Kashin (russian: Ка́шин) is a
town
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an ori ...
and the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of
Kashinsky District
Kashinsky District (russian: Ка́шинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with Kesovogorsky Dist ...
in
Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast (russian: Тверска́я о́бласть, ''Tverskaya oblast'', ), from 1935 to 1990 known as Kalinin Oblast (), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tver. It was named after Mikhai ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
, located around a rural agricultural area on the
Kashinka River (
Volga
The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the List of rivers of Europe#Rivers of Europe by length, longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Cas ...
's
tributary
A tributary, or affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainage ...
). Population: 18,000 (1970).
History
Kashin was first mentioned in a
chronicle
A chronicle ( la, chronica, from Greek ''chroniká'', from , ''chrónos'' – "time") is a historical account of events arranged in chronological order, as in a timeline. Typically, equal weight is given for historically important events and lo ...
under the year of 1238, when it was sacked during the
Mongol invasion
The Mongol invasions and conquests took place during the 13th and 14th centuries, creating history's largest contiguous empire: the Mongol Empire (1206- 1368), which by 1300 covered large parts of Eurasia. Historians regard the Mongol devastati ...
. It was given by Grand Duke
Mikhail Yaroslavich
Mikhail Yaroslavich (russian: Михаил Ярославич) (1271 – 22 November 1318), also known as Michael of Tver, was a Prince of Tver (from 1285) who ruled as Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1304 until 1314 and again from 1315–1318. ...
as an
appanage
An appanage, or apanage (; french: apanage ), is the grant of an estate, title, office or other thing of value to a younger child of a sovereign, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture. It was common in much o ...
to his son Vasily, who founded a short-lived dynasty of local princes. Mikhail Yaroslavich's
wife Anna took the veil in Kashin's nunnery, died there on October 2, 1368, and was glorified by the
Russian Orthodox Church
, native_name_lang = ru
, image = Moscow July 2011-7a.jpg
, imagewidth =
, alt =
, caption = Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Russia
, abbreviation = ROC
, type ...
in 1650 as a holy patroness of all women who suffer the loss of relatives. Her relics are preserved in the Ascension Cathedral of Kashin.
In 1382, Kashin was annexed by
Principality of Tver
The Principality of Tver (russian: Тверское княжество, la, TferiaeDmitry Shemyaka
Dmitriy Yurievich Shemyaka (Дмитрий Юрьевич Шемяка in Russian) (died 1453) was the second son of Yury of Zvenigorod by Anastasia of Smolensk and grandson of Dmitri Donskoi. His hereditary patrimony was the rich Northern to ...
. It finally passed to the
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow, Muscovite Russia, Muscovite Rus' or Grand Principality of Moscow (russian: Великое княжество Московское, Velikoye knyazhestvo Moskovskoye; also known in English simply as Muscovy from the Lati ...
in 1486 with the rest of the Principality of Tver.
![Market square kashin](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Market_square_kashin.jpg)
In 1708, the town became a part of Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as
St. Petersburg Governorate), but in 1727 it was transferred to
Moscow Governorate
Moscow Governorate (russian: Московская губерния; pre-reform Russian: ), or the Government of Moscow, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR, which ...
. In 1775,
Tver Viceroyalty
Tver Viceroyalty (russian: link=no, Тверское наместничество, ''Tverskoye namestnichestvo'') was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1775 until 1796. Its seat was in Tver. In 1796, it was tran ...
was formed from the lands which previously belonged to Moscow and
Novgorod Governorate
Novgorod Governorate (Pre-reformed rus, Новгоро́дская губе́рнія, r=Novgorodskaya guberniya, p=ˈnofɡərətskəjə ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə, t=Government of Novgorod), was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Ru ...
s, and
Kashinsky Uyezd Kashinsky Uyezd (''Кашинский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Tver Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Kashin.
Demographics
At the tim ...
with the seat in Kashin was established. In 1796, Tver Viceroyalty was transformed into
Tver Governorate
Tver Governorate (russian: Тверская губерния, ''Tverskaya guberniya'') was an administrative division (a ''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 ...
. On October 3, 1927, Kashinsky Uyezd was abolished and split between
Bezhetsky and
Kimrsky Uyezd
Kimrsky District (russian: Ки́мрский райо́н) is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Kalyazinsky Dist ...
s.
On July 12, 1929, Kashinsky District, with the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
in the Kashin, was established within
Bezhetsk Okrug
Bezhetsk (russian: Бе́жецк) is a town and the administrative center of Bezhetsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Mologa River at its confluence with the Ostrechina. Population: 29,000 (1967). It was previously known as ...
of
Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast ( rus, Моско́вская о́бласть, r=Moskovskaya oblast', p=mɐˈskofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ), or Podmoskovye ( rus, Подмоско́вье, p=pədmɐˈskovʲjə, literally "under Moscow"), is a federal subject of Rus ...
.
On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.
[Snytko et al., p. 87] On January 29, 1935,
Kalinin Oblast
Tver Oblast (russian: Тверска́я о́бласть, ''Tverskaya oblast'', ), from 1935 to 1990 known as Kalinin Oblast (), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tver. It was named after Mikhai ...
was established and Kashin was transferred to it.
In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.
[Decree of July 17, 1990]
Administrative and municipal status
Within the
framework of administrative divisions, Kashin serves as the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of
Kashinsky District
Kashinsky District (russian: Ка́шинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with Kesovogorsky Dist ...
.
As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Kashinsky District as Kashin
Urban Settlement
An Urban settlement is a concentrated settlement that is part of an urban area. It is an area with high density of human-created structures.
*Municipal urban settlement, a type of subdivision such as Cape town in Western Cape
*Urban settlement, ...
.
[Law #34-ZO stipulates that the borders of the settlements (administrative-territorial divisions) are identical to the borders of the urban and rural settlements (municipal divisions), and that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. Law #28-ZO, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal formations in Kashinsky Municipal District, lists the town of Kashin as a part and the administrative center of Kashin Urban Settlement of that district.] As a
municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Kashinsky Municipal District.
[Law #28-ZO]
Climate
The mean temperature in Kashin is in January and in July.
Economy
The town is an important part of the
oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of ...
's economy. It is home to ''
Veresk'', one of the largest alcoholic drink producing companies in the region. Another major business is the
mineral water
Mineral water is water from a mineral spring that contains various minerals, such as salts and sulfur compounds. Mineral water may usually be still or sparkling (carbonated/effervescent) according to the presence or absence of added gases.
T ...
company ''ERA'', which produces the Kashinskaya brand of mineral water. There are also an electric equipment company, a wool factory, and a milk and meat-processing company.
Several times a week, a market is organized in the main square of the town where residents can sell various items. Also, fruit and vegetables from nearby rural farms are sold.
Transportation
Buses provide public transportation within the town and commute to nearby destinations. Also, a train passes through Kashin twice a day. The morning train travels from
Sonkovo
Sonkovo (russian: Сонко́во) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Sonkovsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia. Population:
History
Founded by the Russian Greek Orthodox Inkeriköt ( Izhorians) i ...
to
Savyolovo
Savyolovo (russian: Савёлово) is a microdistrict of the town of Kimry in Tver Oblast, Russia. It lies on the right bank of the Volga River and is connected to the left-bank part of Kimry by a bridge over the Volga (the longest bridge in ...
, while the afternoon train travels in the opposite direction. Several times a week, a train from
St. Petersburg stops in Kashin.
Architecture
There are several architectural monuments in Kashin, including monasteries, churches, and cathedrals. The most ancient of these, a wooden chapel from 1646, was burned to the ground in 1998.
The town contains thirty-six cultural heritage monuments of federal significance, including the ensemble of the Presentation Monastery and a number of churches built in the 18th and the 19th centuries.
Culture
The Museum of Local Lore is located in Kashin. Also, in the
village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town (although the word is often used to describe both hamlets and smaller towns), with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to ...
of
Verkhnyaya Troitsa, situated from Kashin, the house of
Mikhail Kalinin
Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (russian: link=no, Михаи́л Ива́нович Кали́нин ; 3 June 1946), known familiarly by Soviet citizens as "Kalinych", was a Soviet politician and Old Bolshevik revolutionary. He served as head of st ...
, a Soviet statesman, is located.
Recreation
There is a resort area near Kashin where many
oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of ...
residents spend their vacation near the
Kashinka River. Kashin itself is known as a
balneological
Balneotherapy ( la, balneum "bath") is a method of treating diseases by bathing, a traditional medicine technique usually practiced at spas. Since ancient times, humans have used hot springs, public baths and thermal medicine for therapeutic ef ...
resort. On holidays and special dates, the town hosts large festivals which involve dancing, food, and various performances.
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
*
*
*
External links
Official website of KashinKashin Business Directory
*Towns.ru
Resurrection Cathedral (Kashin)Church of the Entry into Jerusalem (Kashin)Church of SS. Peter and Paul (Kashin)
{{Authority control
Cities and towns in Tver Oblast
Kashinsky Uyezd