Green Day

Green Day is an American rock band formed in the East Bay of California in 1987 by lead vocalist and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong, together with bassist and backing vocalist Mike Dirnt. For most of the band's career, they have been a power trio with drummer Tré Cool, who replaced John Kiffmeyer in 1990 before the recording of the band's second studio album, '' Kerplunk'' (1991). Touring guitarist Jason White became a full-time member in 2012, but returned to his touring role in 2016. Before taking its current name in 1989, Green Day was called Sweet Children, and they were part of the late 1980s/early 1990s Bay Area punk scene that emerged from the 924 Gilman Street club in Berkeley, California. The band's early releases were with the independent record label Lookout! Records. In 1994, their major-label debut '' Dookie'', released through Reprise Records, became a breakout success and eventually shipped over 10 million copies in the U.S. Alongside fellow California punk bands Bad Religion, the Offspring, Rancid, Pennywise and Social Distortion, Green Day is credited with popularizing mainstream interest in punk rock in the U.S.

Though the albums ''Insomniac'' (1995), '' Nimrod'' (1997), and ''Warning'' (2000) did not match the success of ''Dookie'', they were still successful, with the former two reaching double platinum status, while the latter achieved gold. Green Day's seventh album, a rock opera called '' American Idiot'' (2004), found popularity with a younger generation, selling six million copies in the U.S. Their next album, '' 21st Century Breakdown'', was released in 2009 and achieved the band's best chart performance. It was followed by a trilogy of albums, '' ¡Uno!'', '' ¡Dos!'', and '' ¡Tré!'', released in September, November, and December 2012, respectively. The trilogy did not perform as well as expected commercially, in comparison to their previous albums, largely due to lack of promotion and Armstrong entering rehab. Their twelfth studio album, ''Revolution Radio'', was released in October 2016 and became their third to debut at No. 1 on the '' Billboard'' 200. The band's thirteenth studio album, ''Father of All Motherfuckers'', was released on February 7, 2020.

In 2010, a stage adaptation of ''American Idiot'' debuted on Broadway. The musical was nominated for three Tony Awards: Best Musical, Best Scenic Design, and Best Lighting Design, winning the latter two. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2015, their first year of eligibility. Members of the band have collaborated on the side projects Pinhead Gunpowder, The Network, Foxboro Hot Tubs, The Longshot, and The Coverups. They have also worked on solo careers.

Green Day has sold more than 75 million records worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling artists. The group has been nominated for 20 Grammy awards and has won five of them with Best Alternative Album for '' Dookie'', Best Rock Album for '' American Idiot'' and '' 21st Century Breakdown'', Record of the Year for " Boulevard of Broken Dreams", and Best Musical Show Album for '' American Idiot: The Original Broadway Cast Recording''.

History

Formation and Lookout! years (1987–1993)

In 1987, friends and guitarists Billie Joe Armstrong and Mike Dirnt, 15 years old at the time, along with bassist Sean Hughes and drummer Raj Punjabi, formed a band under the name Sweet Children. One of their first songs written together was "Best Thing in Town". The group's first live performance took place on October 17, 1987, at Rod's Hickory Pit in Vallejo, California. In 1988, Armstrong and Dirnt began working with former Isocracy drummer John Kiffmeyer, also known as "Al Sobrante", who replaced original drummer Raj Punjabi. It was also around this time that bassist Sean Hughes left the band, causing Dirnt to switch from guitar to bass. Armstrong cites the band Operation Ivy (which featured Tim Armstrong and Matt Freeman, who would later contact Armstrong to fill in as a possible second guitarist for their band Rancid) as a major influence, and a group that inspired him to form a band.

In 1988, Larry Livermore, owner of Lookout! Records, saw the band play an early show and signed the group to his label. In April 1989, the band released its debut extended play, ''1,000 Hours''. Shortly before the EP's release, the group dropped the Sweet Children name; according to Livermore, this was done to avoid confusion with another local band Sweet Baby. The band adopted the name Green Day, due to the members' fondness for cannabis. The phrase, "Green day", was slang in the Bay Area, where the band originated, for spending a day doing nothing but smoking marijuana. Armstrong once admitted in 2001 that he considered it to be "the worst band name in the world".

Lookout! released Green Day's debut studio album, ''39/Smooth'' in early 1990. Green Day recorded two extended plays later that year, '' Slappy'' and '' Sweet Children'', the latter of which included older songs that the band had recorded for the Minneapolis independent record label Skene! Records. In 1991, Lookout! Records re-released ''39/Smooth'' under the name ''1,039/Smoothed Out Slappy Hours'', and added the songs from the band's first two EPs, ''Slappy'', and ''1,000 Hours''. In late 1990, shortly after the band's first nationwide tour, Kiffmeyer left the East Bay area to attend Humboldt State University in Arcata, California. The Lookouts' drummer Tré Cool began filling in as a temporary replacement and later Cool's position as Green Day's drummer became permanent, which Kiffmeyer "graciously accepted". The band went on tour for most of 1992 and 1993, and played a number of shows overseas in Europe.Thompson, Dave. "Green Day". ''Alternative Rock''. San Francisco: Miller Freeman Books, 2000. The band's second studio album '' Kerplunk'' sold 50,000 copies in the U.S. Green Day supported another California punk band, Bad Religion, as an opening act for their '' Recipe for Hate'' Tour for most of 1993.

Signing with Reprise Records and breakthrough success (1994–1996)

''Kerplunks underground success led to interest from some major record labels and a bidding war to sign Green Day. The band eventually left Lookout! and signed with Reprise Records after attracting the attention of producer Rob Cavallo. The group was impressed by his work with the fellow Californian band The Muffs and later remarked that Cavallo "was the only person we could talk to and connect with". Reflecting on the period, Armstrong told '' Spin'' magazine in 1999, "I couldn't go back to the punk scene, whether we were the biggest success in the world or the biggest failure ... The only thing I could do was get on my bike and go forward." After signing with Reprise, the band went to work on recording its major-label debut, '' Dookie''.

Recorded in three weeks, and released in February 1994, ''Dookie'' became a commercial success, helped by extensive MTV airplay for the videos of the songs " Longview", " Basket Case", and " When I Come Around", all of which reached the number one position on the Modern Rock Tracks charts. The album went on to sell over 10 million copies in the US. At a performance on September 9, 1994, at Hatch Memorial Shell in Boston, mayhem broke out during the band's set (cut short to seven songs) and by the end of the rampage, 100 people were injured and 45 arrested. The band also joined the lineups of both the Lollapalooza festival and Woodstock '94, where the group started an infamous mud fight. During the concert, a security guard mistook bassist Mike Dirnt for a stage-invading fan and punched out some of his teeth. Viewed by millions by pay-per-view television, the Woodstock 1994 performance further aided Green Day's growing publicity and recognition. In 1995, ''Dookie'' won the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Album and the band was nominated for nine MTV Video Music Awards including Video of the Year.

In 1995, a single for the ''Angus'' soundtrack was released, entitled " J.A.R.". The single debuted at number one on the ''Billboard'' Modern Rock Tracks chart. The song was followed by the band's fourth studio album, ''Insomniac'', which was released in fall 1995. ''Insomniac'' was a much darker and heavier response to the band's newfound popularity, compared to the more melodic ''Dookie''. The album opened to a warm critical reception, earning 4 out of 5 stars from ''Rolling Stone'', which said "In punk, the good stuff unfolds and gains meaning as you listen without sacrificing any of its electric, haywire immediacy. And Green Day are as good as this stuff gets." The singles released from ''Insomniac'' were " Geek Stink Breath", "Stuck with Me", " Brain Stew/Jaded", and " Walking Contradiction".

Though the album did not approach the success of ''Dookie'', it sold three million copies in the United States. The album earned the band award nominations for Favorite Artist, Favorite Hard Rock Artist, and Favorite Alternative Artist at the 1996 American Music Awards, and the video for "Walking Contradiction" got the band a Grammy nomination for Best Video, Short Form, in addition to a Best Special Effects nomination at the MTV Video Music Awards. After that, the band abruptly canceled a European tour, citing exhaustion.Di Perna, Alan.
Young, Loud, and Snotty
. ''Guitar World''. August 1996.

Middle years and decline in commercial success (1997–2002)

After a brief hiatus in 1996, Green Day began work on its next album in 1997. From the outset, both the band and Cavallo agreed that the album had to be different from its previous albums. The result was '' Nimrod'', an experimental deviation from the band's standard pop-punk brand of music. The album was released in October 1997. It provided a variety of music, from pop-punk, hardcore, surf rock, ska, and the acoustic ballad, " Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)".Myers, 2006. pp. 152-153 ''Nimrod'' entered the charts at number 10. The mainstream success of "Good Riddance" won the band an MTV Video Award for Best Alternative Video. The song was also used in the second "clip show" episode of ''Seinfeld'' and on two episodes of '' ER''.

The other singles released from ''Nimrod'' were " Nice Guys Finish Last", " Hitchin' a Ride" and " Redundant". The band made a guest appearance in an episode of ''King of the Hill'', which aired in 1997. In late 1997 and most of 1998, Green Day embarked on a tour in support of ''Nimrod''. In 1999, guitarist Jason White began supporting the band during concerts as a rhythm guitarist.

In 2000, Green Day released their folk punk-inspired sixth studio album ''Warning''. In support of the album, the band participated in the Warped Tour in 2000. In November 2000, the band performed for free on the steps on San Francisco's City Hall to protest the eviction of artists from the city in a show produced by Ian Brennan. The band also had an independent tour to support the album in 2001. Critics' reviews of the album were varied. AllMusic gave it 4.5/5 saying "''Warning'' may not be an innovative record per se, but it's tremendously satisfying." ''Rolling Stone'' was more critical, giving it 3/5, and saying "''Warning''... invites the question: Who wants to listen to songs of faith, hope and social commentary from what used to be snot-core's biggest-selling band?" Though it produced the hit "Minority" and a smaller hit with "Warning", some observers were coming to the conclusion that the band was losing relevance, and a decline in popularity followed. While all of Green Day's previous albums had reached a status of at least triple platinum, ''Warning'' was only certified gold.

At the 2001 California Music Awards, Green Day won all eight of the awards for which the group was nominated. The group won the awards for Outstanding Album (''Warning''), Outstanding Punk Rock/Ska Album (''Warning''), Outstanding Group, Outstanding Male Vocalist, Outstanding Bassist, Outstanding Drummer, Outstanding Songwriter, and Outstanding Artist.

The release of two compilation albums, '' International Superhits!'' and '' Shenanigans'', followed ''Warning''. ''International Superhits!'' and its companion collection of music videos, '' International Supervideos!''. ''Shenanigans'' contained some of the band's B-sides, including "Espionage", which was featured in the film '' Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me'' and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance.

In spring 2002, Green Day co-headlined the Pop Disaster Tour with Blink-182, which was documented on the DVD ''Riding in Vans with Boys''.

''American Idiot'' and renewed success (2003–2006)

In summer 2003, the band went into a studio to write and record material for an album, tentatively titled ''Cigarettes and Valentines''. After completing 20 tracks, the master recordings were stolen from the studio. Instead of re-recording the stolen tracks, the band decided to abandon the entire project and start over, considering the taken material to be unrepresentative of the band's best work. It was then revealed that a band called The Network was signed to Armstrong's record label Adeline Records with little fanfare and information. After the band, who concealed their identities with masks and costumes, released an album called '' Money Money 2020'', it was rumored that The Network was a Green Day side project, due to the similarities in the bands' sounds. However, these rumors were never addressed by the band or Adeline Records, except for a statement on the Adeline website discussing an ongoing dispute between the two bands. The bands "feuded" via press releases and statements from Armstrong. Several journalists openly referred to the group as a Green Day side project, although it was not confirmed as such until 2013.

Green Day collaborated with Iggy Pop