Ice IX is a form of solid
water
Water (chemical formula ) is an inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as ...
stable at temperatures below 140
K or -133.15
C and pressures between 200 and 400
MPa
MPA or mPa may refer to:
Academia
Academic degrees
* Master of Performing Arts
* Master of Professional Accountancy
* Master of Public Administration
* Master of Public Affairs
Schools
* Mesa Preparatory Academy
* Morgan Park Academy
* Mo ...
. It has a
tetragonal
In crystallography, the tetragonal crystal system is one of the 7 crystal systems. Tetragonal crystal lattices result from stretching a cubic lattice along one of its lattice vectors, so that the cube becomes a rectangular prism with a squar ...
crystal
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. In addition, macr ...
lattice and a density of 1.16 g/cm
3, 26% higher than ordinary ice. It is formed by cooling
ice III
Ice III is a form of solid matter which consists of tetragonal crystalline ice, formed by cooling water down to at . It is the least dense of the high-pressure water phases, with a density of (at 350 MPa). It has a very high relative permitt ...
from 208 K to 165 K (rapidly—to avoid forming
ice II
Ice II is a rhombohedral crystalline form of ice with a highly ordered structure. It is formed from ice Ih by compressing it at a temperature of 198 K at 300 MPa or by decompressing ice V. When heated it undergoes transformation to ice III. O ...
). Its structure is identical to ice III other than being hydrogen-ordered.
Ordinary
water ice Water ice could refer to:
*Ice formed by water (as opposed to other substances)
*The alternate term for various similar frozen fruit-flavoured desserts:
**Italian ice primarily in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley
**Sorbet
Sorbet (), also c ...
is known as
ice Ih in the
Bridgman Bridgman is a surname, and may refer to:
* David Bridgman, Australian architect
* Elijah Coleman Bridgman (1801–1861), American missionary in China
* Frederick Arthur Bridgman (1847-1928), American artist
* George Bridgman (1865-1943), anatomist ...
nomenclature. Different types of ice, from
ice II
Ice II is a rhombohedral crystalline form of ice with a highly ordered structure. It is formed from ice Ih by compressing it at a temperature of 198 K at 300 MPa or by decompressing ice V. When heated it undergoes transformation to ice III. O ...
to ice XIX, have been created in the laboratory at different temperatures and pressures.
See also
*
Ice
Ice is water frozen into a solid state, typically forming at or below temperatures of 0 degrees Celsius or Depending on the presence of impurities such as particles of soil or bubbles of air, it can appear transparent or a more or less opaq ...
, for other crystalline forms of ice.
References
* Bridgman, P. W. (1937) J. Chem. Phys. 5, 964.
*
External links
London South Bank University Report
{{inorganic-compound-stub
Water ice