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Upper Franconia
Upper Franconia (, ) is a (administrative 'Regierungs''region 'bezirk'' of the state of Bavaria, southern Germany. It forms part of the historically significant region of Franconia, the others being Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia, which are all now part of the German Federal State of Bayern (''Bavaria''). With more than 200 independent breweries which brew approximately 1000 different types of beer, Upper Franconia has the world's highest brewery-density per capita. A special Franconian beer route (''Fränkische Brauereistraße'') runs through many popular breweries. Geography The administrative region borders on Thuringia (''Thüringen'') to the north, Lower Franconia (''Unterfranken'') to the west, Middle Franconia (''Mittelfranken'') to the south-west, and Upper Palatinate (''Oberpfalz'') to the south-east, Saxony (''Sachsen'') to the north-east and the Czech Republic to the east. History After the founding of the Kingdom of Bavaria the state was totall ...
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Regierungsbezirk
A ' (, 'governmental district') is a type of administrative division in Germany. Currently, four of sixteen ' (states of Germany) are split into '. Beneath these are rural and urban districts ' (plural, ) serve as regional mid-level local government units in four of Germany's States of Germany, sixteen federal states: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. Each of the nineteen ' features a non-legislative governing body called a ' (governing presidium) or ' (district government) headed by a ''Regierungspräsident (Germany), Regierungspräsident'' (governing president), concerned mostly with administrative decisions on a local level for districts of Germany, districts within its jurisdiction. Saxony has ' (directorate districts) with more responsibilities shifted from the Landtag, state parliament. Translations ' is a German term variously translated into English as "governmental district", "administrative district" or "province",Shapiro, Henry D. and Jo ...
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Mainkreis (Bavaria)
The Mainkreis (German: iverMain Circle) was one of the 15 administrative districts () of the Kingdom of Bavaria between 1806 and 1837. The district was named after its main river Main and renamed ''Obermainkreis'' (Upper Main Circle) in 1817. It was the predecessor of the ''Regierungsbezirk Oberfranken'' (Administrative Regional District of Upper Franconia). Independent cities * Bamberg * Bayreuth (since 1812) * Hof an der Saale (since 1812) * Schweinfurt (since 1810) Subdivisions The district was divided in the following judicial districts ('' Landgerichte'' = LG), according to the original borders of the districts of the former territories (''Herrschaftsgerichte'' = HG): * Bamberg I * Bamberg II * Banz LG (since 1813 HG) * Burgebrach * Ebermannstadt * Ebnath HG (since 1816) * Ebrach * Eschenbach (since 1810) * Gefrees (since 1812) * Gleusdorf * Hallstadt * Heinersreuth HG (since 1816) * Höchstadt (since 1810) * Hof an der Saale (until 1812) * Hollfeld * Kemnath (s ...
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Fichtel Mountains
The Fichtel Mountains (, ; ) is a mountain range in Germany and the Czech Republic. They extend from the valley of the Red Main River in northeastern Bavaria to the Karlovy Vary Region in western Czech Republic. The Fichtel Mountains contain an important nature park, the Fichtel Mountain Nature Park. The Elster Mountains are a part of the Fichtel Mountains. Etymology The first person to write about the Fichtel Mountains, Matthias of Kemnath (actually Matthias Widmann, born 23 February 1429 in Kemnath) reported in 1476: ''Ein bergk, hoch, weitt, wolbekant ligt in Beiern, gnant der Fichtelberg'' ("A mountain, high, wide and well-known, lies in Bavaria, known as the Fichtelberg"). In descriptions of the border in 1499 and 1536, the mountain that is now called the Ochsenkopf (Fichtel Mountains), Ochsenkopf was called ''Vichtelberg''; thereafter the name was extended to the whole mountain region. It is also mentioned in old documents: around 1317 the lords of Hirschberg were enfeof ...
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Main (river)
The Main () is the longest tributary of the Rhine, one of the major List of rivers of Europe, European rivers. It rises as the White Main in the Fichtel Mountains of northeastern Bavaria and flows west through central Germany for to meet the Rhine below Rüsselsheim, Hesse. The cities of Mainz and Wiesbaden are close to the confluence. The largest cities on the Main are Frankfurt am Main, Offenbach am Main and Würzburg. It is the longest river lying entirely in Germany (if the Weser-Werra are considered separate). Geography The Main flows through the north and north-west of the States of Germany, state of Bavaria and then across southern Hesse; against the latter it demarcates a third state, Baden-Württemberg, east and west of Wertheim am Main, the northernmost town of that state. The upper end of its drainage basin, basin opposes that of the Danube where the watershed is recognised by natural biologists, sea salinity studies (and hydrology science more broadly) as the Eu ...
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Basilica Of The Fourteen Holy Helpers
The Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers (German: Basilika Vierzehnheiligen) is a church located near the town of Bad Staffelstein near Bamberg, in Bavaria, southern Germany. The late Baroque (Rococo) basilica, designed by Balthasar Neumann, was constructed between 1743 and 1772. It is dedicated to the Fourteen Holy Helpers, a group of saints venerated together in the Catholic Church, especially in Germany at the time of the Black Death. The interior has been nicknamed "God's Ballroom". Location The Basilica overlooks the river Main in Franconia. It sits on a hillside, and on the hillside opposite is '' Schloss Banz'', a former Baroque abbey. Together they are known as the ''Goldene Pforte'' or golden portal, an entryway to the historic Franconian towns of Coburg, Kronach, Kulmbach, and Bayreuth. Legend On 24 September 1445, a young shepherd Hermann Leicht saw a crying child in a field near a Cistercian monastery in Langheim. As he bent down to pick up the child, it ab ...
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Banz Abbey
Banz Abbey (), now known as Banz Castle (), is a former Benedictine monastery, since 1978 a part of the town of Bad Staffelstein north of Bamberg, Bavaria, southern Germany. History The abbey was founded in about 1070 by Countess Alberada of Schweinfurt and her husband, Count Hermann of Habsburg-Kastl, and until the secularisation of 1803 was the oldest monastery on the upper Main. In the late Middle Ages and until 1575 only members of the nobility were accepted as monks. After the Thirty Years' War the abbey had to be rebuilt. The abbots Eucharius Weiner and Kilian Düring commissioned Johann Leonhard Dientzenhofer and after his death in 1707, his brother Johann Dientzenhofer. Construction began in 1698. The church, built in Baroque style, was consecrated in 1719. The interior is built, not with right angles, but with a series of ellipses. The main altar, the chancel and the statues of saints in the church and on the façade are by Balthasar Esterbauer; the ceiling fres ...
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Schloss Weißenstein
Schloss Weißenstein is a ''Schloss'' or palatial residence in Pommersfelden, Bavaria, southern Germany. It was designed for Lothar Franz von Schönborn, Bishop of Bamberg, Prince-Bishop of Bamberg and Archbishop of Mainz, to designs by Johann Dientzenhofer and Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt. Weißenstein, built as a private summer residence, remains in the House of Schönborn, Schönborn family. It is considered a masterwork of Baroque architecture. Location ''Schloss Weißenstein'' is located in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg (district), Bamberg in the village of Pommersfelden, Bavaria, Germany. History In 1710, Lothar Franz von Schönborn, Bishop of Bamberg, Prince-Bishop of Bamberg and Archbishop of Mainz, inherited the estate after the local family, the Truchsesse of Pommersfelden had died out. He ordered the construction of a palace as a private summer residence, paid for from his personal wealth. In 1711, he had helped ensure the election of Charles VI, Holy Rom ...
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Kulmbach
Kulmbach () is the capital of the district of Kulmbach in Bavaria in Germany. The town, once a stronghold of the Principality of Bayreuth, is renowned for its University of Life Sciences, a branch of the University of Bayreuth, the massive Plassenburg Castle, which houses the largest tin soldier museum in the world, for its brewery, its vivid food industry, which hosts some of the world's biggest food businesses, and for its sausages, or '' Bratwürste''. Geography Location Kulmbach is located in the middle of the Bavarian province of Upper Franconia, about northwest of the city of Bayreuth. To the south of Kulmbach, the River Main begins at the confluence of its headstreams, the White Main and Red Main. Town districts Kulmbach is divided into the following districts (with population in brackets): History From about 900 AD there was a small settlement in what is now the district of Spiegel, which consisted of a forest lodge and a fortified tenant farm (''Fronhof'') to ...
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Gößweinstein
Gößweinstein is a municipality in the district of Forchheim in Bavaria in Germany. It lies within the region known as Franconian Switzerland. Districts History The first record of ''Goswinesteyn'' Castle is from 1076. Prior to 1102 the Hochstift Bamberg became the owner of the castle. The prince-bishop of Bamberg Friedrich Carl von Schönborn (ruled from 1729 until 1746) elevated Gößweinstein's status to a ''Market''. During the Secularization in 1803, the area of the Hochstift Bamberg was transferred to Bavaria. During the Bavarian territorial reforms in 1978, the formerly independent communities of Morschreuth, Wichsenstein, Behringersmühle, Kleingesee, Leutzdorf, Stadelhofen, Unterailsfeld and part of the community Tüchersfeld were integrated into Gößweinstein. Culture and sights Museums * Franconian Toy Museum Gößweinstein * Natural history and geological Collection in the Haus des Gastes * Steam locomotive train (''Dampfbahn Fränkische Schweiz'') Building ...
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Kronach
Kronach (; ) is a Town#Germany, town in Upper Franconia, Germany, located in the Franconian Forest area. It is the capital of the Kronach (district), district Kronach. The town is equipped with a nearly complete city wall and Germany's biggest and most complete early modern fortress, Rosenberg Fortress. The headquarters of German television and AV equipment manufacturer Loewe AG, Loewe are located there. Geography Location Kronach is located at the southwestern edge of the Franconian Forest. The rivers Haßlach, Kronach (Haßlach), Kronach and Rodach (Main), Rodach Confluence, unite in Kronach. Town districts Kronach is divided into the following districts: * Bernsroth * Birkach (Kronach), Birkach * Blumau (Kronach), Blumau * Dennach (Kronach), Dennach * Dörfles (Kronach), Dörfles * Fischbach (Kronach), Fischbach * Friesen (Kronach), Friesen * Gehülz * Glosberg * Gundelsdorf (Kronach), Gundelsdorf * Höfles (Kronach), Höfles * Kestel (Kronach), Kestel * Knellendorf * Kreuzbe ...
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Lichtenfels, Bavaria
Lichtenfels () is a Town#Germany, town in the Upper Franconian region of Bavaria, Germany, the administrative seat of Lichtenfels (district), Lichtenfels district. It is chiefly known as the German "Basket City". Geography It is situated on the upper course of the river Main (river), Main, about southeast of Coburg, and northeast of Bamberg. The hilly landscape is called ''Gottesgarten am Obermain'' ("God's garden on the upper Main"), referring to the Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers and Banz Abbey. The Maintal (valley of the Main) goes from East to West. The most important cities of the district are Burgkunstadt, Bad Staffelstein and the district city of Lichtenfels. The Rodach (Main), Rodach river, a tributary of the Main, runs through the area and reaches its greatest width in the northern part between Hochstadt am Main and Lichtenfels. The district of Lichtenfels lies in the western part of the government region (''Regierungsbezirk'') of Oberfranken (Upper Franconia). I ...
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Hof, Bavaria
Hof () is a town on the banks of the Saale in the northeastern corner of the German state of Bavaria, in the Franconian region, at the Czech border and the forested Fichtel Mountains and Franconian Forest upland regions. The town has 47,296 inhabitants, the surrounding district an additional 95,000. The town of Hof is enclosed by, but does not belong to the Bavarian district of Hof; it is nonetheless the district's administrative seat. The town's most important work of art, the Hofer altar, dates from about 1465 and is exhibited in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich today. The Heidenreich organ in the parish church of St. Michaelis, completed in 1834, is considered one of Bavaria's finest. Hof is known for two local "delicacies", namely , a kind of hotpot, and sausages boiled in a portable, coal-fired brass cauldron, which are sold in the streets by the ''sausage man'' ( in the local dialect). There is also a particularly strong beer (), which is available only on the first Mon ...
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