Horodenka

Horodenka (, ; , occasionally '';'' ) is a city located in Kolomyia Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, in Western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Horodenka urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: In 2001 the population was around 9,800.

Geography

The city is located near Dniester river, its upper stream section, and in area where three historical regions meet, Pokuttia (Angled land), Bucovina (Beech woodland), and Podolia (Lower land). Horodenka is also located near the foothills of Carpathian mountains which separate East European Plain from Pannonian Plain.

History

The first mention of Horodenka was in 1195, when it was described as a village in the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia inhabited by farmers and craftsmen. It was later part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1772. On the Ptolemy's world map, near the modern city of Horodenka, there is identified the city "Carrodunum" on Tyras (wagon city).

The 17th century saw a significant influx of Armenian immigrants to Horodenka. In 1706, a large Armenian Catholic church was erected in the town. In 1668 it became one of the Polish towns to be chartered under Magdeburg rights, through the use of a privilege known as "settlement with German law”.

From the First Partition of Poland in 1772 until 1918, the town was part of the Austrian monarchy (Austria side after the compromise of 1867), head of the district with the same name, one of the 78 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften'' in Austrian Galicia province (Crown land) in 1900. The fate of this province was then disputed between Poland and Ukraine, until the Peace of Riga in 1921.

In the period of the Second Polish Republic, it was a county capital within the Stanisławów Voivodeship.

Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the village was occupied by the Soviet Union until 1941, then by Nazi Germany until 1944, and re-occupied by the Soviet Union, which annexed it from Poland in 1945. The Jewish population of Horodenka, comprising about half of the town's population, were shot and killed in a mass grave by the Nazis. About a dozen Jews survived and formed a partisan combat unit which fought against the Nazis and hid in the forests. There is a synagogue in Salford, England named in honour of this community.

Until 18 July 2020, Horodenka was the administrative center of Horodenka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast to six. The area of Horodenka Raion was merged into Kolomyia Raion.

Notable people

* Ben Bonus, Yiddish theater actor and singer
* Nicholas Charnetsky (1884–1959), Ukrainian Catholic bishop and martyr.
* Kasper Cieglewicz, Polish poet and independence activist, one of the Ruthenian sobor organizers.
* Yuliya Dumanska, handball goalkeeper who plays for the Romanian national team since 2016.
* Jakob Edelstein, Elder of the Jews in Theresienstadt.
* Alfred Fiderkiewicz, political activist, mayor of Kraków, deputy to the Sejm in the interwar period.
* Salo Flohr, chess grandmaster.
* Alexander Granach (Jessaja Szajko Gronish), leading stage and film actor in Weimar Germany, died at 52 while establishing himself in Hollywood and on Broadway. Author of autobiography, There Goes an Actor ew edition: From the Shtetl to the Stage: the Odyssey of a Wandering Actor
* Seweryn Hammer, Polish scholar, professor of several universities.
* Elias Jubal (born as Benno Neumann 12.1.1901), theatre director and founder of the Kellertheater "Theater für 49" in Vienna.
*Dr. Wladimir Sylvester Kindraczuk (1882–1969), discoverer of ''Bacillus carpathicus'' in huslanka.
* Marie Ljalková, sniper in the Soviet army.
*Rabbi Nachman of Horodenka, a disciple of the Baal Shem Tov.
* Jan Stebnowski, Polish painter and publicist.
* Aleksander Topolski, soldier, architect, and writer, author of "Without Vodka".
* Dmytro Zipchen, Canadian politician.
* Ignaz Zloczower, Résistance Fighter (1876–1942)

References

Further reading

* Weiner, Miriam; Ukrainian State Archives (in cooperation with); Moldovan State Archives (in cooperation with) (1999)
"Town Clips: Gorodenka."
''Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories'' . Secaucus, NJ: Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation. p. 411. ISBY 978-0-96-565081-6. OCLC 607423469.

External links

Horodenka
in th
Encyclopedia of UkraineHorodenka
in th
JewishGen ShtetLinks projectPhotographs of Jewish sites in Horodenka
in th
Jewish History in Galicia and BukovinaThe Jewish Community of Gorodenka
The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot
Tour in Horodenka
*

Gorodenka
(pp. 411) at Miriam Weiner's Routes to Roots Foundation.

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Cities in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Cities of district significance in Ukraine
Holocaust locations in Ukraine
Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine