Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respon ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''MAD1L1''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
MAD1L1 is also known as
Human Accelerated Region 3. It may have played a key role in the evolution of humans from apes.
Function
MAD1L1 is a component of the
mitotic
In cell biology, mitosis () is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division by mitosis gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is mainta ...
spindle-assembly checkpoint that prevents the onset of
anaphase
Anaphase () is the stage of mitosis after the process of metaphase, when replicated chromosomes are split and the newly-copied chromosomes (daughter chromatids) are moved to opposite poles of the cell. Chromosomes also reach their overall max ...
until all chromosome are properly aligned at the metaphase plate. MAD1L1 functions as a homodimer and interacts with
MAD2L1. MAD1L1 may play a role in
cell cycle
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell that cause it to divide into two daughter cells. These events include the duplication of its DNA ( DNA replication) and some of its organelles, and sub ...
control and tumor suppression. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
Interactions
MAD1L1 has been shown to
interact
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with:
*
HDAC1
Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HDAC1'' gene.
Function
Histone acetylation and deacetylation, catalyzed by multisubunit complexes, play a key role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Th ...
,
*
Histone deacetylase 2,
[ and
* MAD2L1,]
See also
* MAD1
Mad1 is a non-essential protein which in yeast has a function in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC).
This checkpoint monitors chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules and prevents cells from starting anaphase until the spindle is built u ...
* MAD2
Mad2 (mitotic arrest deficient 2) is an essential spindle checkpoint protein. The spindle checkpoint system is a regulatory system that restrains progression through the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. The Mad2 gene was first identified in the ...
* Hyperphosphorylation
References
{{biochemistry-stub