Janusz Jędrzejewicz (; 21 June 1885 – 16 March 1951) was a Polish politician and educator, a leader of the
Sanacja political group, and 24th
Prime Minister of Poland
A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only wa ...
from 1933 to 1934.
Life
He joined
Józef Piłsudski's
Polish Socialist Party in 1904. After
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
broke out, he joined the
Polish Legions and the
Polish Military Organization. In 1918 he joined the
Polish Army
The Land Forces () are the Army, land forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 110,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military histor ...
and served as
aide to
Piłsudski. In 1919, he was transferred to Section II (
Intelligence
Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as t ...
) at the Lithuanian-Belarusian Front Headquarters, and later to the General Staff.
After the
Polish–Soviet War
The Polish–Soviet War (14 February 1919 – 18 March 1921) was fought primarily between the Second Polish Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, following World War I and the Russian Revolution.
After the collapse ...
, in 1923 Jędrzejewicz became a politician. He was elected a deputy to the Polish
Sejm
The Sejm (), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (), is the lower house of the bicameralism, bicameral parliament of Poland.
The Sejm has been the highest governing body of the Third Polish Republic since the Polish People' ...
(1928–35) and later a senator. In 1930–1935 he was vice-president of the
Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (BBWR). From 12 August 1931, to 22 February 1934, he served as minister of education. He introduced a reform of Poland's educational system that came to be named, after him, "
Jędrzejewicz reform." From 10 May 1933, to 13 May 1934, he was Prime Minister of Poland.
In 1926, he founded the monthly, ''
Wiedza i Życie''. In 1929, he organized a teachers' union, ''Zrąb'', and other educational societies, including the
Polish Academy of Literature. He was also co-author of the 1935
Polish Constitution. After Piłsudski's death in 1935, he opposed the
Camp of National Unity (OZN, ''Ozon'') and the right wing of the
Sanacja movement, and retired from political life.
After the
Soviet
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
invasion during the
Polish Defensive War of 1939, he fled to
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
and later through
Palestine
Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...
to London. In 1948, he was chosen to be head of
Liga Niepodległości Polski, a political party in exile. He died in 1951.
He was a brother of
Wacław Jędrzejewicz and married
Cezaria Baudouin de Courtenay Ehrenkreutz Jędrzejewiczowa, a pioneer of ethnography in Poland.
Honours and awards
:Silver Cross of
Virtuti Militari
The War Order of Virtuti Militari (Latin: ''"For Military Virtue"'', ) is Poland's highest military decoration for heroism and courage in the face of the enemy at war. It was established in 1792 by the last King of Poland Stanislaus II of Poland, ...
:
Cross of Independence with Swords
:
Cross of Valour – twice
:
Order of Polonia Restituta
The Order of Polonia Restituta (, ) is a Polish state decoration, state Order (decoration), order established 4 February 1921. It is conferred on both military and civilians as well as on alien (law), foreigners for outstanding achievements in ...
:
Order of the Cross of the Eagle, First Class (Estonia, 1938)
See also
*
Prometheism
References
* "Jędrzejewicz, Janusz," ''
Encyklopedia Polski
This is a list of encyclopedias by language.
Albanian
Encyclopedias written in Albanian.
* '' Albanian Encyclopedic Dictionary'' (): published by Academy of Sciences of Albania;
** First Edition (1985; ''FESH'')
** New Edition (2008/09; ''Botim ...
'', p. 256.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jedrzejewicz, Janusz
1885 births
1951 deaths
People from Vinnytsia Oblast
People from Berdichevsky Uyezd
People from the Russian Empire of Polish descent
Polish Socialist Party politicians
Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians
Prime ministers of the Second Polish Republic
Education ministers of Poland
Government ministers of Poland
Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1928–1930)
Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1930–1935)
Senators of the Second Polish Republic (1935–1938)
Polish exiles
Polish legionnaires (World War I)
Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari
Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Recipients of the Cross of Independence with Swords
Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland)
Recipients of the Military Order of the Cross of the Eagle, Class I