens. * March 3 – The British Admiralty announces plans to build the Rosyth Dockyard as a naval ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martha Washington Hotel
The Martha Washington Hotel (later known as Hotel Thirty Thirty, Hotel Lola, King & Grove New York, and The Redbury New York) was a hotel at 30 East 30th Street (later 29 29th Street (Manhattan), East 29th Street) in the NoMad, Manhattan, NoMad neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Opened in 1903 and operated as a Women-only space, women-only hotel for 95 years, the 13-story structure was designed by Robert W. Gibson in the Renaissance Revival architecture, Renaissance Revival style for the Women's Hotel Company. The hotel's namesake, Martha Washington, was the first First Lady of the United States. It is a New York City designated landmark. The facade is largely made of brick and stone and contains classical design elements such as Bracket (architecture), brackets, dentils, ornate lintels, quoins, and Rustication (architecture), rustication. On both 29th and 30th Streets, the facade is divided vertically into seven Bay (architecture), bays and horizontally into a two-sto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sokoto Caliphate
The Sokoto Caliphate (, literally: Caliphate in the Lands of Sudan), also known as the Sultanate of Sokoto, was a Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslim caliphate in West Africa. It was founded by Usman dan Fodio in 1804 during the Fula jihads, Fulani jihads after defeating the Hausa Kingdoms in the Fulani War. The boundaries of the caliphate extended to parts of present-day Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria. By 1837, the Caliphate had a population of 10-20 million people, becoming the most populous empire in West Africa. It was dissolved when the British, French, and Germans conquered the area in 1903 and annexed it into the newly established Northern Nigeria Protectorate, Senegambia and Niger and Kamerun respectively. The caliphate emerged after the Hausa Kingdoms, Hausa King Yunfa attempted to assassinate Usman Dan Fodio in 1802. To escape persecution, Usman and his followers migrated towards Gudu in February 1804. Usman's followers pledged allegiance to Usman as the Amir al-Mu'mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aceh Sultanate
The Sultanate of Aceh, officially the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (; Jawoë: ), was a sultanate centered in the modern-day Indonesian province of Aceh. It was a major regional power in the 16th and 17th centuries, before experiencing a long period of decline. Its capital was Kutaraja, the present-day Banda Aceh. At its peak it was a formidable enemy of the Sultanate of Johor and Portuguese-controlled Malacca, both on the Malay Peninsula, as all three attempted to control the trade through the Strait of Malacca and the regional exports of pepper and tin with fluctuating success. In addition to its considerable military strength, the court of Aceh became a noted center of Islamic scholarship and trade. History Foundation, rise and trade development The sultanate was founded by Ali Mughayat Syah, who began campaigns to extend his control over northern Sumatra in 1520. His conquests included Deli, Pedir, and Pasai, and he attacked Aru. His son Alauddin al-Kahar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guantánamo Bay
Guantánamo Bay (, ) is a bay in Guantánamo Province at the southeastern end of Cuba. It is the largest harbor on the south side of the island and it is surrounded by steep hills which create an enclave that is cut off from its immediate hinterland. The United States assumed territorial control over the southern portion of Guantánamo Bay under the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base#Permanent lease, 1903 Lease. The United States exercises jurisdiction and control over this territory as the home of the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, while recognizing that Cuba retains ultimate sovereignty. Climate Guantánamo Bay has a hot semi-arid climate according to the Köppen climate classification, with high temperatures throughout the year. Rainfall is rather low, and it is one of the driest regions in Cuba. U.S. control of Guantánamo Bay The United States first seized Guantánamo Bay and established a naval base there in 1898 during the Spanish–American War in the Battle of Guantánamo Bay. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 14
Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots defeat the forces of the Catholic League under Charles, Duke of Mayenne, during the French Wars of Religion. 1601–1900 * 1647 – Thirty Years' War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm. * 1663 – According to his own account, Otto von Guericke completes his book ''Experimenta Nova (ut vocantur) Magdeburgica de Vacuo Spatio'', detailing his experiments on vacuum and his discovery of electrostatic repulsion. * 1674 – The Third Anglo-Dutch War: The Battle of Ronas Voe results in the Dutch East India Company ship ''Wapen van Rotterdam'' being captured with a death toll of up to 300 Dutch crew and soldiers. * 1757 – Admiral Sir John Byng is executed by firing squad aboard for brea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 12
Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. * 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Catholic Church. He is best known for initiating the Crusades. * 1158 – German city Munich (München) is first mentioned as ''forum apud Munichen'' in the Augsburg arbitration by Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich I. * 1579 – Start of the Siege of Maastricht, part of the Eighty Years' War. 1601–1900 * 1622 – Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier, founders of the Society of Jesus, are canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. * 1689 – James II of England landed at Kinsale, starting the Williamite War in Ireland. * 1811 – Peninsular War: A day after a successful rearguard action, French Marshal Michel Ney once again successfully delays the pursuing Anglo- Portuguese force at the Battle of Redinha. 1901� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 3
Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 – Mughal Emperor Akbar defeats Sultan of Bengal Daud Khan Karrani's army at the Battle of Tukaroi. * 1585 – The Olympic Theatre, designed by Andrea Palladio, is inaugurated in Vicenza. 1601–1900 * 1776 – American Revolutionary War: The first amphibious landing of the United States Marine Corps begins the Battle of Nassau. * 1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Continental Army is routed at the Battle of Brier Creek near Savannah, Georgia. * 1799 – The Russo-Ottoman siege of Corfu ends with the surrender of the French garrison. * 1845 – Florida is admitted as the 27th U.S. state. * 1849 – The Territory of Minnesota is created. * 1857 – Second Opium War: France and the United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1902
Events January * January 1 ** The Nurses Registration Act 1901 comes into effect in New Zealand, making it the first country in the world to require state registration of nurses. On January 10, Ellen Dougherty becomes the world's first registered nurse. ** Nathan Stubblefield demonstrates his wireless telephone device in the U.S. state of Kentucky. * January 8 – A train collision in the New York Central Railroad's Park Avenue Tunnel kills 17 people, injures 38, and leads to increased demand for electric trains and the banning of steam locomotives in New York City. * January 23 – Hakkōda Mountains incident: A snowstorm in the Hakkōda Mountains of northern Honshu, Japan, kills 199 during a military training exercise. * January 30 – The Anglo-Japanese Alliance is signed. February * February 12 – The 1st Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance takes place in Washington, D.C.. * February 15 – The Berlin U-Bahn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
February 23
Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a new Orthodox Christian basilica in Constantinople – the Hagia Sophia. * 628 – Khosrow II, last Sasanian shah of Iran, is overthrown. * 705 – Empress Wu Zetian abdicates the throne, restoring the Tang dynasty. * 1455 – Traditionally the date of publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western book printed with movable type. 1601–1900 * 1725 – J. S. Bach leads his '' Tafel-Music'' '' Shepherd Cantata'' for the birthday of Christian, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels. * 1763 – Berbice slave uprising in Guyana: The first major slave revolt in South America. *1778 – American Revolutionary War: Baron von Steuben arrives at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, to help train the Continental Army. * 1820 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January 19
Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to '' Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender after a forty-day siege led by Tang dynasty general Ashina She'er, establishing Tang control over the northern Tarim Basin in Xinjiang. * 1419 – Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England, completing his reconquest of Normandy. * 1511 – The Italian Duchy of Mirandola surrenders to the Pope. * 1520 – Sten Sture the Younger, the Regent of Sweden, is mortally wounded at the Battle of Bogesund and dies on February 3. 1601–1900 * 1607 – San Agustin Church in Manila is officially completed; it is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines. * 1639 – Hämeenlinna () is granted privileges after it separated from the Vanaja parish as its own city in Tavastia. * 1764 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Empire
The German Empire (),; ; World Book, Inc. ''The World Book dictionary, Volume 1''. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany. also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich; . from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the German revolution of 1918–1919, November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a Weimar Republic, republic. The German Empire consisted of States of the German Empire, 25 states, each with its own nobility: four constituent Monarchy, kingdoms, six Grand duchy, grand duchies, five Duchy, duchies (six before 1876), seven Principality, principalities, three Free imperial city, free Hanseatic League, Hanseatic City-state, cities, and Alsace–Lorraine, one imperial territory. While Prussia was one of four kingdoms in the realm, it contained about two-thirds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York City
New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive with a respective county. The city is the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the United States by both population and urban area. New York is a global center of finance and commerce, culture, technology, entertainment and media, academics, and scientific output, the arts and fashion, and, as home to the headquarters of the United Nations, international diplomacy. With an estimated population in 2024 of 8,478,072 distributed over , the city is the most densely populated major city in the United States. New York City has more than double the population of Los Angeles, the nation's second-most populous city. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
