Geschwindigkeitsüberwachung Neigetechnik
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train protection system A train protection system is a railway technical installation to ensure safe operation in the event of human error. Development Train stops The earliest systems were train stops, as still used by the New York City Subway, the Toronto rapid ...
Geschwindigkeitsüberwachung Neigetechnik (
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...
, translated "Speed Control for Tilting Technology") (abbr. GNT) enables to rise the speed of
tilting train A tilting train is a train that has a mechanism enabling increased speed on regular rail tracks. As a train (or other vehicle) rounds a curve at speed, objects inside the train experience centrifugal force. This can cause packages to slide about ...
s until 30% above the limits for conventional trains. It is installed on numerous lines in Germany along with the traditional
Punktförmige Zugbeeinflussung PZB or Indusi is an intermittent cab signalling system and train protection system used in Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Romania, Israel, Serbia, on two lines in Hungary, on the Tyne and Wear Metro in the United Kingdom, UK, and formerly ...
(PZB) intermittent signalling system.


History

Prior to GNT the tilting control was added as a subset of the
Linienzugbeeinflussung Linienzugbeeinflussung (or LZB) is a cab signalling and train protection system used on selected Deutsche Bundesbahn, German and Austrian Federal Railways, Austrian railway lines as well as on the AVE and some commuter rail lines in Rail transpo ...
(LZB) train protection system that has been in service on high-speed lines since the 1960s. It turned out that the switch from PZB to LZB on some regional lines was considered to be too expensive. As such Siemens was tasked to provide ZUB balises that would work on top of the existing line side signalling and their PZB controlled restrictions. It was developed and introduced under the title ''Punktförmiges Datenübertragungs-System'' (transl. "Punctiform Data Transfer System"). Because of conflicts of the abbreviation PDS with a political party PDS, it was changed in 1990. The first train-born equipment was added to 20 trains of DB Class610 which were operated on lines in
Upper Franconia Upper Franconia (, ) is a (administrative 'Regierungs''region 'bezirk'' of the state of Bavaria, southern Germany. It forms part of the historically significant region of Franconia, the others being Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia, wh ...
and
Upper Palatinate The Upper Palatinate (; , , ) is an administrative district in the east of Bavaria, Germany. It consists of seven districts and 226 municipalities, including three cities. Geography The Upper Palatinate is a landscape with low mountains and nume ...
since May 1992. The original system is based on the Siemens ZUB 122 system which uses balises that are put next to the PZB indusi inductors on the outer side of the rails. The second generation of GNT has switched to the Siemens ZUB 262 system which is based on
Eurobalise A Eurobalise is a specific type of a balise installed between the rails of a railway. Eurobalises are part of the European Train Control System (ETCS). The balises are pre-programmed and contain information that is read by train antennas. One of ...
s being under test since 1997. The functionality has not changed however and the balises work in conjunction with the PZB train protection system. The development of EuroZUB for the Swiss network had been the original cause with an expectation that a switch to ETCS would be made soon. The German network operator
Deutsche Bahn (, ; abbreviated as DB or DB AG ) is the national railway company of Germany, and a state-owned enterprise under the control of the German government. Headquartered in the Bahntower in Berlin, it is a joint-stock company ( AG). DB was fou ...
has ensured, that tilting information was finally added to the
European Train Control System The European Train Control System (ETCS) is a train protection system designed to replace the many incompatible systems used by European railways, and railways outside of Europe. ETCS is the signalling and control component of the European ...
(ETCS) in version 3.4.0 (like it has done and never used in LZB). In the ETCS mode L2 all information for speed allowance is provided by Radio Block Center (RBC), so there are no additional balises needed and GNT is obvious. In mode ETCS L1 Limited Supervision (L1LS) as a successor of PZB it is possible to deploy GNT in the same manner like ZUB 262 before. In 2014 the DB Class610 were put out of service. The DB Class611 had been partly converted from ZUB122 to ZUB 262 but they have ended their regular service at the end of 2017. All other tilting trains in Germany are based on ZUB 262 with a Eurobalise antenna. This includes the successor DB Class 612 as well as the series of
ICE Ice is water that is frozen into a solid state, typically forming at or below temperatures of 0 ° C, 32 ° F, or 273.15 K. It occurs naturally on Earth, on other planets, in Oort cloud objects, and as interstellar ice. As a naturally oc ...
T (Class 411 and 415) and
ICE Ice is water that is frozen into a solid state, typically forming at or below temperatures of 0 ° C, 32 ° F, or 273.15 K. It occurs naturally on Earth, on other planets, in Oort cloud objects, and as interstellar ice. As a naturally oc ...
TD (Class 605) trains.


Description

In general the GNT ZUB balises are placed slightly before the PZB inductor signalling an override speed information so that the traditional PZB on-board system is temporarily disabled at that PZB control point. In the first generation the ZUB 122 and PZB balises were put next to each other using the same installation pattern on the outer side of the rails and connecting to the same line side signal. The second generation ZUB 262 places the balise in the middle of the rail as any other Eurobalise. While the GNT system allows a maximum of extra speed over the normal line speed it is still restricted to a maximum of as the traditional line side signalling is used for train operation. Running a train on-sight is limited to that speed throughout Germany. In current practice the system allows up to 30 % more speed in curves thereby limiting the lateral acceleration to a maximum of 1.0 m/s². In current operation the tilting functionality is only activated on trains running more than . If the GNT system is switched off then the PZB signals are used to control the line speed. Trains without GNT can use the same lines as they respond to the existing PZB control. If the following PZB point is missing then a GNT equipped train is limited to .


Deployment


Rolling stock

In Germany, the following Deutsche Bahn trains are equipped with GNT: * Class 411 (7-car ICE T) / Class 415 (5-car ICE T) based on Siemens ZUB 262 vehicle equipment *Class 605 (ICE TD) based on Siemens ZUB 262 vehicle equipment *Class 610 ("Pendolino") based on Siemens ZUB 122 vehicle equipment *Class 611 based on Siemens ZUB 122 vehicle equipment and partially converted based on Siemens ZUB 262 *Class 612 ("Regioswinger") based on Siemens ZUB 262 vehicle equipment The ICE T trains sold by Deutsche Bahn to the Austrian Federal Railways were initially the only GNT-equipped vehicles that did not belong to DB. Because the RABe 503 of the Swiss Federal Railways run at high speed on the Munich–Lindau–Zurichroute, they also had to be equipped with ZUB 262.


Routes

Most lines with Siemens ZUB 122 exist in Southern Germany from Basel to Stuttgart, Frankfurt, Nürnberg, Regensburg. The lines with Siemens ZUB 262 may exist alongside to the ZUB {{NNBSP122 equipment with new lines extending north to Erfurt and Leipzig in eastern Germany and north to Goslar and Hildesheim in western Germany. Additional lines in southern Germany were connected like those to Passau and Ulm. All lines equipped with GNT are shown in an interactive map on the internet by DB Netz AG.DB Netz AG
Geo-Viewer
(select "Layer tree" / "Characteristics" / "tilting services" and lines with ZUB 262/ZUB 122 are shown in dark/bright blue).


See also

* Tilt Authorisation and Speed Supervision for tilting control in the UK


References

Train protection systems