A macrolanguage is a group of

mutually intelligible In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between different but related language varieties in which speakers of the different varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort. Mutual intellig ...

speech varieties, or

dialect continuum A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of Variety (linguistics), language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are Mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulat ...

, that have no traditional name in common, and which may be considered distinct languages by their speakers. Macrolanguages are used as a book-keeping mechanism for the

ISO 639 ISO 639 is a international standard, standard by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) concerned with representation of languages and language groups. It currently consists of four sets (1-3, 5) of code, named after each part w ...

international standard of language codes. Macrolanguages are established to assist mapping between different sets of ISO language codes. Specifically, there may be a many-to-one correspondence between

ISO 639-3 ISO 639-3:2007, ''Codes for the representation of names of languages – Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages'', is an international standard for language codes in the ISO 639 series. It defines three-letter codes for ...

, intended to identify all the thousands of languages of the world, and either of two other sets,

ISO 639-1 ISO 639-1:2002, ''Codes for the representation of names of languages—Part 1: Alpha-2 code'', is the first part of the ISO 639 series of international standards for language codes. Part 1 covers the registration of "set 1" two-letter codes. The ...

, established to identify languages in computer systems, and

ISO 639-2 ISO 639-2:1998, ''Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 2: Alpha-3 code'', is the second part of the ISO 639 International standard, standard, which lists Language code, codes for the representation of the names of languages ...

, which encodes a few hundred languages for library cataloguing and bibliographic purposes. When such many-to-one ISO 639-2 codes are included in an ISO 639-3 context, they are called "macrolanguages" to distinguish them from the corresponding individual languages of ISO 639-3. According to the ISO, ISO 639-3 is curated by

SIL International SIL Global (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics International) is an evangelical Christian nonprofit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document languages, especially those that are lesser-known, to expan ...

; ISO 639-2 is curated by the

Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C., serving as the library and research service for the United States Congress and the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It also administers Copyright law o ...

(USA). The mapping often has the implication that it covers borderline cases where two language varieties may be considered strongly divergent dialects of the same language or very closely related languages ( dialect continua); it may also encompass situations when there are language varieties that are considered to be varieties of the same language on the grounds of ethnic, cultural, and political considerations, rather than linguistic reasons. However, this is not its primary function and the classification is not evenly applied. For example, Chinese is a macrolanguage encompassing many languages that are not mutually intelligible, but the languages "

Standard German Standard High German (SHG), less precisely Standard German or High German (, , or, in Switzerland, ), is the umbrella term for the standard language, standardized varieties of the German language, which are used in formal contexts and for commun ...

", " Bavarian German", and other closely related languages do not form a macrolanguage, despite being more mutually intelligible. Other examples include

Tajiki Tajik, Tajik Persian, Tajiki Persian, also called Tajiki, is the variety of Persian language, Persian spoken in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan by ethnic Tajiks. It is closely related to neighbouring Dari of Afghanistan with which it forms a dialect co ...

not being part of the Persian macrolanguage despite sharing much lexicon, and

Urdu Urdu (; , , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the Languages of Pakistan, national language and ''lingua franca'' of Pakistan. In India, it is an Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of Indi ...

and

Hindi Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...

not forming a macrolanguage despite forming a mutually intelligible dialect continuum. All dialects of Hindi are considered separate languages. Basically, ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 use different criteria for dividing language varieties into languages, 639-2 uses shared writing systems and literature more whereas 639-3 focuses on mutual intelligibility and shared lexicon. The macrolanguages exist within the ISO 639-3 code set to make mapping between the two sets easier. The use of macrolanguages was applied in ''

Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It w ...

'', starting in the 16th edition. The most recent registered macrolanguage is

Sanskrit Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural ...

with code san, adopted in 15 December 2023, though it already existed as individual language for several years. , there are fifty-nine language codes in

that are counted as macrolanguages in ISO 639-3. Some of the macrolanguages had no individual language (as defined by 639-3) in ISO 639-2, e.g. "ara" (

Arabic Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ...

), but ISO 639-3 recognizes different varieties of Arabic as separate languages under some circumstances. Others, like "nor" ( Norwegian) had their two individual parts (nno

Nynorsk Nynorsk (; ) is one of the two official written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Bokmål. From 12 May 1885, it became the state-sanctioned version of Ivar Aasen's standard Norwegian language (''Landsmål''), parallel to the Da ...

, nob

Bokmål Bokmål () (, ; ) is one of the official written standards for the Norwegian language, alongside Nynorsk. Bokmål is by far the most used written form of Norwegian today, as it is adopted by 85% to 90% of the population in Norway. There is no cou ...

) already in 639-2. That means some languages (e.g. "arb"

Standard Arabic Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Modern Written Arabic (MWA) is the variety of standardized, literary Arabic that developed in the Arab world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and in some usages also the variety of spoken Arabic that ...

) that were considered by ISO 639-2 to be dialects of one language ("ara") are now in ISO 639-3 in certain contexts considered to be individual languages themselves. This is an attempt to deal with varieties that may be linguistically distinct from each other, but are treated by their speakers as forms of the same language, e.g. in cases of

diglossia In linguistics, diglossia ( , ) is where two dialects or languages are used (in fairly strict compartmentalization) by a single language community. In addition to the community's everyday or vernacular language variety (labeled "L" or "low" v ...

. For example, * Generic Arabic, 639-2 * Standard Arabic, 639-3 ISO 639-2 also includes codes for collections of languages; these are not the same as macrolanguages. These collections of languages are excluded from ISO 639-3, because they never refer to individual languages. Most such codes are included in

ISO 639-5 ISO 639-5:2008 "Codes for the representation of names of languages—Part 5: Alpha-3 code for language families and groups" is an international standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It was developed by ISO ...

Types of macrolanguages

* elements that have no ISO 639-2 code: 4 (bnc, hbs, kln, luy) * elements that have no ISO 639-1 code: 29 * elements that do have ISO 639-1 codes: 34 * elements whose individual languages have ISO 639-1 codes: 4 ** aka – tw ** hbs – bs, hr, sr ** msa – id ** nor – nb, nn

List of macrolanguages

This list only includes official data from SIL International.

List of macrolanguages and the individual languages

This is a complete list of the individual language codes that comprise the macrolanguages in the ISO 639-3 code tables .

aaa–ezz

aka

aka is the

language code A language code is a code that assigns letters or numbers as identifiers or classifiers for languages. These codes may be used to organize library collections or presentations of data, to choose the correct localizations and translations in comput ...

for Akan. Its

code is ak. There are two individual language codes assigned: *

fat In nutrition science, nutrition, biology, and chemistry, fat usually means any ester of fatty acids, or a mixture of such chemical compound, compounds, most commonly those that occur in living beings or in food. The term often refers specif ...

– Fanti * twi – Twi

ara

ara is the

for

. Its

code is ar. There are twenty-eight individual language codes assigned: * aao –

Algerian Saharan Arabic Algerian Saharan Arabic (also known as Saharan Arabic, Tamanrasset Arabic, Tamanghasset Arabic) is a variety of Arabic indigenous to and spoken predominantly in the Algerian Sahara. Its ISO 639-3 language code is "aao," and it belongs to Maghreb ...

* abh – Tajiki Arabic * abv – Baharna Arabic * acm –

Mesopotamian Arabic Mesopotamian Arabic (), also known as Iraqi Arabic or the Iraqi dialect (), or just as Iraqi (), is a group of varieties of Arabic spoken in the Mesopotamian basin of Iraq, as well as in Syria, southeastern Turkey, Iran, Kuwait and Iraqi diaspora ...

* acq – Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic * acw – Hijazi Arabic * acx – Omani Arabic * acy –

Cypriot Arabic Cypriot Arabic (, ), also known as Cypriot Maronite Arabic or Sanna (, ), is a moribund variety of Arabic spoken by the Maronite community of Cyprus. Formerly speakers were mostly situated in Kormakitis, but following the Turkish invasion of C ...

* adf – Dhofari Arabic * aeb –

Tunisian Arabic Tunisian Arabic, or simply Tunisian (), is a Varieties of Arabic, variety of Arabic spoken in Tunisia. It is known among its 13 million speakers as ''Tūnsi'', "Tunisian" or ''Maghrebi Arabic, Derja'' (; meaning "common or everyday dialect") t ...

* aec – Saidi Arabic * afb –

Gulf Arabic Gulf Arabic or Khaleeji ( ' local pronunciation: or ', local pronunciation: ) is a variety of the Arabic language spoken in Eastern Arabia around the coasts of the Persian Gulf in Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, southern Iraq, ...

* apc –

Levantine Arabic Levantine Arabic, also called Shami (Endonym and exonym, autonym: or ), is an Varieties of Arabic, Arabic variety spoken in the Levant, namely in Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel and southern Turkey (historically only in Adana Prov ...

* apd –

Sudanese Arabic Sudanese Arabic, also referred to as the Sudanese dialect (, ), Colloquial Sudanese ( ) or locally as Common Sudanese ( ) refers to the various related varieties of Arabic spoken in Sudan as well as parts of Egypt, Eritrea and Ethiopia. Sudanese ...

* arb –

* arq –

Algerian Arabic Algerian Arabic (, romanized: ), natively known as , or , is a variety of Arabic spoken in Algeria. It belongs to the Maghrebi Arabic dialect continuum and is mostly intelligible with the Tunisian and Moroccan dialects. Darja () means "eve ...

* ars –

Najdi Arabic Najdi Arabic (, Najdi Arabic: , ) is the group of Arabic varieties originating from the Najd region of Saudi Arabia. Outside of Saudi Arabia, it is also the main Arabic variety spoken in the Syrian Desert of Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (with the exc ...

* ary –

Moroccan Arabic Moroccan Arabic ( ), also known as Darija ( or ), is the dialectal, vernacular form or forms of Arabic spoken in Morocco. It is part of the Maghrebi Arabic dialect continuum and as such is mutually intelligible to some extent with Algerian ...

* arz –

Egyptian Arabic Egyptian Arabic, locally known as Colloquial Egyptian, or simply as Masri, is the most widely spoken vernacular Arabic variety in Egypt. It is part of the Afro-Asiatic language family, and originated in the Nile Delta in Lower Egypt. The esti ...

* auz –

Uzbeki Arabic Central Asian Arabic or Jugari Arabic () refers to a set of four closely-related varieties of Arabic currently facing extinction and spoken predominantly by Arab communities living in portions of Central Asia. These varieties are Bactrian (or ...

* avl – Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic * ayh – Hadrami Arabic * ayl –

Libyan Arabic Libyan Arabic (), also called Sulaimitian Arabic by scholars, is a variety of Arabic spoken in Libya, and neighboring countries. It can be divided into two major dialect areas: the eastern centred in Benghazi and Bayda, and the western centre ...

* ayn – Sanaani Arabic * ayp –

North Mesopotamian Arabic North Mesopotamian Arabic, also known as Moslawi (meaning 'of Mosul Mosul ( ; , , ; ; ; ) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate. It is the second largest city in Iraq overall after the capital Baghda ...

* pga – Sudanese Creole Arabic * shu –

Chadian Arabic Chadian Arabic (), also known as Shuwa Arabic, Western Sudanic Arabic, or West Sudanic Arabic (WSA), is a variety of Arabic and the first language of 1.9 million people in Chad, both town dwellers and Baggara, nomadic cattle herders. Most of its ...

* ssh – Shihhi Arabic The following codes were previously part of : * ajp –

South Levantine Arabic South Levantine Arabic (, South Levantine: ) was defined in the ISO 639-3 international standard for language codes as a distinct Arabic variety, under the ajp code. It was reported by ''Ethnologue'' as being spoken in the Southern Levant: Palesti ...

(merged with (formerly for the North one) to be a single Levantine Arabic) * bbz – Babalia Creole Arabic (Non-existent; Code retired 23 January 2020)

aym

aym is the

for Aymara. Its

code is ay. There are two individual language codes assigned: * ayc – Southern Aymara * ayr – Central Aymara

aze

aze is the

for Azerbaijani. Its

code is az. There are two individual language codes assigned: * azb – South Azerbaijani * azj – North Azerbaijani

bal

bal is the

for Baluchi. There are three individual language codes assigned: * bcc – Southern Balochi * bgn – Western Balochi *

bgp Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous system (Internet), autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. BGP is classified as a path-vect ...

– Eastern Balochi

bik

bik is the

for Bikol. There are eight individual language codes assigned: * bcl – Central Bikol * bln – Southern Catanduanes Bikol * bto –

Rinconada Bikol Rinconada Bikol or simply Rinconada, spoken in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines, is one of several languages that compose the Inland Bikol (or Southern Bicol) group of the Bikol languages, Bikol macrolanguage. It belongs to the Austr ...

* cts – Northern Catanduanes Bikol * fbl – West Albay Bikol * lbl – Libon Bikol * rbl – Miraya Bikol * ubl – Buhi'non Bikol The following code was previously part of bik: * bhk – Albay Bicolano (Split into Buhi'non Bikol bl Libon Bikol bl Miraya Bikol bl and West Albay Bikol blon 18 January 2010)

bnc

bnc is the

for Bontok. There are five individual language codes assigned: * ebk – Eastern Bontok * lbk – Central Bontok * obk – Southern Bontok * rbk – Northern Bontok * vbk – Southwestern Bontok

bua

bua is the

for Buriat. There are three individual language codes assigned: * bxm – Mongolia Buriat * bxr – Russia Buriat * bxu – China Buriat

chm

chm is the

for Mari, a language located in

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

. There are two individual language codes assigned: * mhr – Eastern Mari * mrj – Western Mari

cre

cre is the

for

Cree The Cree, or nehinaw (, ), are a Indigenous peoples of the Americas, North American Indigenous people, numbering more than 350,000 in Canada, where they form one of the country's largest First Nations in Canada, First Nations. They live prim ...

. Its

code is cr. There are six individual language codes assigned: * crj – Southern East Cree * crk – Plains Cree * crl – Northern East Cree * crm – Moose Cree * csw –

Swampy Cree The Swampy Cree people, also known by their Exonym and endonym, autonyms ''Néhinaw'', ''Maskiki Wi Iniwak'', ''Mushkekowuk,'' ''Maškékowak, Maskegon'' or ''Maskekon'' (and therefore also ''Muskegon'' and ''Muskegoes'') or by exonyms includin ...

* cwd – Woods Cree In addition, there are six closely associated individual codes: * nsk –

Naskapi The Naskapi (Nascapi, Naskapee, Nascapee) are an Indigenous people of the Subarctic native to the historical region St'aschinuw (ᒋᑦ ᐊᔅᒋᓄᐤ, meaning 'our Clusivity, nclusiveland'), which was located in present day northern Qu ...

(part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation) * moe – Montagnais (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation) * atj –

Atikamekw The Atikamekw are an Indigenous people in Canada. Their historic territory, ('Our Land'), is in the upper Saint-Maurice River valley of Quebec (about north of Montreal). One of the main communities is Manawan, about northeast of Montreal. ...

(part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation) * crg –

Michif language Michif (also Mitchif, Mechif, Michif-Cree, Métif, Métchif, French Cree) is one of the languages of the Métis people of Canada and the United States, who are the descendants of First Nations (mainly Cree, Nakota, and Ojibwe) and fur trade wo ...

(

- French mixed language with strong influences from Ojibwe language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation) * ojs – Ojibwa, Severn (Ojibwa, Northern) (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation) * ojw – Ojibwa, Western (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation) In addition, there is one other language without individual codes closely associated, but not part of, this macrolanguage code: *

Bungee language Bungi (also called Bungee, Bungie, Bungay, Bangay, or the Red River Dialect) is a dialect of English with substratal influence from Scottish English, the Orcadian dialect of Scots, Norn, Scottish Gaelic, French, Cree, and Western Ojibwe. ...

(mixed language of

, Ojibwa, French, English, Assiniboine and

Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic (, ; Endonym and exonym, endonym: ), also known as Scots Gaelic or simply Gaelic, is a Celtic language native to the Gaels of Scotland. As a member of the Goidelic language, Goidelic branch of Celtic, Scottish Gaelic, alongs ...

)

del

del Del, or nabla, is an operator used in mathematics (particularly in vector calculus) as a vector differential operator, usually represented by the nabla symbol ∇. When applied to a function defined on a one-dimensional domain, it denotes ...

is the

for

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic states, South Atlantic regions of the United States. It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey ...

. There are two individual language codes assigned: * umu –

Munsee The Munsee () are a subtribe and one of the three divisions of the Lenape. Historically, they lived along the upper portion of the Delaware River, the Minisink, and the adjacent country in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. They were prom ...

* unm – Unami

den

den is the

for

Slave Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. Enslavemen ...

. There are two individual language codes assigned: * scs – North Slavey *

xsl In computing, the term Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) is used to refer to a family of languages used to transform and render XML documents (e.g., XSL is used to determine how to display a XML document as a webpage). Historically, the W3C XS ...

– South Slavey

din

din DIN or Din or din may refer to: People and language * Din (name), people with the name * Dīn, an Arabic word with three general senses: judgment, custom, and religion from which the name originates * Dinka language (ISO 639 code: din), spoken ...

is the

for

Dinka The Dinka people () are a Nilotic ethnic group native to South Sudan. The Dinka mostly live along the Nile, from Mangalla-Bor to Renk, in the region of Bahr el Ghazal, Upper Nile (two out of three provinces that were formerly part of southern ...

. There are five individual language codes assigned: * dib – South Central Dinka * dik – Southwestern Dinka * dip – Northeastern Dinka * diw – Northwestern Dinka * dks – Southeastern Dinka

doi

doi is the

for Dogri. There are two individual language codes assigned: * dgo – Dogri (individual language) * xnr – Kangri

est

est is the

for

Estonian Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also

...

. Its

code is et. There are two individual language codes assigned: * ekk – Standard Estonian * vro – Võro

faa–jzz

fas

fas is the

for Persian. Its

code is fa. There are two individual language codes assigned: * pes –

Iranian Persian Iranian Persian (), Western Persian or Western Farsi, natively simply known as Persian (), refers to the Variety (linguistics), varieties of the New Persian, Persian language spoken in Iran and by others in neighboring countries, as well as by ...

* prs –

Dari Dari (; endonym: ), Dari Persian (, , or , ), or Eastern Persian is the variety of the Persian language spoken in Afghanistan. Dari is the Afghan government's official term for the Persian language;Lazard, G.Darī – The New Persian ...

ful

ful is the

and

for Fulah (also spelled Fula). Its

code is ff. There are nine individual language codes assigned for varieties of Fulah: * ffm – Maasina Fulfulde * fub –

Adamawa Fulfulde Adamawa Fulfulde is a variety of the Fula language. It is spoken mainly in Cameroon but also by significant communities residing in Nigeria, Chad, and Sudan by Fulani pastoralists across the Sahel. It is also known as Eastern Fulfulde and by vari ...

* fuc –

Pulaar Pulaar (in Latin script, Latin: , in Ajami script, Ajami: ), often referred to as Pulaar du Nord, is dialect of the Fula language spoken primarily as a first language by the Fula people, Fula and Toucouleur peoples in the Senegal River valley ar ...

* fue – Borgu Fulfulde * fuf – Pular * fuh –

Western Niger Fulfulde Western Niger Fulfulde, also known as Gorgal Niiser Fulfulde ( Ajami: ) is a variety of the Fula language, spoken mainly in Niger, and Burkina Faso, as well as by a small number of speakers in Benin Benin, officially the Republic of Benin, is ...

* fui –

Bagirmi Fulfulde Bagirmi Fulfulde also known as Baghirmi Peul or Bagirmi Fula is a variety of the Fula language spoken primarily in the Chari-Baguirmi region of Chad as well as in the Central African Republic. Bagirmi Fulfulde, like other Fula varieties, has a co ...

* fuq –

Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde, also known as Lettugal Niiser Fulfulde ( Ajami: ) is a variety of the Fula language, a Niger–Congo language predominantly spoken in the Central and Eastern regions of Niger, particularly among the Fulani people ...

* fuv –

Nigerian Fulfulde Nigerian Fulfulde, also known as Hausa States Fulfulde, Fula, or Fulani is a variety of the Fula language spoken by the Fulani people in Nigeria, particularly in the Northern region of Nigeria. It belongs to the West Atlantic branch of the Nig ...

gba

gba is the

for Gbaya located in the

Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to Central African Republic–Chad border, the north, Sudan to Central African Republic–Sudan border, the northeast, South Sudan to Central ...

. There are six individual language codes assigned: * bdt – Bokoto *

gbp Sterling (symbol: £; currency code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories. The pound is the main unit of sterling, and the word '' pound'' is also used to refer to the British currency general ...

– Gbaya-Bossangoa * gbq – Gbaya-Bozoum * gmm – Gbaya-Mbodomo * gso – Southwest Gbaya *

gya Gya or GYA may refer to: * Gya (unit), symbol for ''gigayears ago'', a unit of time equal to one billion (short-scale, i.e. 1,000,000,000) years before present. * Gya, symbol for the gray, a unit of radiation exposure, equal to 100 roentgen * Gy ...

– Northwest Gbaya The following code was previously part of gba: * mdo – Southwest Gbaya (Split into Southwest Gbaya so(new identifier) and Gbaya-Mbodomo mmon 14 January 2008)

gon

gon is the

for Gondi. There are three individual language codes assigned: * esg – Aheri Gondi * gno – Northern Gondi * wsg – Adilabad Gondi The following code was previously part of gon: * ggo – Southern Gondi (Split into sgAheri Gondi and sgAdilabad Gondi on 15 January 2016)

grb

grb is the

for Grebo. There are five individual language codes assigned: * gbo – Northern Grebo * gec – Gboloo Grebo * grj – Southern Grebo * grv – Central Grebo * gry – Barclayville Grebo

grn

grn is the

for Guarani. Its

code is gn. There are five individual language codes assigned: * gnw – Western Bolivian Guaraní * gug –

Paraguayan Guaraní The guaraní (, plural: ''guaraníes''; currency sign, sign: ₲; ISO 4217, code: PYG) is the national currency unit of Paraguay. The guaraní is divided into 100 céntimos but, because of inflation, céntimos coins are no longer in use. The ...

* gui – Eastern Bolivian Guaraní *

gun A gun is a device that Propulsion, propels a projectile using pressure or explosive force. The projectiles are typically solid, but can also be pressurized liquid (e.g. in water guns or water cannon, cannons), or gas (e.g. light-gas gun). So ...

– Mbyá Guaraní * nhd – Chiripá

hai

hai is the

for Haida. There are two individual language codes assigned: * hax – Southern Haida * hdn – Northern Haida

hbs

hbs is the

for

Serbo-Croatian Serbo-Croatian ( / ), also known as Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS), is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. It is a pluricentric language with four mutually i ...

. It formerly had an ISO 639-1 code sh but deprecated in 2000. There are four individual language codes assigned: * bos – Bosnian * cnr – Montenegrin * hrv – Croatian * srp – Serbian

hmn

hmn is the

for Hmong. There are twenty-five individual language codes assigned: *

cqd CQD (transmitted in Morse code as ) is one of the first distress signals adopted for radio use. On 7 January 1904 the Marconi International Marine Communication Company issued "Circular 57", which specified that, for the company's in ...

– Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao * hea – Northern Qiandong Miao * hma – Southern Mashan Hmong * hmc – Central Huishui Hmong * hmd – Large Flowery Miao * hme – Eastern Huishui Hmong * hmg – Southwestern Guiyang Hmong * hmh – Southwestern Huishui Hmong * hmi – Northern Huishui Hmong * hmj – Ge * hml – Luopohe Hmong * hmm – Central Mashan Hmong * hmp – Northern Mashan Hmong * hmq – Eastern Qiandong Miao * hms – Southern Qiandong Miao * hmw – Western Mashan Hmong * hmy – Southern Guiyang Hmong * hmz –

Hmong Shua Hmong or Mong ( ; RPA: , CHV: ''Hmôngz'', Nyiakeng Puachue: , Pahawh: , ) is a dialect continuum of the West Hmongic branch of the Hmongic languages spoken by the Hmong people of Southwestern China, northern Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos. T ...

* hnj – Hmong Njua * hrm – Horned Miao * huj – Northern Guiyang Hmong * mmr – Western Xiangxi Miao * muq – Eastern Xiangxi Miao * mww – Hmong Daw * sfm –

Small Flowery Miao Gha-Mu, often translated as Small Flowery Miao (), is a Miao language of China spoken by the Gha-Mu people. It is closely related to the Hmong dialects of China and Laos; both Gha-Mu and Hmong are members of the ''Chuanqiandian'' cluster of W ...

The following code was previously part of hmn: * blu – Hmong Njua (Split into Hmong Njua nj(new identifier), Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao qd Horned Miao rm and Small Flowery Miao fmon 14 January 2008)

iku

iku is the

for

Inuktitut Inuktitut ( ; , Inuktitut syllabics, syllabics ), also known as Eastern Canadian Inuktitut, is one of the principal Inuit languages of Canada. It is spoken in all areas north of the North American tree line, including parts of the provinces of ...

. Its

code is iu. There are two individual language codes assigned: * ike – Eastern Canadian Inuktitut * ikt –

Inuinnaqtun Inuinnaqtun (, ; natively meaning 'like the real human beings/peoples') is an Inuit language. It is spoken in the central Canadian Arctic. It is related very closely to Inuktitut, and some scholars, such as Richard Condon, believe that Inuinna ...

ipk

ipk is the

for Inupiaq. Its

code is ik. There are two individual language codes assigned: * esi – North Alaskan Inupiatun * esk – Northwest Alaska Inupiatun

jrb

jrb is the

for

Judeo-Arabic Judeo-Arabic (; ; ) sometimes referred as Sharh, are a group of different ethnolects within the branches of the Arabic language used by jewish communities. Although Jewish use of Arabic, which predates Islam, has been in some ways distinct ...

. There are four individual language codes assigned: * aju –

Judeo-Moroccan Arabic Judeo-Moroccan Arabic is the variety or the varieties of the Moroccan vernacular Arabic spoken by Moroccan Jews living or formerly living in Morocco. Historically, the majority of Moroccan Jews spoke Moroccan vernacular Arabic, or ''Darija'', ...

* jye –

Judeo-Yemeni Arabic Judeo-Yemeni Arabic (also known as Judeo-Yemeni and Yemenite Judeo-Arabic) is a variety of Arabic spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Yemen. The language is quite different from mainstream Yemeni Arabic, and is written in the Hebrew alph ...

* yhd – Judeo-Iraqi Arabic * yud –

Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic (also known as Tripolitanian Judeo-Arabic, Jewish Tripolitanian–Libyan Arabic, Tripolita'it, Yudi) is a variety of Arabic spoken by Jews formerly living in Libya. Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic differs from standard ...

The following code was previously part of jrb: * ajt – Judeo-Tunisian Arabic (Moved to Tunisian Arabic ebon 20 January 2022)

kaa–ozz

kau

kau is the

and

for the Kanuri. Its

code is kr. There are three individual language codes assigned in ISO 639-3 for varieties of Kanuri: * kby – Manga Kanuri * knc – Central Kanuri * krt – Tumari Kanuri There are two other related languages that are ''not'' considered part of the macrolanguage under ISO 639: * bms – Bilma Kanuri * kbl – Kanembu

kln

kln is the

for Kalenjin. There are nine individual language codes assigned: * enb – Markweeta * eyo – Keiyo * niq – Nandi * oki – Okiek * pko – Pökoot * sgc – Kipsigis * spy – Sabaot * tec – Terik * tuy – Tugen

kok

kok is the

for Konkani (macrolanguage). There are two individual language codes assigned: * gom –

Goan Konkani Konkani, (Devanagari: , Konkani in the Roman script, Romi: , Kannada script, Kannada: , Koleluttu: , Nastaliq: ; IAST: , ) formerly Concani or Concanese, is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Konkani people, primarily i ...

* knn – Konkani (individual language) Both languages are referred to as Konkani by their respective speakers.

kom

kom is the

for Komi. Its

code is kv. There are two individual language codes assigned: * koi – Komi-Permyak * kpv – Komi-Zyrian

kon

kon is the

for Kongo. Its

code is kg. There are three individual language codes assigned: * kng – Koongo * kwy – San Salvador Kongo * ldi – Laari

kpe

kpe is the

for Kpelle. There are two individual language codes assigned: * gkp – Guinea Kpelle * xpe – Liberia Kpelle

kur

kur The ancient Mesopotamian underworld (known in Sumerian language, Sumerian as ''Kur'', ''Irkalla'', ''Kukku'', ''Arali'', or ''Kigal'', and in Akkadian language, Akkadian as ''Erṣetu''), was the lowermost part of the Ancient near eastern cosmol ...

is the

for Kurdish. Its

code is ku. There are three individual language codes assigned: * ckb –

Central Kurdish Central Kurdish, also known as Sorani Kurdish, is a Kurdish language, Kurdish dialect or a language spoken in Iraq, mainly in Iraqi Kurdistan, as well as the provinces of Kurdistan Province, Kurdistan, Kermanshah province, Kermanshah, and West A ...

* kmr – Northern Kurdish * sdh –

Southern Kurdish Southern Kurdish () is one of the dialects of the Kurdish language, spoken predominantly in northeastern Iraq and western Iran. The Southern Kurdish-speaking region spans from Khanaqin in Iraq to Dehloran southward and Asadabad eastward in ...

lah

lah is the

for

Lahnda Lahnda (; , ), also known as Lahndi (Lahanda, Lahinda) or Western Punjabi, is a group of north-western Indo-Aryan language varieties spoken in parts of Pakistan and India. It is defined in the ISO 639 standard as a " macrolanguage" or as a "s ...

. There are seven individual language codes assigned. * hnd – Southern Hindko * hno – Northern Hindko * jat – Jakati * phr – Pahari-Potwari * pnb – Western Panjabi * skr – Saraiki * xhe – Khetrani lah does ''not'' include Panjabi/Punjabi (pan). The following code was previously part of lah: * pmu – Mirpur Panjabi (Moved to code "phr" on 12 January 2015)

lav

lav is the ISO 639-3 language code for Latvian. Its ISO 639-1 code is lv. There are two individual language codes assigned: * ltg – Latgalian * lvs – Standard Latvian

luy

luy is the

for Luyia. There are fourteen individual language codes assigned: * bxk – Bukusu * ida – Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki * lkb – Kabras * lko – Khayo * lks – Kisa * lri – Marachi * lrm – Marama * lsm – Saamia * lto – Tsotso * lts – Tachoni * lwg –

Wanga The Wanga kingdom is a traditional Realm, kingdom within Kenya, consisting of the Wanga (Abawanga) tribe of the Luhya people (Abaluyia). At its peak the kingdom covered an expansive area from Jinja, Uganda, Jinja in west to Naivasha in the East ...

* nle – East Nyala * nyd – Nyore * rag – Logooli

man

man A man is an adult male human. Before adulthood, a male child or adolescent is referred to as a boy. Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the f ...

is the

for Mandingo. There are six individual language codes assigned: * emk – Eastern Maninkakan * mku – Konyanka Maninka * mlq – Western Maninkakan * mnk – Mandinka * msc – Sankaran Maninka * mwk – Kita Maninkakan The following codes were previously part of man: * myq – Forest Maninka (Non-existent; Code retired 23 January 2013)

mlg

mlg is the

for Malagasy. Its

code is mg. There are eleven individual language codes assigned: * bhr – Bara Malagasy * bmm – Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy * bzc – Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy * msh – Masikoro Malagasy * plt – Plateau Malagasy * skg –

Sakalava Malagasy Malagasy ( ; ; Sorabe: ) is an Austronesian language and dialect continuum spoken in Madagascar. The standard variety, called Official Malagasy, is one of the official languages of Madagascar, alongside French. Malagasy is the westernmost Aus ...

* tdx – Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy * tkg – Tesaka Malagasy * txy – Tanosy Malagasy * xmv – Antankarana Malagasy * xmw – Tsimihety Malagasy The following codes were previously part of mlg: * bjq – Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy (Split into Southern Betsimisaraka zcand Tesaka Malagasy kgon 18 May 2011)

mon

mon is the

for Mongolian. Its

code is mn. There are two individual language codes assigned: * khk – Halh Mongolian * mvf – Peripheral Mongolian

msa

msa is the

for Malay (macrolanguage). Its

code is ms. There are thirty-six individual language codes assigned: * bjn – Banjar * btj – Bacanese Malay * bve – Berau Malay * bvu – Bukit Malay * coa – Cocos Islands Malay * dup – Duano * hji –

Haji Hajji (; sometimes spelled Hajjeh, Hadji, Haji, Alhaji, Al-Hadj, Al-Haj or El-Hajj) is an honorific title which is given to a Muslim who has successfully completed the Hajj to Mecca. Etymology ''Hajji'' is derived from the Arabic ' (), which ...

ind Ind or IND may refer to: General * Independent (politician), a politician not affiliated to any political party * Independent station, used within television program listings and the television industry for a station that is not affiliated with ...

– Indonesian * jak – Jakun * jax –

Jambi Malay Jambi Malay (''bahaso Jambi'' or ''baso Jambi'', Jawi: بهاس جمبي), is a Malayic language primarily spoken by the Jambi Malay people in Jambi, Indonesia, but also spoken by migrants who have settled in Jambi. Jambi Malay is considered as ...

* kvb – Kubu * kvr – Kerinci * kxd –

Brunei Brunei, officially Brunei Darussalam, is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. Apart from its coastline on the South China Sea, it is completely surrounded by the Malaysian state of Sarawak, with ...

* lce – Loncong * lcf – Lubu * liw – Col *

max Max or MAX may refer to: Animals * Max (American dog) (1983–2013), at one time purported to be the world's oldest living dog * Max (British dog), the first pet dog to win the PDSA Order of Merit (animal equivalent of the OBE) * Max (gorilla) ...

– North Moluccan Malay * meo –

Kedah Malay Kedah Malay or Kedahan (; also known as ''Pelat Utara'' or ''Loghat Utara'' 'Northern Dialect') or as it is known in Thailand, Syburi Malay ( ''Phasa Malāyū Saiburī'') is a Malayic language mainly spoken in the northwestern Malaysian state ...

* mfa –

Pattani Malay Pattani (or Patani in Malay spelling) may refer to: Places Continental Asia * Patani (historical region) Patani Darussalam (Malay language, Malay: ''Kesultanan Patani Darussalam'', Jawi script, Jawi: كسلطانن ڤطاني دارالسل� ...

* mfb – Bangka * min – Minangkabau * mqg – Kota Bangun Kutai Malay * msi –

Sabah Malay In addition to its classical and modern literary form, Malay had various regional dialects established after the rise of the Srivijaya empire in Sumatra, Indonesia. Also, Malay spread through interethnic contact and trade across the south Eas ...

* mui – Musi * orn –

Orang Kanaq Orang Kanaq are one of the 18 Orang Asli ethnic groups in Malaysia. They are classified under the Proto-Malay people group, which forms the three major people group of the Orang Asli. The Orang Kanaq are considered as the smallest Orang Asli grou ...

* ors –

Orang Seletar Orang Seletar (also known as Selitar or Slitar) are one of the 18 Orang Asli ethnic groups in Malaysia. They are classified under the Proto-Malay people group, which forms the three major people group of the Orang Asli. The Orang Seletar are als ...

* pel – Pekal * pse – Central Malay * tmw – Temuan * urk – Urak Lawoi' * vkk –

Kaur Kaur ( urmukhi/ hahmukhi ), sometimes spelled as Kour, is a surname or a part of a personal name primarily used by the Sikhism, Sikh and some Hindu women of the Punjab region. It is also sometimes translated as 'lioness', not because ...

* vkt – Tenggarong Kutai Malay * xmm –

Manado Malay Manado Malay, Manadonese or simply the Manado language, is a creole language spoken in Manado, the capital of North Sulawesi province in Indonesia, and the surrounding area. The local name of the language is , and the name Minahasa Malay is also ...

* zlm – Malay (individual language) * zmi –

Negeri Sembilan Malay Negeri Sembilan Malay ( or ; ; Jawi: بهاس ملايو نڬري سمبيلن) is an Austronesian language spoken mainly in the Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan, including parts of Hulu Langat District in southeastern Selangor, Alor Gajah ...

* zsm – Standard Malay The following code was previously part of msa: * mly – Malay (individual language) (Split into Standard Malay sm Haji ji Papuan Malay my and Malay lmon 18 February 2008) In addition, there is an individual code ''not'' part of this macrolanguage because it is categorized as a

historical language Historical languages (also known as historic languages) are languages that were spoken in a historical period, but that are distinct from their modern form; that is, they are forms of languages historically attested to from the past which have evo ...

: * omy –

Old Malay Malay language, Malay was first used in the first millennia known as Old Malay, a part of the Austronesian languages, Austronesian language family. Over a period of two Millennium, millennia, Malay has undergone various stages of development th ...

mwr

mwr is the

for Marwari. There are six individual language codes assigned: * dhd – Dhundari *

mtr The Mass Transit Railway system, known locally by the initialism MTR, is a rapid transit system in Hong Kong and the territory's principal mode of Rail transport in Hong Kong, railway transportation. Operated by the MTR Corporation (MTRCL), ...

– Mewari * mve – Marwari (Pakistan) * rwr – Marwari (India) * swv –

Shekhawati Shekhawati is a region in the northern part of the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Rajasthan, comprising the districts of Sikar, Jhunjhunu, and Churu district, Churu. The language of this region is also called Shekhawat ...

* wry – Merwari

nep

nep is the ISO 639-3 language code for Nepali (macrolanguage). Its

code is ne. There are two individual language codes assigned: * dty – Dotyali * npi – Nepali (individual language)

nor

nor is the

for Norwegian. Its

code is no. There are two individual language codes assigned: * nno – Norwegian Nynorsk * nob – Norwegian Bokmål

oji

oji is the

for

Ojibwa The Ojibwe (; syll.: ᐅᒋᐺ; plural: ''Ojibweg'' ᐅᒋᐺᒃ) are an Anishinaabe people whose homeland (''Ojibwewaki'' ᐅᒋᐺᐘᑭ) covers much of the Great Lakes region and the northern plains, extending into the subarctic and thro ...

. Its

code is oj. There are seven individual language codes assigned: * ciw – Chippewa * ojb –

Northwestern Ojibwa Northwestern Ojibwe (also known as Northern Ojibwa, Ojibway, Ojibwe) is a dialect of the Ojibwe language, spoken in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinc ...

* ojc – Central Ojibwa * ojg – Eastern Ojibwa * ojs – Severn Ojibwa * ojw – Western Ojibwa * otw –

Ottawa Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It is located in the southern Ontario, southern portion of the province of Ontario, at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the cor ...

In addition, there are three closely associated individual codes: * alq –

Algonquin language Algonquin (also spelled Algonkin; in Algonquin: or ) is either a distinct Algonquian languages, Algonquian language closely related to the Ojibwe language or a particularly divergent Ojibwe language dialects, Ojibwe dialect. It is spoken, alon ...

(part of the Ojibwe language group but not included under the oji macrolanguage designation) * pot –

Potawatomi language Potawatomi (, also spelled Pottawatomie; in Potawatomi , , or ) is a Central Algonquian languages, Central Algonquian languages, Algonquian language. It was historically spoken by the Potawatomi, Pottawatomi people who lived around the Great Lake ...

(formerly part of the Ojibwe language group and not included under the oji macrolanguage designation) * crg –

(

- French mixed language with strong influences from Ojibwe language group and not included under the oji macrolanguage designation) In addition, there are two other languages without individual codes closely associated, but not part of, this macrolanguage code: * Broken Ojibwa (pidgin language used until the end of the 19th century) *

(mixed language of

, Ojibwa, French, English, Assiniboine and

)

ori

ori is the ISO 639-3 language code for Oriya (macrolanguage). Its ISO 639-1 code is or. There are two individual language codes assigned: * ory – Odia * spv – Sambalpuri

orm

orm is the

for Oromo. Its

code is om. There are four individual language codes assigned: * gax – Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo *

gaz Gaz may refer to: Geography *Gaz, Kyrgyzstan Iran * Gaz, Darmian, village in South Khorasan province * Gaz, Golestan, a village in Bandar-e Gaz County * Gaz, Hormozgan, a village in Minab County * Gaz, Kerman, a village * Gaz, North Khorasan, a ...

– West Central Oromo * hae – Eastern Oromo *

orc An orc (sometimes spelt ork; ), in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy fiction, is a race of humanoid monsters, which he also calls "goblin". In Tolkien's ''The Lord of the Rings'', orcs appear as a brutish, aggressive, ugly, and malevol ...

– Orma

paa–zzz

pus

pus Pus is an exudate, typically white-yellow, yellow, or yellow-brown, formed at the site of inflammation during infections, regardless of cause. An accumulation of pus in an enclosed tissue space is known as an abscess, whereas a visible collect ...

is the

for

Pashto Pashto ( , ; , ) is an eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family, natively spoken in northwestern Pakistan and southern and eastern Afghanistan. It has official status in Afghanistan and the Pakistani province of Khyb ...

. Its

code is ps. There are three individual language codes assigned: * pbt –

Southern Pashto Southern Pashto () is a standard variety of the Pashto language spoken in southeastern Afghanistan, and northern parts of the Pakistani province of Balochistan, comprising the Southwestern and Southeastern dialects of Pashto. South Western Kan ...

* pbu –

Northern Pashto Northern Pashto () is a standard variety of the Pashto language spoken in the northern and central parts of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and central-eastern Afghanistan, comprising the Northwestern and Northeastern dialects of P ...

* pst –

Central Pashto Central Pashto () is a standard variety of the Pashto language, spoken in parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan. They are the middle dialects of Mangal, Zadran, Mahsudi and Waziri. These dialects are affected by what Ibrahim Khan terms as "the Gre ...

que

que is the

for Quechua. Its

code is qu. There are forty-three individual language codes assigned: * qub – Huallaga Huánuco Quechua * qud – Calderón Highland Quichua * quf – Lambayeque Quechua * qug – Chimborazo Highland Quichua * quh –

South Bolivian Quechua South Bolivian Quechua, also known as Central Bolivian Quechua, is a dialect of Southern Quechua spoken in Bolivia and adjacent areas of Argentina, where it is also known as ''Colla''. It is not to be confused with North Bolivian Quechua, which i ...

* quk – Chachapoyas Quechua * qul – North Bolivian Quechua * qup – Southern Pastaza Quechua * iso639-3:qur, qur – Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua * iso639-3:qus, qus – Santiago del Estero Quichua * iso639-3:quw, quw – Tena Lowland Quichua * iso639-3:qux, qux – Yauyos Quechua * iso639-3:quy, quy – Ayacucho Quechua * iso639-3:quz, quz – Cusco Quechua * iso639-3:qva, qva – Ambo-Pasco Quechua * iso639-3:qvc, qvc – Cajamarca Quechua * iso639-3:qve, qve – Eastern Apurímac Quechua * iso639-3:qvh, qvh – Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua * iso639-3:qvi, qvi – Imbabura Highland Quichua * iso639-3:qvj, qvj – Loja Highland Quichua * iso639-3:qvl, qvl – Cajatambo North Lima Quechua * iso639-3:qvm, qvm – Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha Quechua * iso639-3:qvn, qvn – North Junín Quechua * iso639-3:qvo, qvo – Napo Lowland Quechua * iso639-3:qvp, qvp – Pacaraos Quechua * iso639-3:qvs, qvs – San Martín Quechua * iso639-3:qvw, qvw – Huaylla Wanca Quechua * iso639-3:qvz, qvz – Northern Pastaza Quichua * iso639-3:qwa, qwa – Corongo Ancash Quechua * iso639-3:qwc, qwc – Classical Quechua * iso639-3:qwh, qwh – Huaylas Ancash Quechua * iso639-3:qws, qws – Sihuas Ancash Quechua * iso639-3:qxa, qxa – Chiquián Ancash Quechua * iso639-3:qxc, qxc – Chincha Quechua * iso639-3:qxh, qxh – Panao Huánuco Quechua * iso639-3:qxl, qxl – Salasaca Highland Quichua * iso639-3:qxn, qxn – Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua * iso639-3:qxo, qxo – Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua * iso639-3:qxp, qxp – Puno Quechua * iso639-3:qxr, qxr – Cañar Highland Quichua * iso639-3:qxt, qxt – Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua * iso639-3:qxu, qxu – Arequipa-La Unión Quechua * iso639-3:qxw, qxw – Jauja Wanca Quechua The following code was previously part of que: * iso639-3:cqu, cqu – Chilean Quechua (Moved to code "quh" on 15 January 2016)

raj

iso639-3:raj, raj is the

for Rajasthani language, Rajasthani. There are six individual language codes assigned: * iso639-3:bgq, bgq – Bagri language, Bagri * iso639-3:gda, gda – Gade Lohar * iso639-3:gju, gju – Gujari * iso639-3:hoj, hoj – Hadothi * iso639-3:mup, mup – Malvi * iso639-3:wbr, wbr – Wagdi language, Wagdi

rom

iso639-3:rom, rom is the

for Romany language, Romany. There are seven individual language codes assigned: * iso639-3:rmc, rmc – Carpathian Romani * iso639-3:rmf, rmf – Kalo Finnish Romani * iso639-3:rml, rml – Baltic Romani * iso639-3:rmn, rmn – Balkan Romani * iso639-3:rmo, rmo – Sinte Romani * iso639-3:rmw, rmw – Welsh Romani * iso639-3:rmy, rmy – Vlax Romani In addition, there are nine individual codes ''not'' part of this macrolanguage but they are categorized as mixed languages: * iso639-3:emx, emx – Erromintxela * iso639-3:rge, rge – Romano-Greek * iso639-3:rmd, rmd – Traveller Danish * iso639-3:rme, rme – Angloromani * iso639-3:rmg, rmg – Traveller Norwegian language, Traveller Norwegian * iso639-3:rmi, rmi – Lomavren * iso639-3:rmr, rmr – Caló language, Caló * iso639-3:rmu, rmu – Tavringer Romani * iso639-3:rsb, rsb – Romano-Serbian

san

iso639-3:san, san is the

for

. Its

code is sa. As of 2025, it's the only macrolanguage with language type as Historical. There are two individual language codes assigned: * iso639-3:cls, cls – Classical Sanskrit * iso639-3:vsn, vsn – Vedic Sanskrit

sqi

iso639-3:sqi, sqi is the

for Albanian language, Albanian. Its

code is sq. There are four individual language codes assigned: * iso639-3:aae, aae – Arbëresh language, Arbëreshë Albanian * iso639-3:aat, aat – Arvanitika, Arvanitika Albanian * iso639-3:aln, aln – Gheg Albanian * iso639-3:als, als – Tosk Albanian

srd

iso639-3:srd, srd is the

for Sardinian language, Sardinian. Its

code is sc. There are four individual language codes assigned: * iso639-3:sdc, sdc – Sassarese language, Sassarese Sardinian * iso639-3:sdn, sdn – Gallurese Sardinian * iso639-3:src, src – Logudorese Sardinian * iso639-3:sro, sro – Campidanese Sardinian

swa

iso639-3:swa, swa is the

for Swahili language, Swahili. Its

code is sw. There are two individual language codes assigned: * iso639-3:swc, swc – Congo Swahili * iso639-3:swh, swh – Swahili (individual language)

syr

iso639-3:syr, syr is the

for Syriac language, Syriac. There are two individual language codes assigned: * iso639-3:aii, aii – Assyrian Neo-Aramaic * iso639-3:cld, cld – Chaldean Neo-Aramaic

tmh

iso639-3:tmh, tmh is the

for Tamashek language, Tamashek. There are four individual language codes assigned: * iso639-3:taq, taq – Tamasheq * iso639-3:thv, thv – Tahaggart Tamahaq * iso639-3:thz, thz – Tayart Tamajeq * iso639-3:ttq, ttq – Tawallammat Tamajaq

uzb

iso639-3:uzb, uzb is the

for Uzbek language, Uzbek. Its

code is uz. There are two individual language codes assigned: * iso639-3:uzn, uzn – Northern Uzbek language, Northern Uzbek * iso639-3:uzs, uzs – Southern Uzbek language, Southern Uzbek

yid

iso639-3:yid, yid is the

for Yiddish language, Yiddish. Its

code is yi. There are two individual language codes assigned: * iso639-3:ydd, ydd – Eastern Yiddish * iso639-3:yih, yih – Western Yiddish

zap

iso639-3:zap, zap is the

for Zapotec language, Zapotec. There are fifty-eight individual language codes assigned. * iso639-3:zaa, zaa – Ixtlán Zapotec, Sierra de Juárez Zapotec * iso639-3:zab, zab – Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec * iso639-3:zac, zac – Ocotlán Zapotec * iso639-3:zad, zad – Cajonos Zapotec * iso639-3:zae, zae – Yareni Zapotec * iso639-3:zaf, zaf – Ayoquesco Zapotec * iso639-3:zai, zai – Isthmus Zapotec * iso639-3:zam, zam – Miahuatlán Zapotec * iso639-3:zao, zao – Ozolotepec Zapotec * iso639-3:zaq, zaq – Aloápam Zapotec * iso639-3:zar, zar – Rincón Zapotec * iso639-3:zas, zas – Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec * iso639-3:zat, zat – Tabaa Zapotec * iso639-3:zav, zav – Yatzachi Zapotec * iso639-3:zaw, zaw – Mitla Zapotec * iso639-3:zax, zax – Xadani Zapotec * iso639-3:zca, zca – Coatecas Altas Zapotec * iso639-3:zcd, zcd – Las Delicias Zapotec * iso639-3:zoo, zoo – Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec * iso639-3:zpa, zpa – Lachiguiri Zapotec * iso639-3:zpb, zpb – San Bartolo Yautepec Zapotec, Yautepec Zapotec * iso639-3:zpc, zpc – Choapan Zapotec * iso639-3:zpd, zpd – Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec * iso639-3:zpe, zpe – Petapa Zapotec * iso639-3:zpf, zpf – San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec * iso639-3:zpg, zpg – Guevea Zapotec, Guevea De Humboldt Zapotec * iso639-3:zph, zph – Totomachapan Zapotec * iso639-3:zpi, zpi – Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec * iso639-3:zpj, zpj – Quiavicuzas Zapotec * iso639-3:zpk, zpk – Tlacolulita Zapotec * iso639-3:zpl, zpl – Lachixío Zapotec * iso639-3:zpm, zpm – Mixtepec Zapotec * iso639-3:zpn, zpn – Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec * iso639-3:zpo, zpo – Amatlán Zapotec * iso639-3:zpp, zpp – El Alto Zapotec * iso639-3:zpq, zpq – Zoogocho Zapotec * iso639-3:zpr, zpr – Santiago Xanica Zapotec * iso639-3:zps, zps – Coatlán Zapotec * iso639-3:zpt, zpt – San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec * iso639-3:zpu, zpu – Yalálag Zapotec * iso639-3:zpv, zpv – Chichicapan Zapotec * iso639-3:zpw, zpw – Zaniza Zapotec * iso639-3:zpx, zpx – San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec * iso639-3:zpy, zpy – Mazaltepec Zapotec * iso639-3:zpz, zpz – Texmelucan Zapotec * iso639-3:zsr, zsr – Southern Rincon Zapotec * iso639-3:zte, zte – Elotepec Zapotec * iso639-3:ztg, ztg – Xanaguía Zapotec * iso639-3:ztl, ztl – Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec * iso639-3:ztm, ztm – San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec * iso639-3:ztn, ztn – Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec * iso639-3:ztp, ztp – Loxicha Zapotec * iso639-3:ztq, ztq – Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec * iso639-3:zts, zts – Tilquiapan Zapotec * iso639-3:ztt, ztt – Tejalapan Zapotec * iso639-3:ztu, ztu – Güilá Zapotec * iso639-3:ztx, ztx – Zaachila Zapotec * iso639-3:zty, zty – Yatee Zapotec The following codes were previously part of zap: * iso639-3:ztc, ztc – Lachirioag Zapotec (Moved to Yatee Zapotec [zty] on 18 July 2007) In addition, there is an individual code ''not'' part of this macrolanguage because it is categorized as a

: * iso639-3:xzp, xzp – Ancient Zapotec

zha

iso639-3:zha, zha is the

for Zhuang languages, Zhuang. Its

code is za. There are sixteen individual language codes assigned: * iso639-3:zch, zch – Central Hongshuihe Zhuang * iso639-3:zeh, zeh – Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang * iso639-3:zgb, zgb – Guibei Zhuang * iso639-3:zgm, zgm – Minz Zhuang * iso639-3:zgn, zgn – Guibian Zhuang * iso639-3:zhd, zhd – Dai Zhuang * iso639-3:zhn, zhn – Nong Zhuang * iso639-3:zlj, zlj – Liujiang Zhuang * iso639-3:zln, zln – Lianshan Zhuang * iso639-3:zlq, zlq – Liuqian Zhuang * iso639-3:zqe, zqe – Qiubei Zhuang * iso639-3:zyb, zyb – Yongbei Zhuang * iso639-3:zyg, zyg – Yang Zhuang * iso639-3:zyj, zyj – Youjiang Zhuang * iso639-3:zyn, zyn – Yongnan Zhuang * iso639-3:zzj, zzj – Zuojiang Zhuang The following codes were previously part of zha: * iso639-3:ccx, ccx – Northern Zhuang (Split into Guibian Zh [zgn], Liujiang Zh [zlj], Qiubei Zh [zqe], Guibei Zh [zgb], Youjiang Zh [zyj], Central Hongshuihe Zh [zch], Eastern Hongshuihe Zh [zeh], Liuqian Zh [zlq], Yongbei Zh [zyb], and Lianshan Zh [zln]. on 14 January 2008) * iso639-3:ccy, ccy – Southern Zhuang (Split into Nong Zhuang [zhn], Yang Zhuang [zyg], Yongnan Zhuang [zyn], Zuojiang Zhuang [zzj], and Dai Zhuang [zhd] on 18 July 2007)

zho

iso639-3:zho, zho is the

for Chinese. Its

code is zh. There are nineteen individual language codes assigned, most of which are not actually languages but rather groups of Sinitic languages distinguished by isoglosses: * iso639-3:cdo, cdo – Eastern Min, Min Dong Chinese * iso639-3:cjy, cjy – Jin Chinese, Jinyu Chinese * iso639-3:cmn, cmn – Mandarin Chinese * iso639-3:cnp, cnp – Pinghua, Northern Ping Chinese * iso639-3:cpx, cpx – Puxian Min, Pu-Xian Chinese * iso639-3:csp, csp – Pinghua, Southern Ping Chinese * iso639-3:czh, czh – Huizhou Chinese * iso639-3:czo, czo – Min Zhong, Min Zhong Chinese * iso639-3:gan, gan – Gan Chinese * iso639-3:hak, hak – Hakka Chinese * iso639-3:hnm, hnm – Hainanese * iso639-3:hsn, hsn – Xiang Chinese * iso639-3:luh, luh – Leizhou Min, Leizhou Chinese * iso639-3:lzh, lzh – Classical Chinese, Literary Chinese * iso639-3:mnp, mnp – Min Bei, Min Bei Chinese * iso639-3:nan, nan – Min Nan, Min Nan Chinese * iso639-3:sjc, sjc – Shao–Jiang Min, Shaojiang Chinese * iso639-3:wuu, wuu – Wu Chinese * iso639-3:yue, yue – Yue Chinese Although the Dungan language (iso639-3:dng, dng) is a dialect of Mandarin, it is not listed under Chinese in ISO 639-3 due to separate historical and cultural development. ISO 639 also lists codes for Old Chinese (iso639-3:och, och) and Late Middle Chinese (iso639-3:ltc, ltc)). They are not listed under Chinese in ISO 639-3 because they are categorized as ancient and Historical language, historical languages, respectively.

zza

iso639-3:zza, zza is the

for Zaza language, Zaza. There are two individual language codes assigned: * iso639-3:diq, diq – Dimli (individual language) * iso639-3:kiu, kiu – Kirmanjki (individual language)

References

External links

ISO 639-3 Macrolanguage Mappings
{{DEFAULTSORT:Iso 639 Macrolanguage ISO 639, macrolanguage Language identifiers Dialectology