Loki-Fögrufjöll
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The Loki-Fögrufjöll ( volcanic system; also known as Hamarinn after its central volcano or Lokahryggur ) is a
subglacial volcano A subglacial volcano, also known as a glaciovolcano, is a volcanic form produced by subglacial eruptions or eruptions beneath the surface of a glacier or ice sheet which is then melted into a lake by the rising lava. Today they are most common i ...
under the
Vatnajökull Vatnajökull ( Icelandic pronunciation: , literally "Glacier of Lakes"; sometimes translated as Vatna Glacier in English) is the largest and most voluminous ice cap in Iceland, and the second largest in area in Europe after the Severny Island i ...
glacier. The subglacial volcano is found within the
Bárðarbunga Bárðarbunga (, alternative name Veiðivötn), is an active and productive stratovolcano located under Vatnajökull in Vatnajökull National Park which is Iceland's most extensive glacier. The second highest mountain in Iceland, above sea le ...
fissure volcanic system, but is outside the caldera of Bárðarbunga itself. Earthquake swarms associated with the volcano are separate in time and place from other swarms in the Bárðarbunga system. The fissure swarm extending south-west towards
Torfajökull Torfajökull ( Icelandic for "Torfi's glacier"; ) is a rhyolitic stratovolcano, with a large caldera (central volcano) capped by a glacier of the same name and associated with a complex of subglacial volcanoes. Torfajökull last erupted in 1477 an ...
has not had recent earthquakes or erupted in the
Holocene The Holocene () is the current geologic time scale, geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago. It follows the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene to ...
. A geothermally and seismically active ridge called Lokahryggur or the Loki Ridge, extends eastward from Hamarinn under the ice to where in 1996 the Gjálp volcanic fissure erupted between Bárðarbunga and
Grímsvötn Grímsvötn (; ''vötn'' = "waters", singular: ) is an active volcano with a (partially subglacial) fissure system located in Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland. The central volcano is completely subglacial and located under the northwestern side ...
and produced a large
jökulhlaup A jökulhlaup ( ) (literally "glacial run") is a type of glacial outburst flood. It is an Icelandic term that has been adopted in glaciological terminology in many languages. It originally referred to the well-known subglacial outburst floo ...
. The last confirmed eruption was in 1910 when
tephra Tephra is fragmental material produced by a Volcano, volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size, or emplacement mechanism. Volcanologists also refer to airborne fragments as pyroclasts. Once clasts have fallen to the ground, ...
was erupted, but the system may also have had subglacial eruptions in 1986, 1991, 2006, 2008 and 2011.


See also

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Volcanism of Iceland :''The volcano system in Iceland that started activity on August 17, 2014, and ended on February 27, 2015, is Bárðarbunga.'' :''The volcano in Iceland that erupted in May 2011 is Grímsvötn.'' Iceland experiences frequent volcanic activity, ...
**
List of volcanic eruptions in Iceland This is an incomplete list of volcanic eruptions in Iceland. Please see External links below for databases of Icelandic eruptions which include over 530 events. ''For latest information about the current/ongoing series of eruptions near Grindav ...
**
List of volcanoes in Iceland There are too many presumed extinct or now inactive volcanic features to list all of these below, so most monogenetic volcanoes can not be mentioned individually. This list of volcanoes in Iceland only includes major active and dormant volcano, ...


Notes


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Loki-Fogrufjoll Subglacial volcanoes of Iceland Central volcanoes of Iceland Bárðarbunga