Xalapa or Jalapa (, ), officially Xalapa-Enríquez (), is the capital city of the Mexican

state State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...

Veracruz Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entit ...

and the name of the surrounding municipality. In 2020 census the city reported a population of 443,063 and the

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

of which it serves as municipal seat reported a population of 488,531.Censo Xalapa 2020
CEEIG The municipality has an area of 118.45 km². Xalapa lies near the geographic center of the state and is the second-largest city in the state after the city of

to the southeast.

Etymology

The name ''Xalapa'' comes from the

Classical Nahuatl Classical Nahuatl, also known simply as Aztec or Codical Nahuatl (if it refers to the variants employed in the Mesoamerican Codices through the medium of Aztec Hieroglyphs) and Colonial Nahuatl (if written in Post-conquest documents in the Lat ...

roots (, 'sand') and (, 'place of water'), which means approximately 'spring in the sand'. It's classically pronounced in Nahuatl, although the final /n/ is often omitted. This was adopted into Spanish as ''Xalapa''. The complete name of the city is ''Xalapa-Enríquez'', bestowed in honor of a governor from the 19th century,

Juan de la Luz Enríquez General Juan de la Luz Enríquez Lara (born Tlacotalpan, May 16, 1836 – died Xalapa, March 17, 1892) was a Mexican politician A politician is a person who participates in Public policy, policy-making processes, usually holding an elect ...

. The city's nickname, "City of Flowers" (), was given by

Alexander von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 1769 – 6 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, natural history, naturalist, List of explorers, explorer, and proponent of Romanticism, Romantic philosophy and Romanticism ...

, who visited the city 10 February 1804. The reference is also related to the city's older colonial history. According to folklore, the Spanish believed that Jalapa was the birthplace and home of the world's most beautiful woman, , which literally means 'little flower'. The residents of Xalapa are called or , which is also the name given to the popular large peppers cultivated in this area.

History

The

Totonac The Totonac are an Indigenous people of Mexico who reside in the states of Veracruz, Puebla, and Hidalgo. They are one of the possible builders of the pre-Columbian city of El Tajín, and further maintained quarters in Teotihuacán (a cit ...

s first established themselves around

Macuiltepetl Macuiltépec or Mackuiltépec or Macuiltépetl is the name of a volcano and ecological park, located in the center of the city of Xalapa, Mexico. Toponymy The meaning of Macuiltépetl in Nahuatl could be (the) 'fifth hill' or 'hill five', whil ...

("fifth mountain" in Nahuatl). This extinct volcano received its name because the

Aztec The Aztecs ( ) were a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico in the Post-Classic stage, post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec people included different Indigenous peoples of Mexico, ethnic groups of central ...

s used it as the fifth reference mountain to get to the gulf of Mexico's shores. Today it is preserved in a park. During the 14th century, four indigenous peoples settled in the territory today known as Xalapa. Each built a small village: Xalitic (in the sand) was founded by the Totonacas; in the northeast Tecuanapan (river of the beasts) was founded by the

Toltec The Toltec culture () was a Pre-Columbian era, pre-Columbian Mesoamerican culture that ruled a state centered in Tula (Mesoamerican site), Tula, Hidalgo (state), Hidalgo, Mexico, during the Epiclassic and the early Post-Classic period of Mesoam ...

as, and Tlalnecapan was founded by the Teochichimecas. Around 1313, the four villages grew together and joined, forming one large village named Xallapan.

Moctezuma Ilhuicamina Moctezuma I (–1469), also known as Montezuma I, Moteuczomatzin Ilhuicamina ( ) or Huehuemoteuczoma ( ), was the second Aztec emperor and fifth king of Tenochtitlan. During his reign, the Aztec Empire was consolidated, major expansion was under ...

, the fifth

emperor, invaded the territory during the second half of the 15th century. All the land was ruled as part of the Aztec Empire before the arrival and conquest of the Spanish

conquistador Conquistadors (, ) or conquistadores (; ; ) were Spanish Empire, Spanish and Portuguese Empire, Portuguese colonizers who explored, traded with and colonized parts of the Americas, Africa, Oceania and Asia during the Age of Discovery. Sailing ...

es. In 1519

Hernán Cortés Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, 1st Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca (December 1485 – December 2, 1547) was a Spanish ''conquistador'' who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions o ...

passed through en route to

Tenochtitlan , also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan, was a large Mexican in what is now the historic center of Mexico City. The exact date of the founding of the city is unclear, but the date 13 March 1325 was chosen in 1925 to celebrate the 600th annivers ...

.Diaz, B., 1963, The Conquest of New Spain, London: Penguin Books, In 1555 Spanish Franciscans completed construction of a

convent A convent is an enclosed community of monks, nuns, friars or religious sisters. Alternatively, ''convent'' means the building used by the community. The term is particularly used in the Catholic Church, Lutheran churches, and the Anglican ...

, an important event in the

Nueva España New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( ; Nahuatl: ''Yankwik Kaxtillan Birreiyotl''), originally the Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain. It was one of several ...

of that time. Carlos IV de rojo

When the Spanish invaded, Xalapa was barely populated. The population rose after the conquest and colonial settlement. When the Spanish improved the Mexico-

Orizaba Orizaba (, Otomi: ) is a city and municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located 20 km west of its sister city Córdoba, and is adjacent to Río Blanco and Ixtaczoquitlán, on Federal Highways 180 and 190. The city had a ...

route, Xalapa declined in importance as a transport hub, and its population stagnated in the 17th century. From 1720 on Xalapa became increasingly important, due to trade with merchants from New Spain arriving to buy and sell the products of the peninsula. Numerous Spanish families from the nearby towns settled in Xalapa, so by 1760 the population had increased to over 1,000 inhabitants, including

mestizo ( , ; fem. , literally 'mixed person') is a term primarily used to denote people of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry in the former Spanish Empire. In certain regions such as Latin America, it may also refer to people who are culturall ...

and Spanish. Among local items of commerce were botanical medicines particularly

ipomoea purga ''Ipomoea purga'' is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Ipomoea''. It is commonly referred to as jalap and is probably also the source of the John the Conqueror amulet legend. Description ''Ipomoea purga'' is described as a vine that ca ...

source of a drug known in English as

Jalap Jalap is a cathartic drug, largely obsolete in Western medicine, consisting of the tuberous roots of '' Ipomoea purga'', a convolvulaceous plant growing on the eastern declivities of the Sierra Madre Oriental of Mexico at an elevation of above ...

. The growth of Xalapa in population, culture, commerce and importance, increased dramatically in the 18th century. Responding to residents' requests,

Carlos IV of Spain Charles IV (; 11 November 1748 – 20 January 1819) was King of Spain and ruler of the Spanish Empire from 1788 to 1808. The Spain inherited by Charles IV gave few indications of instability, but during his reign, Spain entered a series of disa ...

declared Xalapa a town on 18 December 1791. In 1772, construction of

Xalapa Cathedral Xalapa Cathedral or in full, Catedral Metropolitana de la Inmaculada Concepción de Xalapa is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Xalapa, Veracruz, in eastern Mexico. The see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Xalapa, it is one of the old ...

began. On 18 May 1784, José María Alfaro got the first air

balloon A balloon is a flexible membrane bag that can be inflated with a gas, such as helium, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, oxygen, or air. For special purposes, balloons can be filled with smoke, liquid water, granular media (e.g. sand, flour or rice), ...

in the Americas, airborne, in Xalapa. Due to the abundance of flowers growing in the region,

, who visited the town on 10 February 1804, christened it the "city of the flowers". On 29 November 1830 by decree, Xalapa was named a city. In 1843, Don Antonio María de Rivera founded the Normal School of Xalapa to train teachers. Today it operates as a preparatory school for students going to college. In 1847, during the

Mexican–American War The Mexican–American War (Spanish language, Spanish: ''guerra de Estados Unidos-México, guerra mexicano-estadounidense''), also known in the United States as the Mexican War, and in Mexico as the United States intervention in Mexico, ...

, Mexican general

Antonio López de Santa Anna Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (21 February 1794 – 21 June 1876),Callcott, Wilfred H., "Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez De,''Handbook of Texas Online'' Retrieved 18 April 2017. often known as Santa Anna, wa ...

attempted to defeat the opposing forces near Xalapa in the

Battle of Cerro Gordo The Battle of Cerro Gordo, or Battle of Sierra Gordo, was an engagement in the Mexican–American War on April 18, 1847. The battle saw Winfield Scott's United States troops outflank Antonio López de Santa Anna's larger Mexican army, driving ...

. He led an army of more than 12,000 soldiers. Mexican troops suffered many casualties; around a thousand were killed and three thousand wounded on 18 April 1847. The US invaders occupied the city the following day. Among them was Lt.

Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822July 23, 1885) was the 18th president of the United States, serving from 1869 to 1877. In 1865, as Commanding General of the United States Army, commanding general, Grant led the Uni ...

, later the commanding general of the Union armies in the

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...

. Grant's letters call Jalapa "decidedly the most beautiful place I ever saw in my life" and its climate "the best in the world." Nebel Mexican War 05 Battle of Cerro Gordo

Nebel Mexican War 05 Battle of Cerro Gordo

Xalapeños such as Ambrosio Alcalde and Antonio García fought hard to defend the city of Veracruz, but were taken prisoner. They were released and paroled, but after rejoining the fighting against the US, they were recaptured near

Teocelo Teocelo is a city and municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz, located 20 km from Jalapa-Enríquez on Federal Highway 180. It is bordered by: Ixhuacán, Xico, and Coatepec. The coffee Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted, g ...

, taken to Xalapa, sentenced to death and executed on 24 November 1847. Today these two men are remembered as martyrs. An obelisk commemorates their sacrifice, between San Jose Church and Alcalde Market, named for Ambrosio Alcalde. US forces marched on to capture Mexico City and departed after the

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo officially ended the Mexican–American War (1846–1848). It was signed on 2 February 1848 in the town of Villa de Guadalupe, Mexico City, Guadalupe Hidalgo. After the defeat of its army and the fall of the cap ...

. In November 1862 Xalapa was attacked in the French invasion; foreigners temporarily took control of the state capital. On 27 November 1867 the corpse of emperor

Maximilian I of Mexico Maximilian I (; ; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was an Austrian Empire, Austrian archduke who became Emperor of Mexico, emperor of the Second Mexican Empire from 10 April 1864 until his execution by the Restored Republic (Mexico), Mexican Republ ...

, who had been executed in

Querétaro Querétaro, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Querétaro, is one of the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Querétaro, 18 municipalities. Its capital city is Querétaro Cit ...

, arrived and was held in San José, attended by the priest José María y Daza, then transferred to Veracruz the following day. The remains were shipped back to

Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

for burial. In 1885 General

increased the influence of Xalapa when he moved some legislative authority from Orizaba to Xalapa, in accordance with a decree issued in June 1884 by provisional Governor Juan Manuel Fernández de Jáuregui. Enríquez and Swiss teacher

Enrique C. Rébsamen Enrique Conrado Rébsamen Egloff (1857-1904) was a Mexican educator born in Kreuzlingen, Switzerland on February 8, 1857, and whose educational reforms decisively influenced Mexico's current educational system. Rébsamen was the eldest son of ...

in 1886 founded the Normal School in Xalapa, the first school of this type in the country. Enríquez died in 1892, but the construction of the Normal School and founding of its other schools led to Xalapa becoming known as a center of learning, the "Athens of Veracruz". On 18 May 1911,

Francisco I. Madero Francisco Ignacio Madero González (; 30 October 1873 – 22 February 1913) was a Mexican businessman, revolutionary, writer and statesman, who served as the 37th president of Mexico from 1911 until he was deposed in a coup d'état in Februa ...

visited Xalapa. On 21 June of the same year a minor conflict occurred between federal forces and revolutionaries.

Geography

Climate

Xalapa features an

oceanic climate An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen climate classification, Köppen classification represented as ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of co ...

(Cfb) that borders on a

humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between ...

(Cfa) under the

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification divides Earth climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature. The five main groups are ''A'' (tropical), ''B'' (arid), ''C'' (te ...

. The climate in Xalapa is humid, but the city is relatively cool being located in the mountains over 1400 meters above sea level. The climate can be variable, having a maximum temperature of 38.4 °C and a minimum ranging from 0 °C to 10 °C, but on average the temperature does not fluctuate greatly all year round with an average annual temperature of 18 °C. The warmer season in Xalapa tends to fall between March and reaching a peak in May when the average high reaches 28 °C and low of 16 °C. The cooler season is late December, January and February with an average low of 11 °C and an average high of 21 °C. Travelers to Xalapa will generally find that the most comfortable weather occurs from the beginning of November to mid-April, although they would be well-advised to bring warm clothing, as nighttime winter temperatures can occasionally drop to near 0 °C. The average annual

precipitation In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, rain and snow mixed ("sleet" in Commonwe ...

is 1509.1 mm. During the cooler winter months rainfall is at a minimum, with Xalapa receiving only 42 millimeters in January and 38 millimetres in February on average. Snow, however, is common in winter outside the city at Perote, located around 35 minutes from Xalapa. Very early in the morning, Xalapa often has a mist, giving it a characteristic mountain atmosphere. The greatest rainfall occurs during the summer months, particularly in June, when on average rainfall reaches 328 millimeters, remaining relatively high until mid-September.

The municipality

Xalapa is situated in eastern-central Mexico, approximately northwest of

Veracruz city Veracruz (), also known as Heroica Veracruz, is a major port city and municipal seat for the surrounding municipalities of Mexico, municipality of Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico and the most populous city in the Mexico, Mexican States of Mexico, ...

. and roughly 350 kilometres from

Mexico City Mexico City is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Mexico, largest city of Mexico, as well as the List of North American cities by population, most populous city in North America. It is one of the most important cultural and finan ...

. The municipality of Xalapa has an area of 118.45 square kilometres which comprises 0.16% of Veracruz state. It borders to the north with Banderilla, Jilotepec and

Naolinco Naolinco is a small city in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is named after Guadalupe Victoria, also known as Naolinco de Victoria. It is on Federal Highways 190 and 180. It has borders with Xalapa, Acatlán, Tepetlán Tepetlán is a mun ...

, to the east with Actopan and

Emiliano Zapata Emiliano Zapata Salazar (; 8 August 1879 – 10 April 1919) was a Mexican revolutionary. He was a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution of 1910–1920, the main leader of the people's revolution in the Mexican state of Morelos, and the insp ...

, to the south with Coatepec and the west with Tlalnelhuayocan. Naolinco Volcanic Field

Situated east, about away along Mexican Federal Highway 140 is the

Cofre de Perote National Park Cofre de Perote, also known by its Nahuatl names Naupa-Tecutépetl (from ''Nāuhpa-Tēuctēpetl'') and Nauhcampatépetl, both meaning something like "Place of Four Mountains" or "Mountain of the Lord of Four Places", is an inactive volcano locate ...

. The park covers an area of , and consists of mainly forested mountains and hills. Its highest point of Cerro de Macuiltépetl rises 1522 metres above sea level. Other hills of prominence include the Cerro de Acalotépetl and the Cerro Colorado. From Xalapa you can also see the

Pico de Orizaba Citlaltépetl (from Nahuan languages, Náhuatl = star, and = mountain), otherwise known as Pico de Orizaba, is an active volcano, the highest mountain in Mexico and Table of the highest major summits of North America, third highest in North Ame ...

, the highest peak in Mexico (5,366m or 18,490 feet). It is also the third highest peak in North America. Hydrographically, there are numerous streams and springs which are in the area around the city. These include the rivers: Sedeño River, Carneros River, Sordo River, Santiago River, Zapotillo River,

Castillo River Castillo River is a river of eastern Mexico. It flows through the municipality of Xalapa, in the state of Veracruz Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, ...

and the Coapexpan River, 3 artificial lakes and the springs Chiltoyac, Ánimas, Xallitic, Techacapan and Tlalnecapan. Jalcomulco is located southeast of Xalapa which has numerous natural features, such as the mouth of the Pescados River.

Cascada de Texolo Cascada de Texolo is a waterfall of eastern Mexico. It is located south of the town of Xico, in the state of Veracruz, and approximately from Xalapa city. The waterfall is roughly high. There is a bridge over the gorge connecting the dense w ...

(Texolo Waterfall) is located southwest of Xalapa, in the town of Xico. It is an waterfall that drops into a lush canyon, home to numerous animal species.

Demographics

With a population of 443,063 inhabitants in Xalapa City and 488,531 inhabitants in the municipality as 2020, Xalapa is the second biggest city and municipality in terms of population in Veracruz. There are 63 localities, 6 classified as urban and 57 classified as rural, besides Xalapa-Enríquez, other localities includes Santa Bárbara (13,783 hab.), El Castillo (6,957 hab.), Lomas Verdes (6,502 hab.) and Las Fuentes (3,614 hab.). 6,542 are classified as living in indigenous homes, 2,673 of which speak an indigenous language. Xalapa is the core of a metropolitan area, which together with the municipalities of Banderilla, Coatepec,

Coacoatzintla Coacoatzintla in a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located in the mountainous central zone of the state, about 11.5 km from the state capital Xalapa. It has a surface of 43.9 km2. It is located at . Geography The munic ...

, Jilotepec, Rafael Lucio, Tlalnelhuayocan and Xico had a population of 789,157 inhabitants as 2020, the second biggest metro area in the state after

Economy

Xalapa is often called the "Flower Garden of Mexico" and flowers play an important role in the economy. Xalapa is one of the most important places for

coffee production in Mexico The coffee production in Mexico is the world's 8th largest with 252,000 tonnes produced in 2009, and is mainly concentrated to the south central to southern regions of the country. The coffee is mainly arabica, which grows particularly well in t ...

due to its ideal climate, and coffee beans are grown on both small holdings and large estates in the surrounding mountains. The tobacco industry also forms a part of the local economy with the process of producing cigarettes, and the growing of

tropical fruits There are many fruits that typically grow in warm tropical climates or equatorial areas. Tropical fruits Varieties of tropical fruit include: * Abiu * Açaí * Acerola (West Indian cherry; Barbados cherry) * Achachairú (Bolivian mangosteen; ...

. Processed foods and beverages are also produced in Xalapa. Many people in Xalapa are employed by the government, since it is the state capital. Xalapa is also the head one of the five regional sections of the Tribunal Electoral (a level below the Supreme Court). This area encompasses 7 states:

Campeche Campeche, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Campeche, is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, make up the Administrative divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. Located in southeast Mexico, it is bordered by the sta ...

Chiapas Chiapas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas, is one of the states that make up the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. It comprises Municipalities of Chiapas, 124 municipalities and its capital and large ...

Oaxaca Oaxaca, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca, is one of the 32 states that compose the political divisions of Mexico, Federative Entities of the Mexico, United Mexican States. It is divided into municipalities of Oaxaca, 570 munici ...

Quintana Roo Quintana Roo, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Quintana Roo, is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, constitute the 32 administrative divisions of Mexico, federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into municipalities of ...

Tabasco Tabasco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tabasco, is one of the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Tabasco, 17 municipalities and its capital city is Villahermosa. It i ...

and

Yucatán Yucatán, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Yucatán, is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, constitute the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It comprises 106 separate municipalities, and its capital city is Mérida. ...

. The other regional seats are

Toluca Toluca , officially Toluca de Lerdo , is the States of Mexico, state capital of the State of Mexico as well as the seat of the Municipality of Toluca. Toluca has a population of 910,608 as of the 2020 census. The city forms the core of the Grea ...

Monterrey Monterrey (, , abbreviated as MtY) is the capital and largest city of the northeastern Mexican state of Nuevo León. It is the ninth-largest city and the second largest metropolitan area, after Greater Mexico City. Located at the foothills of th ...

and

Guadalajara Guadalajara ( ; ) is the capital and the most populous city in the western Mexican List of states of Mexico, state of Jalisco, as well as the most densely populated municipality in Jalisco. According to the 2020 census, the city has a population ...

The city is a thriving center for commerce and many multinational companies have large retail stores and franchise restaurants in the city. Xalapa also has a number of cinemas, some of them of substantial size, such as the Cinepolis Museum (10 screens), Cinepolis the Americas (16 screens), and other cinemas, such as XTreme Cinemas in Crystal and Cinetix in Plaza Animas, which is a local movie theater. There are also several retail malls in Xalapa: Plaza Crystal, Plaza Museo, Plaza Animas (L.A. Fashion), Plaza Américas, and Plaza los Arcos. The supermarket chain

Chedraui Chedraui (Chedraui Group) is a publicly traded Mexican grocery store and department store chain which also operates stores in the U.S. in the states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Nevada under the banner name El Super and stores ...

is based in Xalapa. Employment structure in Xalapa in 2005:

Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plant The Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plant (LVNPP) is located on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, in Alto Lucero, Veracruz, Mexico. It is the only nuclear power, nuclear power plant in Mexico and produces about 4.5% of the country's electrical energy ...

(LVNPP) in nearby Alto Lucero, Veracruz, produces about 4.5% of Mexico's electrical energy.

Culture

Xalapa is known as the "Athens of Veracruz" because of the strong cultural influence of its major university,

Universidad Veracruzana Veracruzana University () is a public autonomous university located in the Mexican state of Veracruz. Established in 1944, the university is one of the most important in the southeast region of México. Its academic organization is a structure ...

(the main public university in the State of Veracruz). General Enriquez is known for policies encouraging the educational system in Xalapa. Culturally, Xalapa has a wide variety of events associated with its theatres, museums, and street art. Many musicians and dancers frequently perform in the center in the nights, especially on special occasions and events of celebration or commemoration; they often dance the

fandango Fandango is a lively partner dance originating in Portugal and Spain, usually in triple metre, triple meter, traditionally accompanied by guitars, castanets, tambourine or hand-clapping. Fandango can both be sung and danced. Sung fandango is u ...

. Art has a keen following in Xalapa. The gallery, '' Pinacoteca Diego Rivera,'' located near the City Hall and

Parque Juárez Parque Juárez is a public park in the city of Xalapa, in the state of Veracruz in eastern Mexico. It was inaugurated in 1892 and named in honor of Benito Juárez, 20 years after his death. The park is located in central Xalapa with a terrace-li ...

in downtown, has the most numerous collection of

Diego Rivera Diego Rivera (; December 8, 1886 – November 24, 1957) was a Mexican painter. His large frescoes helped establish the Mexican muralism, mural movement in Mexican art, Mexican and international art. Between 1922 and 1953, Rivera painted mural ...

's paintings in all of Mexico.

Holidays

Feast day of San José, Feast of Santiago Apostle, Feast of the Immaculate Heart of Jesus, Conception of Maria, and Expo-Fair International are all celebrated in the city. An important religious holiday is on 8 December, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, celebrating Mary the Mother of God patroness of the city. On 24 October San Rafael Guizar and Valencia are celebrated, with thousands of people from all over Mexico visiting their tomb that is in a chapel within the cathedral. The cathedral remains open all night and day during this event.

Cuisine

Xalapa is the place of origin of the famous

jalapeño The jalapeño ( , , ) is a medium-sized chili pepper Fruit, pod type cultivar of the species ''Capsicum annuum''. A mature jalapeño chili is long and wide, and hangs down from the plant. The pungency of jalapeño peppers varies, but is usual ...

peppers. Dishes made with maize: , ,

pasties Pasties (singular pasty or pastie) are patches that cover a person's nipples and areolae, typically self-adhesive or affixed with adhesive. They are usually worn in pairs. They originated as part of burlesque shows, allowing dancers to perform ...

, , and chicken are common. The desserts that are consumed in the region are typically sweet such as cake and and craft candies like

candied fruit Candied fruit, also known as glacé fruit, is whole fruit, smaller pieces of fruit, or pieces of peel (fruit), peel, placed in heated sugar syrup, which absorbs the moisture from within the fruit and eventually Food preservation, preserves it. ...

, and .

Notable city landmarks

* The

is a mix of

Baroque The Baroque ( , , ) is a Western Style (visual arts), style of Baroque architecture, architecture, Baroque music, music, Baroque dance, dance, Baroque painting, painting, Baroque sculpture, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from ...

and

Neo-Gothic Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic or neo-Gothic) is an architectural movement that after a gradual build-up beginning in the second half of the 17th century became a widespread movement in the first half of the 19th century ...

design built in 1773. It has a clock tower, the clock is originally from England. *

Callejón Diamante Callejón is Spanish for "alley" or "side street", and may refer to: Surname *Eduardo Propper de Callejón (1895–1972), Spanish diplomat who helped Jews flee from Occupied France during World War 2 * José María Callejón (born 1987), Spanish f ...

(lit. Diamond Alley) is one of the more crowded streets at night because of its Bohemian atmosphere with cafes and an artists' colony. Callejón Jesús te Ampare is a

cobblestone Cobblestone is a natural building material based on Cobble (geology), cobble-sized stones, and is used for Road surface, pavement roads, streets, and buildings. Sett (paving), Setts, also called ''Belgian blocks'', are often referred to as " ...

street next to the Church of San José. *

Patio Muñoz Patio Muñóz is a neighborhood of the city of Xalapa in the state of Veracruz in eastern Mexico. The neighborhood is known for its lively performances featuring musicians and dancers and other forms of artistic display. Fandango Fandango is ...

is a neighborhood built in the 19th century, with most of the original buildings intact. Here are held workshops in Veracruz-style painting, dance and music. *

is a park in central Xalapa. Parque Juárez was the location of the Monastery of San Francisco. It is located among the four oldest neighborhoods of the city. Its central garden features enormous monkey puzzle trees, art gallerys, an agora, workshops, an auditorium and a café. * The

Jardín de Esculturas Jardín de Esculturas is a museum in the city of Xalapa, in the state of Veracruz in eastern Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the ...

(Sculpture Garden) is a museum dedicated to sculpture, exhibiting works by nationally and internationally recognized artists. * The Kaná, Museo de Ciencia y Tecnología (Technology and Science Museo) features a planetarium with an

IMAX IMAX is a proprietary system of High-definition video, high-resolution cameras, film formats, film projectors, and movie theater, theaters known for having very large screens with a tall aspect ratio (image), aspect ratio (approximately ei ...

screen, showing educational documentaries. * In the Paseo de los Lagos, there used to be an ancient dam. Today it has footpaths surrounded by leafy trees, circling three lakes and a fresh-water spring. * The

Parque de los Tecajetes Parque de los Tecajetes is a park in the city of Xalapa, in the state of Veracruz in eastern Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the ...

is in a natural depression or ravine of the same name in the center of the city. Underneath is a fresh-water spring that feeds the aqueducts, artificial pools and canals of the park. * The

Xalapa Museum of Anthropology The Xalapa Museum of Anthropology (; ''MAX'') is an anthropological museum in the city of Xalapa, capital of the state of Veracruz in eastern Mexico. It is known for its collection of artifacts from Mesoamerican Gulf Coast cultures such as the ...

houses the largest collection of artifacts from Mexican Gulf Coast cultures such as the

Olmec The Olmecs () or Olmec were an early known major Mesoamerican civilization, flourishing in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco from roughly 1200 to 400 Before the Common Era, BCE during Mesoamerica's Mesoamerican chronolog ...

, the

Huastec Huastec can refer to either: *Huastec people, an indigenous group of Mexico *Huastec language (also called "Wasteko" and "Teenek"), spoken by the Huastec people * Huastec civilization, the pre-Columbian ancestors of the modern day Huastec people ...

and the

with more than 25,000 pieces. The most notable pieces in the museum are the giant Olmec heads and the smaller Totonac ones. Some of the pieces in the museum date back to the Early Pre-Classic Period from 1300 BC −900 BC. * Nearby is the

Hacienda del Lencero The Hacienda del Lencero is a Spanish Colonial architecture era building and gardens located near of Xalapa city, in the state of Veracruz in eastern Mexico. The house dates back to 1525 and takes its name from Juan Lencero, a soldier of Hernán ...

Its first owner was Juan Lencero, a soldier of

. In 1842 it was purchased by

for 45,000 pesos. Today, it is a museum which displays furniture and personal belongings dating from the 19th century. It also has a chapel, spacious gardens and a lake surrounding the property which include a sculpture by

Gabriela Mistral Lucila Godoy Alcayaga (; 7 April 1889 – 10 January 1957), known by her pseudonym Gabriela Mistral (), was a Chilean poet-diplomat, educator, and Catholic. She was a member of the Secular Franciscan Order or Third Franciscan order. She was ...

who spent time there while in exile. * The Jardín Botánico Clavijero (Clavijero Botanical Garden) has an important collection of regional plants with sections dedicated to Mexican ornamental flowers, reconstructed mountain environments in Xalapa, ferns and the most extensive variety of pines in Mexico.

Parks and gardens

* Jardín Botánico de Xalapa * Parque Juárez * Parque Los Berros * Parque Ecológico "Cerro del Macuiltépec" * Paseo de Los Lagos * Parque Ecológico "El Haya" * Parque "Natura" * Jardines de la Universidad Veracruzana * Parque "Tejar Garnica" * Jardín de las Esculturas * Parque Ecológico de Los Tecajetes * Parque María Enriqueta * Parque Revolución * Parque Bicentenario * Stadium Xalapeño

Museums

* Museo Casa de Xalapa * Kaná, Museo de Ciencia y Tecnología * Museo del Transporte. Carr. *

* Museo del Bombero. * Museo de la fauna.

Galleries

* Casa de las Artesanías * Galería "Ramón Alba de la Canal" * Agora de la Ciudad * Pinacoteca Diego Rivera * Galería de Arte Contemporáneo * Galería del Centro Recreativo Xalapeño * Galería Domínguez y Buis * Galeria Marie Louise Ferrari *

Theatres and auditoriums

* Teatro del Estado * Sala de Conciertos de la Orquesta Sinfónica de Xalapa * Teatro J. J. Herrera * Teatro La Caja * Auditorio de la Benemérita Escuela Normal Veracruzana

Sport

Xalapa is home to the

Halcones UV Xalapa Halcones de Xalapa (in English: Xalapa Falcons) is a basketball club based in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico that plays in the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional (LNBP). Their home games are played at Gimnasio Universitario de la Unidad Deportiva. H ...

, a very successful professional basketball team. They play in the LNBP * The team was created in 2003 and placed 3rd in the LNBP * In 2004 they were champions of the south division, and got second overall in the LNBP * In 2005 they were champions of the south division and champions of the LNBP * In 2006 they were champions of the south division, and got second in the LNBP. They also placed second in the Copa Independencia LNBP * In 2007 – 2008 they were champions of the south division and champions of the LNBP * In 2008 – 2009 they were champions of the south division and champions of the LNBP. They also placed second in the

FIBA The International Basketball Federation (FIBA ; French language, French: ) is an association of national organizations which governs the sport of basketball worldwide. FIBA defines the rules of basketball, specifies the Basketball equipment ...

de las Americas. Xalapa also has many sporting facilities. As of 2005, the city has 25 soccer fields, 95 volleyball fields, 95 basketball courts, 36 baseball fields, and 29 multiple-use fields. Also, the city has 12 gymnasiums, 7 parks, and the notable Heriberto Jara Corona Stadium, inaugurated 1921–1925. Sportspeople of note hailing from Xalapa include Armando Fernández (an Olympic

wrestler Wrestling is a martial art, combat sport, and form of entertainment that involves grappling with an opponent and striving to obtain a position of advantage through different throws or techniques, within a given ruleset. Wrestling involves diffe ...

Eulalio Ríos Alemán Eulalio Ríos Alemán (21 January 1935 – c. 1980) was a Mexican Olympic swimmer. Family He was born to a low-income family in a small town in the state of Veracruz, and from a young age he trained to swim against the current of a brook tha ...

(an Olympic swimmer and at some time butterfly-stroke record holder in the US, inducted into the Ft. Lauderdale's International Swimming Hall of Fame), and the

track and field Track and field (or athletics in British English) is a sport that includes Competition#Sports, athletic contests based on running, jumping, and throwing skills. The name used in North America is derived from where the sport takes place, a ru ...

athlete Luis Hernández. Every four years the Central American Games take place in cities all over Central America and the Caribbean. In 2012 Veracruz was chosen to host these games in 2014. Several events took place in Xalapa. The Track Cycling was held in the Velodrome, the Modern Pentathlon Swimming took place in the University Swimming Pool, the Athletics trials in the Hilberto Jara Corona Stadium, and Badminton and Table Tennis in the Omega Complex. All of this brought recognition in the sports world to Xalapa. The Cuban athlete Sandra Mustelier, a member of the table tennis team, decided to flee the hotel where her team was staying two days before the opening of the Central American Games in Veracruz. The 28-year-old athlete did not collect her accreditation in Veracruz, a situation for which her teammates located her immediately by phone. When contacted, Mustelier herself informed her team of her defection. No investigation was undertaken by the Mexican authorities regarding this situation. Mustelier was considered to be a strong contender to win medals in table tennis.

Transportation

The city is connected by the 140-D Highway with the cities of Veracruz, Puebla and Mexico City. Also the 140 Road provides a link between those cities. Several bus companies are based in Xalapa including

Servicio Urbano de Xalapa Servicio Urbano de Xalapa is a bus company operating in the city of Xalapa, Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to ...

(SUX); Auto-Transportes Banderilla (ATB); the yellow and green sets of Interbus, Auto-Transportes Miradores Del Mar; and Transportes Rápidos de Veracruz (TRV) amongst many others. The city of Xalapa is served by a small airport, El Lencero Airport, located 15 minutes by road from the city. It is currently not served by any commercial airline.

Healthcare

The public institutions of the health sector that provide services are: * Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social IMSS, * Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado

ISSSTE The Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers or Civil Service Social Security and Services Institute (, ISSSTE) is a federal agency in Mexico that administers part of Mexico's health care and social security systems for fe ...

, * Centro de Alta Especialidad CAE (anteriormente Centro de Especialidades Médicas

CEM Cem Sultan (1459–1495) was a prince of the Ottoman Empire. Cem or CEM may also refer to: Colleges * College of Eastern Medicine, a branch of Southern California University of Health Sciences, in Los Angeles, California, US * College of Eme ...

), * Petróleos Mexicanos

PEMEX Pemex (a portmanteau of Petróleos Mexicanos, which translates to ''Mexican Petroleum'' in English; ) is the Mexico, Mexican State ownership, state-owned Petroleum industry, petroleum corporation managed and operated by the government of Mexico, ...

, * Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional SDN * Secretaría de Salud de Veracruz SESVER, * Centro de Rehabilitación y Educación Especial de Veracruz CREEVER, * Sistema para el Desarrollo Integral de la Familia DIF. In the private sector the municipality counts on important medical establishments such as: * Sanatorio San Francisco, * Clínica del American Hospital, * Clínica de especialidades Las Palmas, * Vital Clínica Hospital, * Cruz Roja Mexicana, * Centro Médico de Xalapa, * Clínica Millenium * Hospital Ángeles.

Education

Universities

Universidad Anáhuac The Anahuac University Network is a private universities system grouped and administered by the religious congregation of the Legion of Christ. The network is composed of several universities, some with different names and educational approache ...

* Universidad Atenas Veracruzana * Universidad de América Latina * Benemérita Escuela Normal Veracruzana "Enrique C. Rébsamen" * Universidad Cálmecac * Instituto Culinario de Xalapa * Centro de Estudios Superiores Hispano-Anglo-Francés * Universidad CLAES *

El Colegio de Veracruz The El Colegio de Veracruz (Colver) is a college in the city of Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United ...

* Universidad IVES * Escuela Libre de Ciencias Políticas y Administración Pública de Ote. * Escuela de Diseño de Modas Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz * Universidad Eurohispanoamericana * Universidad Gestalt * Universidad del Golfo de México, Campus Xalapa * Universidad Hernán Cortés * Instituto de Estudios Superiores Morelos *

Universidad Metropolitana Xalapa The Universidad Metropolitana Xalapa is a university in the city of Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United ...

* Instituto Superior de Música del Estado de Veracruz *

Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Xalapa The Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Xalapa is a university in the city of Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders ...

* Tecnológico de Xalapa * Universidad Paccioli Xalapa * Universidad Pedagógica Veracruzana * Universidad Filadelfia *

* Universidad de Xalapa

Media

Newspaper

Notable newspapers produced or circulated in Xalapa include www.Xalapa.MX ''Diario de Xalapa'', ''Diario AZ'', ''Diario el Portal de Xalapa'', ''Diario la Opinión'', ''Periódico Marcha'', ''Periódico Al Calor Político'', ''Periódico Agronómica'', ''Milenio'' and the ''Líder''. As well, important agency of news on line, like RadioVer www.radiover.com and magazine Revista Era www.revistaera.com t

Radio

The city is served by numerous radio stations including: FM: * 90.5 Radio de la Universidad Veracruzana * 91.7 Amor (Grupo Acir) * 95.5 Sensación HD (Oliva Radio) * 96.9 Digital 96.9 (AvanRadio) * 97.7 La Máquina (AvanRadio) * 98.5 ONE FM (AvanRadio) * 104.9 El Patron FM (Oliva Radio) * 107.7 Radio Más (Radio-Televisión de Veracruz) AM: * 550 W Radio (AvanRadio) * 610 Ke Buena (AvanRadio) * 1040 OK Radio (AvanRadio) * 1130 Yo FM 1130 AM(Grupo Radio Capital) * 1210 El Patrón (Oliva Radio) * 1460 ABC Xalapa Radio (Grupo ABC) * 1550 Radio Universidad Veracruzana

Television

Television channels include: * XHGV-TV channel 4 – RTV * XHAJ-TV channel 5 –

Televisa Regional Televisa Regional is a unit of Grupo Televisa which owns and operates television stations across Mexico. The stations rebroadcast programming from its subsidiary TelevisaUnivision's other networks, and they engage in the local production of newsca ...

XHAH-TV Las Estrellas () is a Mexican television network owned by TelevisaUnivision. Its first official broadcast took place on 21 March 1951. It airs free-to-air through affiliate stations throughout Mexico, based on XEW-TDT in Mexico City. It is co ...

channel 7 –

Canal de las Estrellas Las Estrellas () is a Mexican television network owned by TelevisaUnivision. Its first official broadcast took place on 21 March 1951. It airs free-to-air through affiliate stations throughout Mexico, based on XEW-TDT in Mexico City. It is co ...

XHAI-TV Canal 5 is a Mexican free-to-air television network owned by TelevisaUnivision. It traces its origins to the foundation of Channel 5 in Mexico City in 1952 (also known by its identification code XHGC-TDT). Canal 5's program lineup is generally t ...

channel 9 – Canal 5 * XHCPE-TV channel 11 –

Azteca 7 Azteca 7 (also called El Siete) is a Mexican network owned by TV Azteca, with more than 100 main transmitters all over Mexico. Azteca 7 is available on all cable and satellite systems. Azteca 7 broadcasts entertainment series, movies, and sp ...

* XHIC-TV channel 13 –

Azteca 13 Azteca Uno (formerly Azteca Trece) is a Mexican national broadcast television network owned by TV Azteca, with more than 100 transmitters across the country. Azteca Uno broadcasts on virtual channel 1. Azteca Uno programming is available in M ...

XHCLV-TV Nueve (English: Nine) (stylized Nu9ve) is a Mexican free-to-air television network owned by TelevisaUnivision. The primary station and network namesake is Channel 9 of Mexico City (also known by its call sign XEQ-TDT), though the network has n ...

channel 22 –

Galavisión Galavisión is an American Spanish-language pay television network owned by TelevisaUnivision. The network is unrelated to the earlier Mexican channel of the same name, though both broadcast Televisa-produced programming. As of February 20 ...

Cable services include: *

Megacable Megacable Holdings S. A. B. de C.V., doing business as Megacable Comunicaciones, is a Mexican cable operator and provider of internet and phone service. It has its headquarters in, Guadalajara, Jalisco.Sky The sky is an unobstructed view upward from the planetary surface, surface of the Earth. It includes the atmosphere of Earth, atmosphere and outer space. It may also be considered a place between the ground and outer space, thus distinct from ...

(Satellite TV) *

Dish Network DISH Network L.L.C., often referred to as DISH, an abbreviation for Digital Sky Highway, is an American provider of satellite television and IPTV services and wholly owned subsidiary of EchoStar Corporation. The company was originally establ ...

(Satellite TV)

Notable people from Xalapa

Politicians

* Francisco Javier Echeverría *

Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada y Corral (; 24 April 1823 – 21 April 1889) was a Mexican liberal politician and jurist who served as the 31st president of Mexico from 1872 to 1876. A successor to Benito Juárez, who died in office in July 1872, ...

José Joaquín de Herrera José Joaquín Antonio Florencio de Herrera y Ricardos (February 23, 1792 – February 10, 1854) was a Mexican statesman who served as president of Mexico three times (1844, 1844–1845 and 1848–1851), and as a general in the Mexican Army d ...

* José Luis Oliva Meza *

Francisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos Francisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos (June 9, 1760, Ciénega del Rincón, New Spain – October 4, 1808, Mexico City, New Spain) was a Novohispanic lawyer and politician and a proponent of Mexican independence from Spain. He was imprisoned by th ...

* Marco Antonio Muñoz Turnbull

Writers

* Sergio Armin Vásquez Muñoz *

Alicia Bazarte Martínez Alicia may refer to: People * Alicia (given name), list of people with this name * Alisha (singer) (born 1968), US pop singer * Melinda Padovano (born 1987), a professional wrestler, known by her ring name, Alicia Places * Alicia, Bohol, Phil ...

* Carlos Manuel Cruz Meza * Juan Díaz Covarrubias * Jorge Lobillo *

Francisco Morosini Francisco is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the masculine given name ''Franciscus''. Meaning of the name Francisco In Spanish, people with the name Francisco are sometimes nicknamed " Paco". San Francisco de Asís was known as ''Pater Comm ...

* José María Roa Bárcena *

Raquel Torres Cerdán Raquel Torres Cerdán, also Raquel Torres (born 19 November 1948) is a Mexican anthropologist and restaurateur, who has worked to record, preserve and showcase the cuisines of the indigenous peoples of Veracruz, through her restaurants and food ...

* Julio Zarate

Educators

* Sinforosa Amador (1788–1841) *

Soledad Ramos Enríquez Soledad, Spanish for "solitude", often refers to María de la Soledad (Our Lady of Solitude), a title of Mary the mother of Jesus in Roman Catholic tradition and a form of devotion. Soledad may refer to: People * Chalon people or Soledad, a Nati ...

Guillermo Fernández de la Garza Guillermo () is the Spanish form of the male given name William. The name is also commonly shortened to 'Guille' or, in Latin America, to nickname 'Memo'. People * Guillermo Amador (born 1974), American musician * Guillermo Amor (born 1967), Span ...

Athletes

* Barbara Bonola - Triathlete *

Martha Ángelica Blanco Martha (Aramaic: מָרְתָא‎) is a biblical figure described in the Gospels of Luke and John. Together with her siblings Lazarus and Mary of Bethany, she is described as living in the village of Bethany near Jerusalem and witnessing Jesus ...

- Javelin throw * Silvia García Ramírez - Judo * Marcela García Ramírez - Judo * Armando Fernández - Wrestler *

Alejandro Fernández Ávila Alejandro is the Spanish language, Spanish form of the name Alexander. Alejandro has multiple variations in different languages, including Aleksander (Czech language, Czech, Polish language, Polish), Alexandre (French language, French), Alexandro ...

- Shooting sport * Luis Hernández - Athletics, 10,000 meters *

- Swimmer

Artists

* Villalobos Brothers – composers, violinists *

Gabriel Orozco Gabriel Orozco (born April 27, 1962) is a Mexican artist. He gained his reputation in the early 1990s for his exploration of drawing, photography, sculpture and installation. In 1998, Francesco Bonami called Orozco "one of the most influentia ...

– artist *

Son de Madera Son de Madera is a '' son jarocho'' band based in Veracruz, Mexico. Its core members are Ramón Gutiérrez Hernández, Tereso Vega, and Rubí Oseguera Rueda. The band was founded in 1992 by Ramón Gutiérrez and Laura Rebolloso. Personnel Gutiér ...

– musical group *

Rey Alejandro Conde Rey Alejandro Conde Valdivia is a Mexican conductor who has conducted the Orquesta Sinfónica de Xalapa (OSX) since 1977. He is a native of Xalapa, Veracruz. His discography has over 300 recordings. Born in the 'court of The Pearl', a no longe ...

– conductor * Javier Camarena – opera singer

Doctors

* Rafael Lucio

Benefactors

* William K. Boone

Sister cities

Covina Covina (Help:IPA/English, /koviːnə/) is a city in the San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County, California, United States, about east of downtown Los Angeles The population was 51,268 according to the 2020 United States census, 2020 ...

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

, United States * La Antigua,

Guatemalan Highlands The Guatemalan Highlands is an upland region in southern Guatemala which lies between the Sierra Madre de Chiapas to the south and the Petén lowlands to the north. Geographic description The Highlands lie between 6360 ft and 13780 ft and are ...

, Guatemala * Matamoros,

Tamaulipas Tamaulipas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tamaulipas, is a state in Mexico; one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into 43 municipalities. It is located in nor ...

, Mexico *

Omaha Omaha ( ) is the List of cities in Nebraska, most populous city in the U.S. state of Nebraska. It is located in the Midwestern United States along the Missouri River, about north of the mouth of the Platte River. The nation's List of United S ...

Nebraska Nebraska ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Ka ...

, United States *

Puebla Puebla, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Puebla, is one of the 31 states that, along with Mexico City, comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 217 municipalities and its capital is Puebla City. Part of east-centr ...

, Mexico *

State of Mexico The State of Mexico, officially just Mexico, is one of the 32 federal entities of the United Mexican States. Colloquially known as Edomex (from , the abbreviation of , and ), to distinguish it from the name of the whole country, it is the mo ...

, Mexico *

Torreón Torreón () is a city and seat of Torreón Municipality in the Mexico, Mexican States of Mexico, state of Coahuila. The city's population is 720,848 inhabitants, making it the second largest city in the state of Coahuila. Also Torreón is par ...

, Coahuila, Mexico *

, Mexico

Notes

References

External links

*
Ayuntamiento de Xalapa
Official website *
La Universidad Veracruzana
{{Authority control Capitals of states of Mexico Cities in Mexico Populated places in Veracruz Aztec sites Totonac 1313 establishments Populated places established in the 1310s 14th-century establishments in North America

Etymology

History

Geography

Climate

The municipality

Demographics

Economy

Culture

Holidays

Cuisine

Notable city landmarks

Parks and gardens

Museums

Galleries

Theatres and auditoriums

Sport

Transportation

Healthcare

Education

Universities

Media

Newspaper

Radio

Television

Notable people from Xalapa

Politicians

Writers

Educators

Athletes

Artists

Doctors

Benefactors

Sister cities

Notes

References

Further reading

External links