General Hayrullah Fişek (1885–1975) was a career officer in the

Ottoman Army The Military of the Ottoman Empire () was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire. It was founded in 1299 and dissolved in 1922. Army The Military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the years ...

and the

Turkish Army The Turkish Land Forces () is the main branch of the Turkish Armed Forces responsible for Army, land-based military operations. The army was formed on November 8, 1920, after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Significant campaigns since the ...

(Captain, Ottoman War Academy, 1904 - rtd. 1945, Major-General (

Mirliva ''Mirliva'' or ''Mîr-i livâ'' was a military rank of the Ottoman Army and Navy. It corresponds to brigadier general ( modern Turkish: ''Tuğgeneral'') and division general ( modern Turkish: ''Tümgeneral'') in the modern Turkish Army. ''M ...

)Mahmut Goloğlu, ''Cumhuriyete doğru, 1921-1922'', Başnur Matbaası
p. 307.
Undersecretary for the Ministry of National Defence).

Life

Hayrullah Fişek, born to an ethnic

Albanian Albanian may refer to: *Pertaining to Albania in Southeast Europe; in particular: **Albanians, an ethnic group native to the Balkans **Albanian language **Albanian culture **Demographics of Albania, includes other ethnic groups within the country ...

family in Kalkandelen (now Tetovo,

North Macedonia North Macedonia, officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe. It shares land borders with Greece to the south, Albania to the west, Bulgaria to the east, Kosovo to the northwest and Serbia to the n ...

), was a senior officer in the

. Hayrullah was given the name Fişek, meaning ''cartridge'' in Turkish. Hayrullah Fişek was a direct descendant of Süleyman Aga "Fişekçi" (born around 1775 in Kalkandelen), the founder of the Fişek family of

descent. His parents were Hafiz Süleyman Efendi (1849 Kalkandelen – 1894

Balıkesir Balıkesir () is a city in the Marmara Region, Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Balıkesir Province, which is also a Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey, metropolitan municipality. As of 2022, the population of Balıkesir Province ...

), a Land Registry Officer and Fatma Hanko (1847 Kalkandelen –1930

Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...

), Sheikh Mustafa Ruhi Efendi's daughter. He was of

descent.

Military career

He entered the

Ottoman Military College The Ottoman Military College or Imperial Military Staff College or Ottoman Army War College ( or ), was a two-year military staff college of the Ottoman Empire. It was located in İstanbul. Its mission was to educate staff officers for the Ott ...

in 1901. He completed the Military Academy as the seventh of the class in 1904 (1320- P.7) and joined the Ottoman military as an

Infantry Infantry, or infantryman are a type of soldier who specialize in ground combat, typically fighting dismounted. Historically the term was used to describe foot soldiers, i.e. those who march and fight on foot. In modern usage, the term broadl ...

Second Lieutenant (''Mülazım-ı Sani''). In 1906, he entered the Staff College and he graduated as a Distinguished

Captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader or highest rank officer of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police depa ...

(''Mümtaz Yüzbaşı''). During the

Turkish Independence War , strength1 = May 1919: 35,000November 1920: 86,000Turkish General Staff, ''Türk İstiklal Harbinde Batı Cephesi'', Edition II, Part 2, Ankara 1999, p. 225August 1922: 271,000Celâl Erikan, Rıdvan Akın: ''Kurtuluş Savaşı tarih ...

, he participated in the

Battle of Sakarya The Battle of the Sakarya (), also known as the Battle of the Sangarios (), was an important engagement in the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922). The battle went on for 21 days from August 23 to September 13, 1921, close to the banks of the Sakar ...

as the chief of staff of the Provisional Corps (''Mürettep Kolordu'') and he served as the chief of staff of XIV Corps, Kocaeli Group,

III Corps III or iii may refer to: Companies * Information International, Inc., a computer technology company * Innovative Interfaces, Inc., a library-software company * 3i, formerly Investors in Industry, a British investment company Other uses * I ...

with the rank of staff lieutenant colonel. He also participated in battle at

Soma Soma may refer to: Businesses and brands * SOMA (architects), a New York–based firm of architects * Soma (company), a company that designs eco-friendly water filtration systems * SOMA Fabrications, a builder of bicycle frames and other bicycle ...

and

Bandırma Bandırma ()Greek: Panormos(Πανορμος)is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, northwestern Turkey. Its area is 755 km2, and its population is 167,363 (2024). Bandırma is located in the south of the Marmara Sea, in the ...

. He retired in 1946.

Family

He had one sister named Hatice (1873–1902) and 3 brothers : Abdülhâmit Bey (1866–1917), a Finance officer, Nuri Bey (1878–1945), and Zekeriya Bey (1880–1932), both officers of the

. Hayrullah married Mukaddes Fişek (1891–1958) and they had two sons:

Nusret Fişek Hasan Nusret Fişek (21 November 1914 in Sivas, Ottoman Empire - 3 November 1990 in Ankara, Turkey) was a Turkish physician and Minister of Health. Early years Nusret Hasan Fişek was born in Sivas to Hayrullah Fişek, a commander at the Turkis ...

M.D. (1914–1990), Undersecretary, Ministry of Health and Hicri Fişek (1918–2002), Professor of International Law.

Photos

Image:Hayrullah Fisek 1912.jpg, Hayrullah, 1917 (31 years old)Fisek Family Web Site
/ref> Image:Battle of Sakarya 1921.jpg,

, 10 September 1921. Duatepe, Polatli, observation hill.

Fevzi Çakmak Mustafa Fevzi Çakmak (12 January 1876 – 10 April 1950) was a Turkish field marshal (''Mareşal (Turkey), Mareşal'') and politician. He served as the Chief of General Staff from 1918 and 1919 and later the Imperial Government (Ottoman Empire ...

, Kazım Özalp,

Mustafa Kemal Mustafa () is one of the names of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the name means "chosen, selected, appointed, preferred", used as an Arabic given name and surname. Mustafa is a common name in the Muslim world. Given name Moustafa * Moustafa A ...

İsmet İnönü Mustafa İsmet İnönü (24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish politician and military officer who served as the second List of Presidents of Turkey, president of Turkey from 1938 to 1950, and as its Prime Minister of Turkey, pr ...

and Hayrullah Fişek Image:Ataturk Hayrullah Fisek.jpg,

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal and revolutionary statesman who was the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President of Turkey, president from 1923 until Death an ...

greeting General Hayrullah Fişek, Ankara Railway station, mid-1930s Image:Nusret Hayrullah Hicri Fisek.jpg, Hayrullah with his two sons

and Hicri Fişek, Edirne, 1933 Image:Hayrullah Fisek 1935.jpg, Hayrullah Pasha in 1935,

Tekirdağ Tekirdağ () is a city in northwestern Turkey. It is located on the north coast of the Sea of Marmara, in the region of East Thrace. The city forms the urban part of the Süleymanpaşa district, with a population of 186,421 in 2022. Tekirdağ ...

References

External links

Hayrullah Fisek Family Web Site

Fisek Institute

Biography of (in Turkish)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fisek, Hayrullah 1885 births 1975 deaths People from Tetovo Ottoman Military Academy alumni Ottoman Military College alumni Ottoman Army officers Ottoman military personnel of World War I Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie Turkish military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) Recipients of the Medal of Independence with Red Ribbon (Turkey) Turkish Army generals Macedonian Turks