Esmâ Ibret Hanim
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Esmâ Ibret Hanim (born 1780) was an Ottoman calligrapher and poet, noted as the most successful female calligrapher of her day.


Life and work

In the 18th-century Ottoman period, calligraphy was a male-dominated profession. However, a small number of female calligraphers, such as Esmâ Ibret and Şerife Fatma, successfully trained as calligraphers and were able to make valuable contributions in their field. Esmâ Ibret Hanim was born in Istanbul in 1194 (1780). Her father was Serhasekiyan-i hassa Ahmed Ağa, an official in the Royal Palace. She was an only child, and special attention was given to her education. From early childhood she showed an interest in calligraphy, writing in sülüs-nesih and icâzet and copying the work of Mahmud Celâleddin Efendi. Her father liked to trick his friends by showing her work and then watching his friends' amazed responses when they were told that his daughter was the scribe. At the age of 10, her father sent her to Sheikh Murad Derwish Lodge where she studied with the leading calligraphers of the day, including Zühdi, İbrahim Şefik and Mahmud Celaleddin. By the age of 15, her talent was widely recognised amongst family and friends. When she was aged 16, she was given the title of "Ibret" which indicated that she has mastered her lessons. Her calligraphy master, Mahmud Celâleddin was initially reluctant to take on a female student. However, he was shown a book prepared by Esmâ Ibret, and deemed it to be so good and so uncharacteristically "female" that at first he did not believe it was her work. On investigation however, he was persuaded of her talent and accepted her as a pupil. Esmâ Ibret and Mahmud Celaleddin subsequently married, in spite of an age gap of some 30 years. Her husband worked on revising the scripts, and developing new scripts such as "celi sülüs". However, Esmâ Ibret followed in the traditional style of Hâfiz Osman, producing elegant work in the sülüs-nesih script. She wrote a hilye that was presented to
Selim III Selim III (; ; was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1789 to 1807. Regarded as an enlightened ruler, he was eventually deposed and imprisoned by the Janissaries, who placed his cousin Mustafa on the throne as Mustafa IV (). A group of a ...
and his mother, who were so impressed that they arranged for a grant of 500
Kuruş Kuruş ( ; ), also gurush, ersh, gersh, grush, grosha, and grosi, are all names for currency denominations in and around the territories formerly part of the Ottoman Empire. The variation in the name stems from the different languages it is us ...
and a daily allowance of 500
Akçe The ''akçe'' or ''akça'' (anglicized as ''akche'', ''akcheh'' or ''aqcha''; ; , , in Europe known as '' asper'') was a silver coin mainly known for being the chief monetary unit of the Ottoman Empire. It was also used in other states includi ...
s, to be paid by the Customs Office. Both she and her husband lived long and productive lives. Her date of death is uncertain, but has been estimated at 1830. She is buried by her husband in the Murad-ı Buhari Dergâhı, Vefa, Istanbul.


Work

She is generally regarded as the finest female calligrapher of her era, and the first female to become a professional calligrapher. Her work is only partially documented. Problems associated with attribution have been exacerbated by the absence of any signature. Female calligraphers, especially, were expected to show humility and did not always sign their work. Recent scholarship, however, has uncovered previously unknown examples of her work. In addition, works that were previously attributed to her husband have now been attributed to Esmâ Ibret Hanim. Examples of İbret's work can be found in the
Topkapı Palace The Topkapı Palace (; ), or the Seraglio, is a large museum and library in the east of the Fatih List of districts of Istanbul, district of Istanbul in Turkey. From the 1460s to the completion of Dolmabahçe Palace in 1856, it served as the ad ...
Museum. Other examples of her work include:Kazan, H., ''Dünden Bugüne Hanım Hattatlar (Female Calligraphers Past And Present), Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi, 2010 * ''Hilye-i Sharīf'', gift for the Vālide Sultan (queen mother), now at the Topkapi Palace Museum * ''Hilye-i Sharīf'', dated 1209/1795, now at the Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum * ''Alif juzu'' (Arabic alphabet), dated 1213/1798-99 at the Ekrem Hakki Ayverdi Collection * ''Dalāil-i Hayrāt'' now at Istanbul University Library * ''Qit'a'', dated 1222/1807, now at the Ekrem Hakki Ayverdi Collection * ''Qit'a'', undated, now at the Saffet Tanman Collection


See also

*
Culture of the Ottoman Empire The culture of the Ottoman Empire evolved over several centuries as the ruling administration of the Turkish peoples, Turks absorbed, adapted and modified the various native cultures of conquered lands and their peoples. There was influence from t ...
*
Islamic calligraphy Islamic calligraphy is the artistic practice of penmanship and calligraphy, in the languages which use Arabic alphabet or the Arabic script#Additional letters used in other languages, alphabets derived from it. It is a highly stylized and struc ...
* List of Ottoman calligraphers * Ottoman art


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ibret, Esmâ Ibret 1780 births 19th-century artists from the Ottoman Empire Calligraphers from the Ottoman Empire Culture of the Ottoman Empire Women calligraphers Year of death missing