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Havre-Saint-Pierre () is a municipality located on the north shore of the
Gulf of St. Lawrence, in
Côte-Nord
Côte-Nord (Region 09) (, ; ) is an List of regions of Quebec, administrative region of Quebec, on the Quebec-Labrador peninsula, Quebec-Labrador Peninsula, Canada.
The region runs along the St. Lawrence River and then the Gulf of St. Lawrence, ...
region,
Minganie RCM,
Quebec
Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...
,
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
.
History

In 1857, a group of
Acadian
The Acadians (; , ) are an ethnic group descended from the French who settled in the New France colony of Acadia during the 17th and 18th centuries. Today, most descendants of Acadians live in either the Northern American region of Acadia, ...
families arrived, in 1872, the Parish of Saint-Pierre-de-la-Pointe-aux-Esquimaux was officially established, the same year its post office opened under the name Esquimaux Point.
In 1873, the place was incorporated as a municipality. In 1924, the post office changed its name to Havre-Saint-Pierre, followed by the town in 1927, in order to focus on the harbor, which characterizes the area, while retaining the original parish name. It remained the largest town on the North Shore until 1936 when it was overtaken by
Baie-Comeau
Baie-Comeau () is a city in the Côte-Nord region of the province of Quebec, Canada. It is located on the shores of the St. Lawrence River, and is the seat of Manicouagan Regional County Municipality. It is near the mouth of the Manicouagan Ri ...
.
Since 1948, the
Quebec Iron and Titanium Company mines deposits of
ilmenite
Ilmenite is a titanium-iron oxide mineral with the idealized formula . It is a weakly magnetic black or steel-gray solid. Ilmenite is the most important ore of titanium and the main source of titanium dioxide, which is used in paints, printi ...
, a mineral composed of iron and titanium, at a site some north.
The
Chemin de fer de la Rivière Romaine brings it by rail cars to Havre-Saint-Pierre.
Geography
Havre-Saint-Pierre is located in a place formerly known as ''Rade aux Esquimaux'' or ''Pointe aux Esquimaux'', north of the
Mingan Archipelago and
Anticosti Island, on the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The municipality is located 1000 km east of
Montreal
Montreal is the List of towns in Quebec, largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Quebec, the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-largest in Canada, and the List of North American cit ...
, 870 km northeast of
Quebec City
Quebec City is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, and the Census Metropolitan Area (including surrounding communities) had a populati ...
and 200 km from
Sept-Îles.
Access
Access may refer to:
Companies and organizations
* ACCESS (Australia), an Australian youth network
* Access (credit card), a former credit card in the United Kingdom
* Access Co., a Japanese software company
* Access International Advisors, a hed ...
.
Geology
The Havre Saint-Pierre - Mingan region is located in the geological province of
Grenville. It includes rocks of
Precambrian
The Precambrian ( ; or pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pC, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon. The Precambrian is so named because it preceded the Cambrian, the first period of t ...
and
Ordovician
The Ordovician ( ) is a geologic period and System (geology), system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era (geology), Era, and the second of twelve periods of the Phanerozoic Eon (geology), Eon. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years f ...
age.
The Precambrian is represented by
metamorphosed
Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock to new types of rock in a process called metamorphism. The original rock (protolith) is subjected to temperatures greater than and, often, elevated pressure of or more, causi ...
and intrusive
sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock formed by the cementation of sediments—i.e. particles made of minerals (geological detritus) or organic matter (biological detritus)—that have been accumulated or deposited at Earth's surface. Sedim ...
. The Ordovician rocks, of sedimentary nature, belong to the Mingan Iceland group which is divided into two formations: the
Romaine Formation and the
Mingan Formation.
A study by
Quebec Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility (1986) covers several aspects of a territory 5 to 13 km wide and 70 km long along the coast from Havre-Saint-Pierre to
Baie-Johan-Beetz. From an ecological and
morpho-sedimentological point of view, this region and the sub-region, Havre-Saint-Pierre and Nickerson Bay, are extremely diverse.
Whether they were formed by erosion or
sedimentation
Sedimentation is the deposition of sediments. It takes place when particles in suspension settle out of the fluid in which they are entrained and come to rest against a barrier. This is due to their motion through the fluid in response to th ...
processes, or whether they were subjected to or resulted from extreme
climatic events, or from the action of the sea and its
estuary
An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime enviro ...
, morpho-sedimentological units bear witness to an extraordinary structural organization of the natural space.
Other important geological features in the vicinity of Havre-Saint-Pierre include the
Romaine River
The Romaine River (), known also as the Kanatuahkuiau, Uanaman Hipu, and Uepatauekat Shipu, is a river in eastern Canada. It flows from north to south, emptying into the Jacques Cartier Strait in the municipality of Havre-Saint-Pierre.
The Roma ...
to the north west, Manitou Falls on the
Manitou River to the west, Île du Havre to the south, less than 1 km from the coast, and off the coast,
Anticosti Island which can be seen on a clear day.
Biogeography
Flora

With the exception of the enclosed area just behind the village, the area of Havre Saint-Pierre is mainly covered by large
Spruce
A spruce is a tree of the genus ''Picea'' ( ), a genus of about 40 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal ecosystem, boreal (taiga) regions of the Northern hemisphere. ''Picea'' ...
forests and a few laricinin fields (
Larix laricina
''Larix laricina'', commonly known as the tamarack, hackmatack, eastern larch, black larch, red larch, or American larch, is a species of larch native to Canada, from eastern Yukon and Inuvik, Northwest Territories east to Newfoundland, and als ...
(Du Roi) K. Koch). There are also
White spruce White spruce is a common name for several species of spruce (''Picea'') and may refer to:
* '' Picea engelmannii'', native to the Rocky Mountains and Cascade Mountains of the United States and Canada
* ''Picea glauca
''Picea glauca'', the whi ...
(Picea glauca (Moench) Voss.),
Dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa Minchx),
Rough alder (Alnus rugosa (DuRoi Spreng.) and
Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux).
Brothers
Marie-Victorin and Rolland Germain
F.E.C. explored the region from 1924 to 1928. Their work has raised awareness in the scientific community of the enormous value of the Mingan Archipelago. Since then, other
scientists
A scientist is a person who researches to advance knowledge in an area of the natural sciences.
In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the philosophical study of nature ...
have added to the
ecology
Ecology () is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and their Natural environment, environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community (ecology), community, ecosystem, and biosphere lev ...
and
phytogeography
Phytogeography (from Greek φυτόν, ''phytón'' = "plant" and γεωγραφία, ''geographía'' = "geography" meaning also distribution) or botanical geography is the branch of biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution ...
knowledge of this sector.
The vegetation of the Mingan Islands belongs to the Chibougamau-Natashquan boreal forest region, which is dominated by
Black spruce
''Picea mariana'', the black spruce, is a North American species of spruce tree in the pine family. It is widespread across Canada, found in all 10 provinces and all 3 territories. It is the official tree of Newfoundland and Labrador and is tha ...
. The high latitude and low altitude, combined with the proximity of the cold currents of
Labrador
Labrador () is a geographic and cultural region within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It is the primarily continental portion of the province and constitutes 71% of the province's area but is home to only 6% of its populatio ...
, explain the
subarctic
The subarctic zone is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic, north of hemiboreal regions and covering much of Alaska, Canada, Iceland, the north of Fennoscandia, Northwestern Russia, Siberia, and the Cair ...
vegetation specific to the Minganie.
The entirely
calcareous
Calcareous () is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime (mineral), lime or being chalky. The term is used in a wide variety of Science, scientific disciplines.
In zoology
''Calcare ...
nature of the horizontal stratified rocks, which make up the Anticosti - Minganie, exerts a profound influence on the structure of the flora and on the choice of species.
Remarkable for its richness, the flora includes 350
vascular plants
Vascular plants (), also called tracheophytes (, ) or collectively tracheophyta (; ), are plants that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant. They also have a specialized non-lignified tissue ( ...
including the presence of two rare taxa: Cirsium foliosum var. Minganense and
Cypripedium passerinum var. Minganense. Sixty species are new to the list of Minganie harvests compiled by Marie-Victorin and Rolland-Germain (1969). There were also 150
bryophytes
Bryophytes () are a group of land plants ( embryophytes), sometimes treated as a taxonomic division referred to as Bryophyta '' sensu lato'', that contains three groups of non-vascular land plants: the liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. In t ...
and 152
lichens
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), m ...
, 29 of which were additions to the Nouveau Catalogue des lichens, published by Lepage (1972).
Biological
Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It is a broad natural science that encompasses a wide range of fields and unifying principles that explain the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of ...
heritage of the environment">
File:, Ledum groenlandicum Retzius. — Lédon du Groenland. — Thé du Labrador, Thé velouté. — (Labrador Tea).
File:011_045_Epilobium.jpg,
Epilobium angustifolium Linné. — Épilobe à feuilles étroites. — Bouquets rouges. — (Fireweed).
File:Spirantes romanzoffiana 005.jpg,
Spiranthes romanzoffiana Chamisso. – Spiranthe de Romanzoff. – (Romanzoff's ladies'-tresses).
File:Campanula_rotundifolia_002a.jpg,
Campanula rotundifolia
''Campanula rotundifolia'', the common harebell, Scottish bluebell, or bluebell of Scotland, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family Campanulaceae. This herbaceous perennial is found throughout the temperate regions of the northe ...
Linné. – Campanule à feuilles rondes. – (Bluebell).
File:Ledum groenlandicum 018.jpg,
Ledum groenlandicum. — Lédon du Groenland. — Thé du Labrador, Thé velouté. — (Labrador Tea).
File:Rubus_chamaemorus_009.jpg,
Rubus chamaemorus Linné. — Ronce petit-mûrier. — Mûres blanches, Blackbières, Plaquebières, Chicoutés. — (Cloudberry).
Fauna
=Terrestrial mammals
=

During the summers of 1964 and 1965, during geological research, Jean Depatie with a team of geologists and students, assisted by 3 canoemen and
lumberjacks, plus a cook, explored 440 square miles of a territory stretching from Sept-Îles to Blanc Sablon, in the Lac à l'Ours region. In the field, scientists noted an abundance of Canadian beavers, a few otters and American mink, many hares, partridges and a multitude of ducks. Caribou and moose are scarce while black bears and red foxes abound.
*
Castor canadensis. -Castor du Canada -North American Beaver.
*
Lontra canadensis. – Loutre du Canada. -North American river otter
*
Ondatra zibethicus L. – Rat musqué. -Muskrat
*
Vulpes vulpes
The red fox (''Vulpes vulpes'') is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere including most of North America, Europe and Asia, plus ...
L. -Renard roux. -Red fox
*
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus. -Écureil roux - American red squirrel
*
Lepus americanus. – Snowhoe hare. Lièvre d’Amérique
*
Mustela erminea L. – Stoat. -Hermine
*
Ursus americanus
The American black bear (''Ursus americanus''), or simply black bear, is a species of medium-sized bear which is endemic to North America. It is the continent's smallest and most widely distributed bear species. It is an omnivore, with a diet v ...
. - Ours noir. - (Black Bear)
*
Alces alces
The moose (: 'moose'; used in North America) or elk (: 'elk' or 'elks'; used in Eurasia) (''Alces alces'') is the world's tallest, Largest cervids, largest and heaviest extant taxon, extant species of deer and the monotypic taxon, only specie ...
. Orignal, Élan. -(Moose)
* Certain species of
bat
Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera (). With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out ...
s and a number of small rodents
=Marine mammals
=

The waters of the St. Lawrence Estuary are internationally recognized as a vital feeding ground for rare or common species of marine mammals.
*
Blue whale
The blue whale (''Balaenoptera musculus'') is a marine mammal and a baleen whale. Reaching a maximum confirmed length of and weighing up to , it is the largest animal known ever to have existed. The blue whale's long and slender body can ...
,
Right whale
Right whales are three species of large baleen whales of the genus ''Eubalaena'': the North Atlantic right whale (''E. glacialis''), the North Pacific right whale (''E. japonica'') and the southern right whale (''E. australis''). They are class ...
,
St. Lawrence beluga,
Harbour porpoise
The harbour porpoise (''Phocoena phocoena'') is one of eight extant species of porpoise. It is one of the smallest species of cetacean. As its name implies, it stays close to coastal areas or river estuaries, and as such, is the most familiar ...
,
Fin whale
The fin whale (''Balaenoptera physalus''), also known as the finback whale or common rorqual, is a species of baleen whale and the second-longest cetacean after the blue whale. The biggest individual reportedly measured in length, wi ...
,
Harbour seal
The harbor (or harbour) seal (''Phoca vitulina''), also known as the common seal, is a true seal found along temperate and Arctic marine coastlines of the Northern Hemisphere. The most widely distributed species of pinnipeds, pinniped (walruses ...
,
Humpback whale
The humpback whale (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') is a species of baleen whale. It is a rorqual (a member of the family Balaenopteridae) and is the monotypic taxon, only species in the genus ''Megaptera''. Adults range in length from and weigh u ...
,
Minke whale
The minke whale (), or lesser rorqual, is a species complex of baleen whale. The two species of minke whale are the common (or northern) minke whale and the Antarctic (or southern) minke whale. The minke whale was first described by the Danish na ...
,
Atlantic white-side dolphin,
Sperm whale
The sperm whale or cachalot (''Physeter macrocephalus'') is the largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator. It is the only living member of the Genus (biology), genus ''Physeter'' and one of three extant species in the s ...
,
Grey seal
The grey seal (''Halichoerus grypus'') is a large seal of the family Phocidae, which are commonly referred to as "true seals" or "earless seals". The only species classified in the genus ''Halichoerus'', it is found on both shores of the Nort ...
,
Harp seal
=Birds
=
Many species of birds can be observed in the area of Havre-Saint-Pierre and in
Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve
*
Warblers,
Terns
Terns are seabirds in the family (biology), family Laridae, subfamily Sterninae, that have a worldwide distribution and are normally found near the sea, rivers, or wetlands. Terns are treated in eleven genus, genera in a subgroup of the fam ...
,
Ospreys,
Passerines,
Razorbills, many
waders
*
Haliaeetus leucocephalus. -Bald Eagle. -Pygargue à tête blanche
*
Somateria mollissima
The common eider (pronounced ) (''Somateria mollissima''), also called St. Cuthbert's duck or Cuddy's duck, is a large ( in body length) sea-duck that is distributed over the northern coasts of Europe, North America and eastern Siberia. It breed ...
. -Common Eider. -Eider à duvet
*
Fratercula arctica. Macareux moine. -Atlantic Puffin
*
Bucephala islandica. -Barrow's Goldeneye. -Garrot d'Islande
'
'
Climate
In spite of its maritime position just above the
50th parallel, Havre-Saint-Pierre has a relatively harsh
subarctic climate
The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, or boreal climate) is a continental climate with long, cold (often very cold) winters, and short, warm to cool summers. It is found on large landmasses, often away from the moderating effects of ...
, with cold winters and cool summers, although the fourth-warmest month of September is relatively close to the isotherm to be cold humid continental. The high precipitation brings a lot of snowfall in winter.
Demography
Population
Language
Economy
The city hospital is the major employer in the region. Havre-Saint-Pierre is also located near Canada's only
titanium
Titanium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Found in nature only as an oxide, it can be reduced to produce a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength, resistant to corrosion in ...
mine, for which the town serves as a port. Since 1948, the
Quebec Iron and Titanium Company mines deposits of
ilmenite
Ilmenite is a titanium-iron oxide mineral with the idealized formula . It is a weakly magnetic black or steel-gray solid. Ilmenite is the most important ore of titanium and the main source of titanium dioxide, which is used in paints, printi ...
, a mineral composed of iron and titanium, at a site some north.
The
Chemin de fer de la Rivière Romaine brings it by rail cars to Havre-Saint-Pierre.
Tourism
Marine transportation from Havre-Saint-Pierre or
Longue-Pointe-de-Mingan is required to visit the islands of the
Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve. It is possible to spend the night there. Private companies offer guided excursions, they also offer packages for sea
kayaking expeditions, with transport by boat on the way back if the weather conditions are unfavourable.
Paddle boards with equipment are available for rent.
Parks Canada
Parks Canada ()Parks Canada is the applied title under the Federal Identity Program; the legal title is Parks Canada Agency (). is the agency of the Government of Canada which manages the country's 37 National Parks, three National Marine Co ...
recommends some marine carriers.
'
It is noted for the unique variety of flora and fauna to be found there, such as
puffin
Puffins are any of three species of small alcids (auks) in the bird genus ''Fratercula''. These are pelagic seabirds that feed primarily by diving in the water. They breed in large colonies on coastal cliffs or offshore islands, nesting in crev ...
s and the rare
Mingan Thistle,
and for the unique geological features on many of the islands, which are referred to as "
monoliths
A monolith is a geological feature consisting of a single massive rock (geology), stone or rock, such as some mountains. Erosion usually exposes the geological formations, which are often made of very hard and solid igneous rock, igneous or ...
".
The waters of the St. Lawrence Estuary is the host to one of the largest whale and
marine mammals
Marine mammals are mammals that rely on marine ecosystems for their existence. They include animals such as cetaceans, pinnipeds, sirenians, sea otters and polar bears. They are an informal group, unified only by their reliance on marine env ...
watching industries in the world.
'
Fishing
Including all of the gulf coast of the St. Lawrence between Pointe-des-Monts (
Baie-Trinité) and
Blanc-Sablon, as well as the coasts of
Anticosti Island area, the waters is renowned for fishing, catching
northern lobster,
whelk
Whelks are any of several carnivorous sea snail species with a swirling, tapered shell. Many are eaten by humans, such as the common whelk of the North Atlantic. Most whelks belong to the family Buccinidae and are known as "true whelks." Othe ...
,
Atlantic cod
The Atlantic cod (: cod; ''Gadus morhua'') is a fish of the family Gadidae, widely consumed by humans. It is also commercially known as '' cod'' or ''codling''.[Atlantic herring
Atlantic herring (''Clupea harengus'') is a herring in the family Clupeidae. It is one of the most abundant fish species in the world. Atlantic herrings can be found on both sides of the northern Atlantic Ocean, congregating in large schools. ...]
,
Greenland halibut
The Greenland halibut or Greenland turbot (''Reinhardtius hippoglossoides'') belongs to the family Pleuronectidae (the right-eye flounders), and is the monotypic, only species of the genus ''Reinhardtius''. It is a predatory fish that mostly rang ...
,
capelin,
rainbow smelt
The rainbow smelt (''Osmerus mordax'') is a North American species of fish of the family (biology), family Osmeridae. Walleye, trout, and other larger fish prey on these smelt. The rainbow smelt prefer juvenile cisco (fish), ciscoes, zooplankton ...
,
snow crab, as well as
Atlantic salmon
The Atlantic salmon (''Salmo salar'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae. It is the third largest of the Salmonidae, behind Hucho taimen, Siberian taimen and Pacific Chinook salmon, growing up to a meter in length. Atlan ...
and
trout
Trout (: trout) is a generic common name for numerous species of carnivorous freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the genera '' Oncorhynchus'', ''Salmo'' and ''Salvelinus'', all of which are members of the subfamily Salmoninae in the ...
in the many lakes and rivers of the North Shore. Only a few of the approximately 100 species of marine algae, 1000 invertebrate species and 80 fish species in the gulf are exploited by humans.
Transportation
Route 138

At the beginning of the 20th century, the first routes of what would become
Route 138 (formerly Route 15) were laid in the vicinity of
Sept-Îles. In 1961, a section was added from the
Franquelin region to the tip of the
Moisie River, some 20 kilometres east of Sept-Îles.
On the north shore of the
Gulf of St. Lawrence, until 1976, there was no continuous route to go further east than the Moisie River. Only bits of paths connect a few coastal villages to each other,
Natashquan connects to
Aguanish by a dirt road (1959).
The section of Route 138, from the Moisie River to Havre-Saint-Pierre, opened in the spring of 1976, from there access to the islands of the
Mingan Archipelago by sea.
In 1984, to commemorate the 450th anniversary of
Jacques Cartier
Jacques Cartier (; 31 December 14911 September 1557) was a French maritime explorer from Brittany. Jacques Cartier was the first Europeans, European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, wh ...
's arrival in
New France
New France (, ) was the territory colonized by Kingdom of France, France in North America, beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Kingdom of Great Br ...
, the Commission de toponymie named Route Jacques-Cartier to the part of Route 138 located east of the
Saguenay River, from
Tadoussac
Tadoussac () is a village municipality in La Haute-Côte-Nord RCM (Regional County Municipality), on the north shore of the maritime section of the estuary of St. Lawrence river, in Côte-Nord region, Quebec, Canada.
Geography
Tadoussac is ...
to Havre-Saint-Pierre.
Land - Air - Sea

The
Rio Tinto Iron and Titanium Company (RTFF) owns the easternmost of the
ore ports on the North Shore in Havre-Saint-Pierre. Its installation, between 1948 and 1950, included a mining shaft at Tio and Allard lakes, the construction of a 43 km railway line between this sector and Havre-Saint-Pierre, and the installation of a marine terminal
* Crossing Anticosti Island – Lower North Shore, the
Bella-Desgagnés makes several stopovers, including Havre-Saint-Pierre and
Port-Menier
*
Air Saguenay
Air Saguenay was a regional airline based in Jonquière, Quebec, Canada (now Saguenay, Quebec, Canada).
History
In the early 1960s Peter Schoch, mink breeder, bought Saguenay Air Service, a carrier based at Kenogami Lake, owned by Saguenay Aero C ...
, the Havre-Saint-Pierre seaplane base, cease operations on November 27, 2019.
*Air Tunilik, air transport, Havre-Saint-Pierre
seaplane
A seaplane is a powered fixed-wing aircraft capable of takeoff, taking off and water landing, landing (alighting) on water.Gunston, "The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary", 2009. Seaplanes are usually divided into two categories based on their tech ...
base, founded in 2002
*Havre-Saint-Pierre Airport connects
Gaspé,
Montreal
Montreal is the List of towns in Quebec, largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Quebec, the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-largest in Canada, and the List of North American cit ...
,
Ivujivik,
Îles-de-la-Madeleine,
Waskaganish
Waskaganish (/, Little House; ) is a Cree community of over 2,500 people at the mouth of the Rupert River on the south-east shore of James Bay in Nord-du-Québec, Canada. Waskaganish is part of the territory referred to as " Eeyou Istchee" ( ...
,
Schefferville,
Salluit,
Rouyn Noranda as well as destinations in
Labrador
Labrador () is a geographic and cultural region within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It is the primarily continental portion of the province and constitutes 71% of the province's area but is home to only 6% of its populatio ...
(2024)
*The port of Havre-Saint-Pierre can accommodate ships, large-scale barges, national and international
cruise ships
Cruise ships are large passenger ships used mainly for vacationing. Unlike ocean liners, which are used for transport, cruise ships typically embark on round-trip voyages to various ports of call, where passengers may go on tours known as " ...
,
fishing
Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. Fish are often caught as wildlife from the natural environment (Freshwater ecosystem, freshwater or Marine ecosystem, marine), but may also be caught from Fish stocking, stocked Body of water, ...
and pleasure boats
*Fédération des clubs de
motoneigistes du Québec, 14 clubs, 2,320 km of trails in
coniferous forests
Conifers () are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a single extant class, Pinopsida. All e ...
,
taiga
Taiga or tayga ( ; , ), also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga, or boreal forest, is the world's largest land biome. In North A ...
and
tundra
In physical geography, a tundra () is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: #Arctic, Arctic, Alpine tundra, Alpine, and #Antarctic ...
Navigation
As is often the case on the middle and lower North Shore islands, in the
Mingan Archipelago, the combination of irregular
seabeds and strong
tidal currents
Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon (and to a much lesser extent, the Sun) and are also caused by the Earth and Moon orbiting one another.
Tide tables c ...
sometimes makes navigation perilous. On the Mingan Banks, in the
Jacques Cartier Strait,
Anticosti Island and the North Shore form a large
funnel
A funnel is a tube or pipe that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for guiding liquid or powder into a small opening.
Funnels are usually made of stainless steel, aluminium, glass, or plastic. The material used in its constructi ...
where the easterly wind creates, among other things, an impressive
swell.
Along the Lower North Shore, it is only from Johan Beetz Bay to
Kegaska that the coastline is continuous and the water is quite deep. At ebb tide, the high flow of the rivers of the North Shore often creates very difficult, if not clearly dangerous, seas.
Ports of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, on the
Côte-Nord
Côte-Nord (Region 09) (, ; ) is an List of regions of Quebec, administrative region of Quebec, on the Quebec-Labrador peninsula, Quebec-Labrador Peninsula, Canada.
The region runs along the St. Lawrence River and then the Gulf of St. Lawrence, ...
Shore:
Blanc-Sablon,
Harrington Harbor,
Natashquan, Havre-Saint-Pierre,
Mingan,
Port-Menier (
Anticosti Island),
Cap-aux-Meules
Cap-aux-Meules (, "Grindstone") is a List of former municipalities in Quebec, former village, now a sector of the municipality of Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec. It is located on Cap aux Meules Island (Grindstone Island), part of the Magdal ...
(
Îles-de-la-Madeleine).
Notable residents
*
Roland-Benoît Jomphe, , poet
*
Jean-François Jomphe, NHL ice hockey player, was born in Havre-Saint-Pierre
See also
*
List of municipalities in Quebec
__FORCETOC__
Quebec is the Population of Canada by province and territory, second-most populous province in Canada with 8,501,833 residents as of 2021 and is the largest in land area at . For statistical purposes, the Provinces and te ...
References
External links
*
Reception and interpretation center Parks Canada Havre-Saint-Pierre,
Longue-Pointe-de-Mingan,
Aguanish,
Baie-Johan-BeetzClimate Arlas of Canada Climate Change and Health, 2019
Canadian Paper Chart Catalogues, Atlantic Coast Canadian Hydrographic Service, Gulf of St. Lawrence, pdf, p 13 of 20
{{Authority control
Municipalities in Quebec
Incorporated places in Côte-Nord