Kinh Dương Vương (

chữ Hán ( , ) are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese in Vietnam, Literary Chinese (; ) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese language, Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region ...

: 涇陽王; "King of Kinh Dương") is a legendary ancient Vietnamese figure, mentioned in the 15th-century work ''

Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư The ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'' ( vi-hantu, 大越史記全書; ; ''Complete Annals of Đại Việt'') is the official national chronicle of the Đại Việt, that was originally compiled by the royal historian Ngô Sĩ Liên under ...

'' by having unified all the tribes within his territory into one state, and as the founder of the

Hồng Bàng dynasty The Hồng Bàng period (), also called the Hồng Bàng dynasty,Pelley, p. 151 was a legendary ancient period in Vietnamese historiography, spanning from the beginning of the rule of Kinh Dương Vương over the kingdom of Văn Lang (initia ...

. He is considered the first sovereign of the

Vietnamese people The Vietnamese people (, ) or the Kinh people (), also known as the Viet people or the Viets, are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day northern Vietnam and Dongxing, Guangxi, southern China who speak Vietnamese language, Viet ...

. According to the 15th-century ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'', he ruled over the state of Xích Quỷ (赤鬼國) starting in 2879 BC. Kinh Dương Vương's father was Đế Minh (帝明, "Emperor Ming" of Chinese and Vietnamese mythology), a descendant of

Shennong Shennong ( zh, c=神農, p=Shénnóng), variously translated as "Divine Farmer" or "Divine Husbandman", born , was a mythological Chinese ruler known as the first Yan Emperor who has become a deity in Chinese and Vietnamese folk religion. H ...

(Thần Nông). Kinh Dương Vương is believed to having married Thần Long, the daughter of Động Đình Quân (洞庭君; "Lord of Dongting") and given birth to Lạc Long Quân. Today Kinh Dương Vương features with other ancient figures such as Thánh Gióng, Âu Cơ, Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh are a part of the elementary school texts. A popular shrine, and presumed tomb of Kinh Dương Vương, is located in the village of An Lữ, Thuận Thành District,

Bắc Ninh Bắc Ninh () is a city in the Northern Vietnam, northern part of Vietnam and is the capital of Bắc Ninh province. The city is the cultural, administrative and commercial center of the province. The city area is 82.60 square km, with a populat ...

Province.

Legends

According to ''

'', a book written in a

Confucian Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, and is variously described as a tradition, philosophy, religion, theory of government, or way of life. Founded by Confucius ...

perspective, Kinh Dương Vương originates from China: Emperor Ming, the great-great-grandson of the mythological Chinese ruler

, went on a tour of inspection south of the

Nanling Mountains The Nanling (), also known as the Wuling (), is a major mountain range in Southern China that separates the Pearl River Basin from the Yangtze Valley and serves as the dividing line between south and central subtropical zones. The main rang ...

, settled down and married a certain Beautiful Immortal Lady (鶩僊女 Vụ Tiên Nữ), who then gave birth to an intelligent son named Lộc Tục (祿續). After Emperor Ming passed the throne to his eldest son, Emperor Ly(釐) to be king of the North, and Lộc Tục was appointed to be king of the South, his title Kinh Dương Vương (涇陽王). Kinh Duong Vuong was king and ruled from about 2879 BC onwards.Kỷ Hồng Bàng thị
informatik leipzig.de
''Bản sao lưu''
nguoikesu, 2017. Truy cập 1/04/2019. The territory of the country under Kinh Dương Vương was claimed to be large, reaching Dongting Lake in the north, the Husunxing country (胡猻精; SV: Hồ Tôn Tinh) (i.e.

Champa Champa (Cham language, Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ, چمڤا; ; 占城 or 占婆) was a collection of independent Chams, Cham Polity, polities that extended across the coast of what is present-day Central Vietnam, central and southern Vietnam from ...

) in the south, the East Sea (東海, part of the

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is ...

) in the east and Ba Shu (巴蜀; now in today Sichuan, China) in the west. Lĩnh Nam chích quái recorded the legend that the king vigorously expelled a murderous god named Xương Cuồng. He married the daughter of the King of Động Đình (洞庭) Lake, named Thần Long (神龍 "Divine Dragon"), who gave birth to a son named Sùng Lãm (崇纜). Sùng Lãm would later succeed Kinh Dương Vương as ruler, titled Dragon Lord of Lạc (貉龍君; SV: Lạc Long Quân).

Worship

Worship of Kinh Dương Vương in Vietnam is not as popular as worship of

, the deity who is Hùng Vương's ancestor and a very respected one in Vietnam's agricultural beliefs; Đàn Xã Tắc(壇社稷) was established annually by feudal dynasties to worship . Thượng Lãng communal house in Minh Hòa commune, Hưng Hà district, Thái Bình province is the oldest relic worshiping Kinh Dương Vương; Legend has it since the Đinh dynasty . The Kinh Dương Vương Mausoleum and Temple (locally called Lăng và Đền thờ) in Bắc Ninh have long been classified by the Vietnamese feudal dynasties as shrines to worship the emperors, each time the National Ceremony will bring to the army to worship and worship people solemnly. In 2013 , Bắc Ninh province announced a plan to preserve, embellish and promote the population of national historical and cultural relics of Mausoleum and Kinh Dương Vương Temple with a total investment of more than 491 billion VND. The project is divided into 4 main construction categories, including: relic conservation space, focusing on repairing and embellishing the relics of the Mausoleum and Kinh Dương Vương Temple, temple grounds, tomb gardens; relic value space includes: ancestral monument, cultural festival square, cultural display ... accompanied by ancillary services to develop spiritual cultural tourism, attracting tourists and technical infrastructure, leveling, roads, electricity lines.Gần 500 tỷ bảo tồn, tôn tạo lăng và đền thờ Kinh Dương Vương
Đoàn Thế Cường, báo Dân Trí 09/10/2012 - 07:02. At present, the Kinh Duong Vuong tomb and temple relic is worshiped in Á Lữ village, Đại Đồng Thành commune, Thuận Thành district, Bắc Ninh province .

Other theories

Many historical researchers suspected that Kinh Dương Vương was a legendary figure based on elements from the novella ''Story of Liu Yi'' (柳毅 SV: ''Liễu Nghị truyện''). Historical researcher Trần Trọng Dương pointed out that: This view has been expressed by many Vietnamese historians since the 18th century: for example, Ngô Thì Sĩ in ''Prefatory Compilation to Đại Việt's Historical Records''Quoted and translated into Vietnamese in Trần Trọng Dương (2013) "Kinh Dương Vương - Who was he?". ''Tia Sáng'', 06/09/2013
online text
/ref> as well as the

Nguyễn dynasty The Nguyễn dynasty (, chữ Nôm: 茹阮, chữ Hán: 朝阮) was the last List of Vietnamese dynasties, Vietnamese dynasty, preceded by the Nguyễn lords and ruling unified Vietnam independently from 1802 until French protectorate in 1883 ...

's historians in '' The Imperially Ordered Outlined and Detailed Texts Thoroughly Mirroring of the History of Viet'' Consequently, Emperor

Tự Đức Tự Đức (, vi-hantu, :wikt:嗣, 嗣:wikt:德, 德, , 22 September 1829 – 19 July 1883) (personal name: Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Nhậm, also Nguyễn Phúc Thì) was the fourth emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam, and the country's la ...

of the Nguyen dynasty decided to exclude King of Kinh Duong and Dragon Lord of Lạc from their historiography as this did not conform with the Confucian ideals of the country.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kinh Duong Vuong Ancient Vietnam Vietnamese deities Vietnamese gods Vietnamese monarchs Vietnamese mythology Legendary progenitors Legendary monarchs Founding monarchs in Asia Legendary Vietnamese people Longevity myths