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Chuck E. Cheese (formerly known as Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre, Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza, and simply Chuck E. Cheese's) is an American entertainment restaurant chain founded in May 1977."Robots, Pizza, And Sensory Overload: The Chuck E. Cheese Origin Story"
by Benj Edwards, ''Fast Company'', May 31, 2017
Headquartered in Irving, Texas, each location features
arcade game An arcade game or coin-op game is a coin-operated entertainment machine typically installed in public businesses such as restaurants, bars and amusement arcades. Most arcade games are presented as primarily game of skill, games of skill and in ...
s, amusement rides and musical shows in addition to serving
pizza Pizza is an Italian cuisine, Italian, specifically Neapolitan cuisine, Neapolitan, dish typically consisting of a flat base of Leavening agent, leavened wheat-based dough topped with tomato, cheese, and other ingredients, baked at a high t ...
and other food items; former mainstays included ball pits, crawl tubes, and animatronic shows. The chain's name is taken from its main character and mascot, Chuck E. Cheese. The first location opened as Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre in
San Jose, California San Jose, officially the City of San José ( ; ), is a cultural, commercial, and political center within Silicon Valley and the San Francisco Bay Area. With a city population of 997,368 and a metropolitan area population of 1.95 million, it is ...
on May 17, 1977. It was the first
family restaurant Restaurants fall into several industry classifications, based upon menu style, preparation methods and pricing, as well as the means by which the food is served to the customer. This article mainly describes the situation in the US, while catego ...
to integrate food with arcade games and animated entertainment, thus being one of the pioneers for the " family entertainment center" concept. After filing for bankruptcy in 1984, Pizza Time Theatre was acquired in May 1985 by Brock Hotel Corporation, the parent company of competitor ShowBiz Pizza Place. Following the acquisition, ShowBiz Pizza Place, Inc. was renamed to ShowBiz Pizza Time, Inc., which began unifying the two brands in 1990, renaming every location Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza. It was later shortened to Chuck E. Cheese's in 1994 and Chuck E. Cheese in 2019. The parent company, ShowBiz Pizza Time, also became CEC Entertainment in 1998.


History


Pizza Time Theatre

Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre was founded by
Atari Atari () is a brand name that has been owned by several entities since its inception in 1972. It is currently owned by French holding company Atari SA (formerly Infogrames) and its focus is on "video games, consumer hardware, licensing and bl ...
founder Nolan Bushnell, who sought to expand video-game arcades beyond adult locations like pool halls to family-friendly venues. His experience in the amusement park industry, and his fondness for the Enchanted Tiki Room and the Country Bear Jamboree at
Disneyland Disneyland is a amusement park, theme park at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California. It was the first theme park opened by the Walt Disney Company and the only one designed and constructed under the direct supervision of Walt Disney, ...
, influenced his concept for Pizza Time Theatre. He has said, "It was my pet project ... I chose pizza because of the wait time and the build schedule—very few components, and not too many ways to screw it up." Prior to founding Atari, Bushnell would drive around the Bay Area with Atari co-founder Ted Dabney looking at different pizza parlors and restaurants to brainstorm concepts. "Chuck E. Cheese was always his (Nolan's) passion project, even before Atari was a thing," said Dabney. "He wanted to start a business of family-friendly restaurants with amusement park midway games. I think initially it made no fiscal sense, so he shelved it for a while, but then when Atari took off, he had the means to pursue it, plus a built-in distribution model for Atari's new releases." When his first animatronic show was being assembled, Bushnell learned the costume he had bought for his main character, a coyote, was actually a rat, prompting him to suggest changing the name from "Coyote Pizza" to "Rick Rat's Pizza". His marketing team believed this name would not be appealing to customers and proposed "Chuck E. Cheese" instead. The company adopted the rat as their mascot. The first Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre opened in
San Jose, California San Jose, officially the City of San José ( ; ), is a cultural, commercial, and political center within Silicon Valley and the San Francisco Bay Area. With a city population of 997,368 and a metropolitan area population of 1.95 million, it is ...
, in 1977. In 1978, when Atari's then-corporate parent, Warner Communications refused to open additional locations, Bushnell purchased the rights to the concept and characters from Warner for $500,000. Gene Landrum then resigned from Atari and was made the restaurants' president and chief operating officer. By the end of December 1979, there were seven PTT locations, six in California and one in Nevada ( Sparks). Its "Cyberamics" animatronics were produced fully in-house by PTT employees.


ShowBiz Pizza Place

To expand beyond California and the west coast, Bushnell began to franchise, resulting in a co-development agreement between himself and Robert Brock of Topeka Inn Management in June 1979. The agreement handed Brock exclusive franchising rights for opening Pizza Time Theatres in sixteen states across the Southern and Midwestern United States, while also forming a company subdivision, "Pizza Show Biz", to develop the Pizza Time Theatres. Late in 1979, Brock became aware of Aaron Fechter of Creative Engineering, Inc. and his work in animatronics. In November 1979, he scouted Fechter's business and concluded that Creative Engineering's animatronics would be too strong a competition for Bushnell's work. Brock therefore requested that Bushnell release him from their co-development agreement, wishing to develop with Fechter instead. In December 1979 Brock and Fechter formed ShowBiz Pizza Place Inc., and Brock gave notice to sever his development relationship with Bushnell. ShowBiz Pizza Place was conceptually identical to Pizza Time Theatre in all aspects except for animation, which would be provided by Creative Engineering. ShowBiz Pizza Place opened its first location on March 3, 1980, in
Kansas City, Missouri Kansas City, Missouri, abbreviated KC or KCMO, is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri by List of cities in Missouri, population and area. The city lies within Jackson County, Missouri, Jackson, Clay County, Missouri, Clay, and Pl ...
. Upon the opening of ShowBiz Pizza Place, Bushnell sued Brock and Topeka Inn Management over a breach of contract. Brock immediately issued a counter-suit against Bushnell, citing misrepresentation. The court case began in March 1980, and the courts ruled in favor of Bushnell after he successfully argued that ShowBiz was imitating his unique concepts. The ruling forced Brock to pay Bushnell a percentage of annual revenues from the first 160 locations he opened. Topeka Inn Management later changed its name to Brock Hotel Corporation, and in 1982 moved its headquarters to Irving, Texas. Both restaurants experienced increased success as the video game industry became more robust. To maintain competition, both franchises continually modified and diversified their animatronic shows.


Decline, bankruptcy, and merger

Pizza Time Theatre went public in 1981. Unlike ShowBiz, Pizza Time focused less on food quality, which was being offered at premium prices. The company placed more attention on the video game aspect of the business, but the popularity of arcades was beginning to decline in the United States. As a result, Chuck E. Cheese revenues began to fall by the end of 1982. The video game market crashed in 1983, and by the middle of the year, Pizza Time was operating in the red. Bushnell's debts became insurmountable, and Pizza Time Theatre Inc. filed for
Chapter 11 bankruptcy Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code ( Title 11 of the United States Code) permits reorganization under the bankruptcy laws of the United States. Such reorganization, known as Chapter 11 bankruptcy, is available to every business, w ...
on March 28, 1984, reporting a loss of $58 million incurred in 1983. The floundering company was then purchased by Brock in May 1985, merging the two restaurant companies into ShowBiz Pizza Time Inc. Both restaurant chains continued to operate under their respective titles, while major financial restructuring had begun. In January 1989, ShowBiz Pizza Time became a public company, trading on
Nasdaq The Nasdaq Stock Market (; National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) is an American stock exchange based in New York City. It is the most active stock trading venue in the U.S. by volume, and ranked second on the list ...
with the ticker symbol SHBZ. Beginning in June 1990, ShowBiz restaurants began converting their stage shows and rebranding their storefronts to Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza. By September 1990, Creative Engineering officially cut ties with SPT. By 1994, all ShowBiz restaurants had rebranded into Chuck E. Cheese's restaurants. The name was then shortened to Chuck E. Cheese's by March 1994 after a redesigned concept. During the mid-1990s, the character Chuck E. Cheese began to see significant design changes. His vest (or tuxedo suit) and derby hat were changed for a baseball cap, casual shirt, and optional sneakers in an attempt to appeal to a younger audience. In 1998, ShowBiz Pizza Time renamed itself CEC Entertainment, Inc. to reflect the remaining chain brand, alongside moving their stock to the
NYSE The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, nicknamed "The Big Board") is an American stock exchange in the Financial District, Manhattan, Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is the List of stock exchanges, largest stock excha ...
with the ticker symbol CEC. CEC Entertainment has since acquired additional family restaurant properties, including 13 locations of the now-defunct Discovery Zone in 1999, and all locations of Peter Piper Pizza in October 2014. Peter Piper Pizza still operates under that name.


International expansion

In 1981, the restaurant opened its first international franchise in Australia under the name Charlie Cheese's Pizza Playhouse. The name change had to do with the common meaning of the word "chuck," which in Australia is a reference to the phrase "to throw up.". The first location, located in Surfer's Paradise, Queensland, relocated in 1982 to a location in Carina, Queensland. In January 2024, it was announced that Chuck E. Cheese would be making its return to Australia with a multi-unit franchise partnership with Royale Hospitality Group, and announced in March 2025 that the first location will be opening in
Perth, Western Australia Perth () is the list of Australian capital cities, capital city of Western Australia. It is the list of cities in Australia by population, fourth-most-populous city in Australia, with a population of over 2.3 million within Greater Perth . The ...
. Consecutively, Pizza Time Theatre, Inc. also opened at least one restaurant in
British Hong Kong Hong Kong was under British Empire, British rule from 1841 to 1997, except for a Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, brief period of Japanese occupation during World War II from 1941 to 1945. It was a crown colony of the United Kingdom from 1841 ...
and
Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ...
, which both closed shortly thereafter as a result of the initial company's 1984 bankruptcy. Two locations in
Puerto Rico ; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...
franchised by Santa Rosa Enterprises would open in 1983: one in San Juan, Condado in September of that year, and one in the Santa Rosa Mall in Bayamón would open in either November or December of that year. Both stores would be short-lived and would approximately close by the end of 1985. Pizza Time Theatre also opened a location in Creteil, France in 1984 and planned to open a location in Ealing, England in the mid '80s, but the plan failed. In December 2024, it was announced that Chuck E. Cheese would be making its official debut in the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
with target cities including
Glasgow, Scotland Glasgow is the Cities of Scotland, most populous city in Scotland, located on the banks of the River Clyde in Strathclyde, west central Scotland. It is the List of cities in the United Kingdom, third-most-populous city in the United Kingdom ...
, Manchester, England, and Bristol, England. In 1994, nine years after ShowBiz Pizza Time was formed, the first new international location would open in Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile. More restaurants would open in the country, with 13 total stores as of 2023. In the late 90's, there was a plan to expand to
Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...
, 1998 saw the plan of expanding to
Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
first opening in
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. These never materialized. An expansion for the
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
was planned, and the first location would have opened by 2000. However, these plans (like Pizza Time Theatre's plans for future expansion) never materialized. In the Middle East, locations would open in
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia. Located in the centre of the Middle East, it covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about , making it the List of Asian countries ...
beginning in 2001, the
United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is a Federal monarchy, federal elective monarchy made up of Emirates of the United Arab E ...
in 2008,
Jordan Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. Jordan is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the east, Saudi Arabia to the south, and Israel and the occupied Palestinian ter ...
in 2019,
Bahrain Bahrain, officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in West Asia. Situated on the Persian Gulf, it comprises a small archipelago of 50 natural islands and an additional 33 artificial islands, centered on Bahrain Island, which mak ...
in 2021,
Qatar Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia. It occupies the Geography of Qatar, Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it shares Qatar–Saudi Arabia border, its sole land b ...
in 2022, and
Kuwait Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait, is a country in West Asia and the geopolitical region known as the Middle East. It is situated in the northern edge of the Arabian Peninsula at the head of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to Iraq–Kuwait ...
in 2024. Three new locations would open in Puerto Rico between 2003 and 2008. Another plan to open in the Glorietta mall complex of Makati City, Philippines, was greenlit in January 2013 but that also never happened. On March 6, 2012, the first Chuck E. Cheese's in
Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...
would officially open in
Monterrey Monterrey (, , abbreviated as MtY) is the capital and largest city of the northeastern Mexican state of Nuevo León. It is the ninth-largest city and the second largest metropolitan area, after Greater Mexico City. Located at the foothills of th ...
. "Ratón Chito," an unofficial character, previously represented Chuck E. in the country during the 1980's. This unique incarnation appeared throughout the ShowBiz (and later, Boomis) Pizza Fiesta chain of establishments, conceived as a result of closing Pizza Time Theatres in the United States. Assets from several store closures were shipped to the Mexican franchisees, with the intention of retrofitting the Pizza Time Players to better suit the country's market demographic. Sally Industries of
Jacksonville Jacksonville ( ) is the most populous city proper in the U.S. state of Florida, located on the Atlantic coast of North Florida, northeastern Florida. It is the county seat of Duval County, Florida, Duval County, with which the City of Jacksonv ...
provided the controller equipment for these retrofits, as the animatronics arrived without their original control systems required for operation. The Ratón Chito aspect of ShowBiz Pizza Fiesta was later spun off into Boomis, separating itself from the rest of the company. These stores managed to successfully remain in operation until the 2000s, with one in
Aguascalientes Aguascalientes, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Aguascalientes, is one of the 32 states which comprise the Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. At 22°N and with an average altitude of above sea level it is pre ...
auctioning off equipment (including the retrofitted Chuck E. Cheese animatronics) as late as October 2018. In August 2022, it was announced that the first Chuck E. Cheese in
Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
would open in Sheik Zayed's Royal Mall, with the location opening in February 2024. In February 2023, a third Chuck E. Cheese location opened in Port of Spain, Trinidad & Tobago, after the
Chaguanas The Borough of Chaguanas is the largest municipality (83,489 at the 2011 census) and fastest-growing
– Afr ...
location in 2014, and the San Fernando location in 2016, although the San Fernando location closed sometime in January 2023. At the time of the Port of Spain, Trinidad & Tobago opening, Chuck E. Cheese had planned additional international locations to open in Jamaica in late 2023, Guyana in 2024, and another in Jamaica by 2025. In December 2024, CEC Entertainment announced the first Chuck E. Cheese in
Guyana Guyana, officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern coast of South America, part of the historic British West Indies. entry "Guyana" Georgetown, Guyana, Georgetown is the capital of Guyana and is also the co ...
would open in a multi-unit franchise agreement. In March 2025, the first Chuck E. Cheese opened in the
Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean. It shares a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Puerto Rico to the east and ...
, located within the Sambil Mall in
Santo Domingo Santo Domingo, formerly known as Santo Domingo de Guzmán, is the capital and largest city of the Dominican Republic and the List of metropolitan areas in the Caribbean, largest metropolitan area in the Caribbean by population. the Distrito Na ...
. The franchisee is Leo Castellon, who also operates locations in
Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, ...
and
El Salvador El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador, is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south by the Pacific Ocean. El Salvador's capital and largest city is S ...
. As of October 2024, CEC Entertainment owns and operates approximately 465 Chuck E. Cheese locations in the
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
and
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
, with 96 franchised locations in the US,
Puerto Rico ; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...
, and 16 countries around the world, as well as 96 Peter Piper Pizza restaurants in the US, and 13 in
Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...
. The company also owns and operates Fun Spot Arcade, a chain of mall arcades that has 2 locations in the United States. In February 2025, Fun Spot Arcade would be rebranded to "Chuck's Arcade" to give reference to Chuck E., and to acknowledge the brands history, the first such location opening at the Mall of Georgia in
Buford, Georgia Buford is a city in Gwinnett County, Georgia, Gwinnett and Hall County, Georgia, Hall counties in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the city had a population of 17,144. Most of th ...
, with a second location opening at the Pheasant Lane Mall in Nashua, New Hampshire. The company's locations are located in 45 states domestically and in 16 foreign countries and territories around the world. As of 2024, franchising is only available for markets outside of the United States.


Buyout and modern redesign

By 2012, CEC was struggling with decreasing revenue. They hired Dallas-based advertising agency The Richards Group to head a rebranding campaign, changing the Chuck E. Cheese mascot into a slimmer rock star mouse who plays electric guitar. Voice actor Duncan Brannan, who for 18 years had characterized Chuck E. as a hip and young mouse, was replaced with Jaret Reddick, the frontman and guitarist for the pop punk band Bowling for Soup. Richards Group creative director Bill Cochran knew Reddick from improv comedy and liked Bowling for Soup, so the character was being built around Reddick's personality and voice before he knew he was chosen as the voice of Chuck E. For the rebrand, they hired animation companies Reel FX Creative Studios and Little Zoo Studio to animate the Chuck E. Cheese character in CGI, as opposed to the
traditional animation Traditional animation (or classical animation, cel animation, or hand-drawn animation) is an animation technique in which each frame is drawing, drawn by hand. The technique was the dominant form of animation of the 20th century, until there wa ...
used for previous commercials. The rebrand campaign, titled "Chuck E. Rocks", would officially launch on July 5, 2012, to negative reception from the public and fans. In February 2014, Apollo Global Management acquired CEC Entertainment, Inc. for $54 per share, or about $950 million. In October 2014, under Apollo Global Management, CEC Entertainment announced that they would purchase their Phoenix-based competitor, Peter Piper Pizza from ACON Investments. In August 2017, the company began to pilot a new design concept at seven remodelled locations (three in Kansas City, three in
San Antonio San Antonio ( ; Spanish for " Saint Anthony") is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the most populous city in Greater San Antonio. San Antonio is the third-largest metropolitan area in Texas and the 24th-largest metropolitan area in the ...
, one in Selma, Texas), branded as Chuck E. Cheese Pizzeria & Games (also known as the Chuck E. Cheese 2.0 remodel by fans). These locations feature more upscale decor with a "muted" interior color scheme, an open kitchen, the "Play Pass" card system to replace arcade tokens, and the animatronic stage show replaced by a dance floor area. These changes, along with expansions to food offerings, were intended to help the chain be more appealing to adults and encourage family dining as opposed to primarily hosting parties. In 2019, the corporation announced it would go public on the
New York Stock Exchange The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, nicknamed "The Big Board") is an American stock exchange in the Financial District, Manhattan, Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is the List of stock exchanges, largest stock excha ...
through a shell company, Leo Holdings Corporation, of which Apollo will still own 51%. ''
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'' also reported that after going public, Chuck E. Cheese would no longer have animatronics as part of the entertainment. The proposed merger between CEC Entertainment and Leo Holdings Corporation was terminated on July 29, 2019. In April 2023, the company began testing a small trampoline zone for children at the Brooklyn, New York location. As of 2024 it is installed in most of the company-owned United States and Canada locations. In June 2024, the company began testing a small obstacle course called the "Ninja Run" at the Grand Prairie, Texas location. Beginning in 2025, it will be installed in more locations in the US. In August 2024, the company announced a national tiered membership program. In April 2025, the company announced that all 125 of its active play areas would be renamed from "Adventure Zone" to "Chuck E.'s Superhero Playground". In May 2025, the company announced the launch of its "CEC Media Network", a digital out-of-home network featured in its venues.


Financial trouble and second buyout

The
COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic and COVID pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an disease outbreak, outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, in December ...
had been financially damaging to the parent company during 2020, and with an estimated $1–2 billion in debt, the possibility exists of all CEC properties being forced to close if bankruptcy refinancing fails. CEC Entertainment solicited $200 million in loans to finance a restructuring under bankruptcy protection. CEC Entertainment and its subsidiaries also filed a voluntary petition under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas on June 24, 2020. On December 30, 2020, CEC Entertainment, Inc,, the owners of Chuck E. Cheese and Peter Piper Pizza chains, emerged from its June bankruptcy under the ownership and selling of its lenders led by Monarch Alternative Capital, reorganized under CEC Entertainment Holdings, LLC. On January 16, 2021, the Bankruptcy Court closed 15 of 16 of the affiliate debtor's cases, while future matters of each debtor would be administered and heard in CEC Entertainment Holdings, LLC Chapter 11 case.


Entertainment


Films and series

In 1983, Pizza Time Theatre created a Christmas TV special, titled "The Christmas That Almost Wasn't", produced by animation company Kadabrascope, a Pizza Time Theatre subsidiary. The special centers around Chuck E. Cheese and Jasper T. Jowls as they travel to the North Pole to save Christmas. In 1999, Chuck E. Cheese released a direct-to-video film, titled " Chuck E. Cheese in the Galaxy 5000", produced by
FUNimation Entertainment Crunchyroll, LLC is an American entertainment company based in Coppell, Texas. It currently operates the anime-focused eponymous over-the-top subscription video on-demand streaming service. The company was founded as Funimation in May 1 ...
. The movie follows Chuck E. Cheese and his friends as they travel to a distant planet to win money to fix Charlie Rockit's aunt and uncle's tractor engine. In September 2020, CEO David McKillips said that the company had recently launched an entertainment division, the goal being to produce movies and TV shows featuring the CEC cast of characters. In January 2024, CEC Entertainment announced a game show, being developed by Magical Elves. The series will feature adults competing with larger versions of classic Chuck E. Cheese arcade games, such as pinball, air hockey, and Skee-Ball.


Video arcade

Since the company's inception, one of the primary draws for the business has been its video arcade offering inside restaurants. Within the arcade, customers can play card-operated
video games A video game or computer game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface or input device (such as a joystick, game controller, controller, computer keyboard, keyboard, or motion sensing device) to generate visual fe ...
or redemption games, the latter of which involves games of skill that reward players in the form of tickets based on score. Tickets can be redeemed later for merchandise, such as candy and toys. In late 2020, paper tickets were retired and replaced with electronic tickets, which are stored on the Play Pass cards. The coin-op games originally accepted brass tokens issued by the company, stamped with various logos and branding that evolved over time. The company experimented with a card access method as a replacement for tokens in the late 2000s, which allowed customers to load credits onto a card that could then be swiped for access at arcade games and refilled later. It was tested under different names, including "Chuck E.'s Super Discount Card" and "Chuck E. Token Card.". In late 2016, a new card system known as "Chuck E.'s Play Pass" was introduced to replace tokens throughout the chain, utilizing a similar method of gameplay as the Token Card. In September 2024, the company launched a chain of mall arcades called Fun Spot Arcade at the Trumbull Mall in Trumbull, Connecticut. The arcade lacks Chuck E. Cheese branding, although it uses the Play Pass card system and electronic tickets like the Chuck E. Cheese restaurants. In February 2025, Fun Spot Arcade would rebrand to "Chuck's Arcade" to acknowledge the company's history and utilize the Chuck E. Cheese character.


Animatronics

Another primary draw for the centers since their beginning through the mid-2010s has been their animatronic shows. There have historically been several different styles of animatronic shows in use within the company, details of which would vary depending on when the location opened, whether it was renovated, available room for animatronic stages, and other factors. Over the years, these animatronics have often been supplemented by (and in recent years been completely ''replaced'' by) costumed characters. When the first location opened in 1977, the animatronic characters were featured as busts in framed portraits hanging on the walls of the main dining area. The original show featured Crusty the Cat (the first character to face retirement as he was soon replaced with Mr. Munch in 1978), Pasqually the Singing Chef, Jasper T. Jowls, the Warblettes, and the main focus of the show, Chuck E. Cheese. By 1979, many restaurants had also added "cabaret" shows in separate rooms of each restaurant. One of the early Cabaret characters was Dolli Dimples, a
hippopotamus The hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius;'' ; : hippopotamuses), often shortened to hippo (: hippos), further qualified as the common hippopotamus, Nile hippopotamus and river hippopotamus, is a large semiaquatic mammal native to sub-Sahar ...
who played the piano and sang in the blues/jazz style of performer Pearl Bailey. The in-house control system, which consisted of a 6502-based controller in a card cage with various driver boards, was called "Cyberamics". While Fechter separately produced the Rock-afire Explosion animatronics for ShowBiz Pizza through the early 1980s, Bushnell and Pizza Time Theatre continued work on characters for their portrait format and newer Balcony Stage shows under the umbrella of the Pizza Time Players. Development on Cabaret concepts slowed greatly after Pizza Time Theatre Inc.'s bankruptcy in 1984 and its purchase by ShowBiz a year later. From 1985 to 1990, the merged company kept their brands (and their respective animatronic shows) mostly separate. After Fechter refused to sign over the rights to the Rock-afire Explosion to Showbiz Pizza Time, Inc., "Concept Unification" was undertaken beginning in 1990 and continuing through 1993 to eliminate Fechter's characters from ShowBiz locations and replace them with that of the Chuck E. Cheese's characters.'' The Rock-afire Explosion''. Dir. Brett Whitcomb. Connell Creations, 2008. The animatronics built by Creative Engineering for their Rock-afire Explosion band were retrofitted as "Chuck E. Cheese & Munch's Make Believe Band", with new costumes and cosmetics. The exact year of when Concept Unification started is debated by fans. At first, the existing Pizza Time Theatre Cyberamics did not coincide with the character update, but they were later reconfigured and costumed to reflect the updated Munch's Make Believe Band character designs. In November 1990, ShowBiz Pizza Time debuted a new stage show for future CEC locations called the "Road Stage", being the first Cyberamic stage to use the Munch's Make Believe Band format to coincide with Concept Unification. The Road Stage featured a full-bodied Chuck E. Cheese Cyberamic standing on a platform, while the rest of the half-bodied band characters were set on buildings. The first location to install this stage opened in Jonesboro, Georgia in November 1990, and the last Road Stage location opened in June 1992 in Sun Valley, California. In February 1992, the Cyberamic 2-Stage debuted at the White Settlement, Texas location, featuring Chuck E. and the band on two separate stages. The last location to install a 2-Stage was in Florence, Kentucky between 2002 and 2003. In March 1992, the 1-Stage debuted at the Waldorf, Maryland location, featuring all characters together on one stage. The last location to install a 1-Stage was in Citrus Heights, California, between 2014 and 2015. In August 1996, a test stage at the Valley View Mall/Montfort Drive location in
Dallas, Texas Dallas () is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the List of Texas metropolitan areas, most populous metropolitan area in Texas and the Metropolitan statistical area, fourth-most ...
, was created—the first attempt at a single-character animatronic stage, The Awesome Adventure Machine. This animatronic show consisted of neon flashy lights and items around the show. This stage took over what is commonly referred to as a "3-Stage" (an animatronic show converted from a former Rock-afire Explosion show from Showbiz Pizza Place). This animatronic show was never installed in any other location and was removed by late 1997 or early 1998 and replaced by Studio C. Beginning in December 1997 with the Brookfield, Wisconsin location, a new animatronic show began being installed in new stores, referred to as "Studio C", consisting of a single 32-movement Chuck E. Cheese animatronic character created by Garner Holt alongside large television monitors, lighting effects, and interactive elements. Studio C eventually served as the replacement for Munch's Make Believe Band stages, with the last MMBB location opening in Mentor, Ohio in July 1998. Following the discontinuation of MMBB shows, the Studio C series of stages continued to evolve, starting with the Small-Town Studio C 2000 in early 2000, the "Studio C 2000" in late 2000, and the Small-Town Studio C 2003 in July 2003. The last new Chuck E. Cheese's location to receive a new Studio C 2000 stage opened in
Concepción, Chile Concepción (; originally: ''Concepción de la Madre Santísima de la Luz'', "Conception of the Blessed Mother of Light") is a city and Communes of Chile, commune in south-central Chile, and the geographical and demographic core of the Greater Co ...
in August 2012, and the last existing Chuck E. Cheese's location to receive a Studio C 2000 was in
Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati ( ; colloquially nicknamed Cincy) is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Settled in 1788, the city is located on the northern side of the confluence of the Licking River (Kentucky), Licking and Ohio Ri ...
around 2014. In late 2009, a new single-character stage was conceptualized by
Westerville, Ohio Westerville is a city in Franklin County, Ohio, Franklin and Delaware County, Ohio, Delaware counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. A northeastern suburb of Columbus, Ohio, Columbus as well as the home of Otterbein University, the population was 39 ...
-based brand agency Chute Gerdeman for Chuck E. Cheese's, and this idea became the "Star Stage". The Star Stage debuted in April 2010 as a test stage at the new Valley View Mall/Montfort Drive location in
Dallas, Texas Dallas () is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the List of Texas metropolitan areas, most populous metropolitan area in Texas and the Metropolitan statistical area, fourth-most ...
, replacing their Studio C 2000 stage. The Montfort Drive location's Star Stage reused the 32-movement Chuck E. Cheese animatronic, and the scenery included 2 side vertical video walls, curtains for the main stage, a cut out background, and 2 lowering recording studio and sports stadium backdrops. Chuck E.'s stage and the "APPLAUSE" and "ON THE AIR" signs were recycled from Montfort Drive's Studio C 2000 stage. The stage curtains would be removed by late April 2010 and side video walls would be replaced with flatscreen TVs in early 2012. Former CEC entertainment director Jeremy Blaido ordered for the show be removed in 2012 due to internal controversy with new entertainment director Robert Gotcher at the time, leading to Gotcher being fired that year. The Star Stage at the Dallas, Texas Chuck E. Cheese's location ended up being removed in August 2012 after over 2 years in operation. In September 2010, a new stage titled the "Chuck E.'s Make Believe Band" stage (also known as Concept Unification 1-Stage by fans) was tested at the Whitehall, Pennsylvania location. It reused the Concept Unification animatronics from the 3-Stage and put them all together on a single stage with new backdrops. On this show, Munch's Make Believe Band would be renamed to Chuck E.'s Make Believe Band, likely as an attempt to make Chuck E. Cheese more of the star. 2 more CU 1-Stage shows would be installed at the
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and
Columbus, Georgia Columbus is a consolidated city-county located on the west-central border of the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. Columbus lies on the Chattahoochee River directly across from Phenix City, Alabama. It is the county seat of Muscogee ...
locations in 2011 before it was retired. The Chuck E.'s Make Believe Band stage is Chuck E. Cheese's latest stage featuring the full band to date. On April 26, 2011, a new test stage titled the "Galaxy Stage" debuted at the new Chuck E. Cheese's location in West Melbourne, Florida. The Galaxy Stage was themed around a futuristic city, and was the first stage not to use the Studio C name. It did not expand beyond its test location, and was removed in April 2023 during the West Melbourne location's 2.0 remodel renovations. Following the removal of the
Dallas, Texas Dallas () is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the List of Texas metropolitan areas, most populous metropolitan area in Texas and the Metropolitan statistical area, fourth-most ...
(Montfort Drive) location's Star Stage in August 2012, a new stage premiered at that location, referred to as "Circles of Light", utilizing the animatronic Chuck E. Cheese produced by Garner Holt for the previous Studio C series of stages. The stages were manufactured by Corman & Associates and the control system for the new stage type was produced by Weigl Controls, developing a custom version of their ProCommander series of controllers for CEC. In July 2020, the Darien, Illinois location replaced their 3-Stage animatronics and props with the Studio C 2000 backdrops and 16-movement animatronic from the
Joliet, Illinois Joliet ( ) is a city in Will County, Illinois, Will and Kendall County, Illinois, Kendall counties in the U.S. state of Illinois, located southwest of Chicago. It is the county seat of Will County, Illinois, Will County. It had a population of ...
location which had remodeled in early 2020. Another installation of this unique stage would be installed in November 2020 at the
Chicago, Illinois Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...
location on Kedzie Avenue. The Darien location would remove their stage during their remodel in June 2023, and the Chicago (Kedzie) location would remodel and remove their stage in August 2024. For stores still featuring animatronics, updated programs for Munch's Make Believe Band stages were generally distributed on DVD between 2007 and 2022. Studio 'C' stores ran off of 3 DVDs and a
floppy disk A floppy disk or floppy diskette (casually referred to as a floppy, a diskette, or a disk) is a type of disk storage composed of a thin and flexible disk of a magnetic storage medium in a square or nearly square plastic enclosure lined with a ...
from 1999 to 2022, previously having used
LaserDisc LaserDisc (LD) is a home video format and the first commercial optical disc storage medium. It was developed by Philips, Pioneer Corporation, Pioneer, and the movie studio MCA Inc., MCA. The format was initially marketed in the United State ...
. Weigl (Circles of Light stages and Dance Floors) stores use a USB and a MicroSD card. In mid-2022, a new system for running the animatronic shows (3-Stage, Cyberamics, and all Studio 'C' and Weigl shows) was introduced that would, instead of using physical media such as DVDs, function using the store's Wi-Fi connection. The implementation of said device caused a problem for the Studio C shows, as their previous show system(s) had special file formats for programming signals; therefore the switch to the new system would cause no animatronic movements to happen, except for a "Random Movements" program. The Munch's Make Believe Band stages (CEI and Cyberamics shows) were not affected by this change of systems, although programming of new songs would cease in 2023 due to budget cuts.


Elimination of animatronics

In 2002, Chuck E. Cheese's opened three locations, two in Waco and Lake Jackson, Texas, and one in
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, experimenting with a new type of format featuring a smaller layout, a buffet, no play structures, no animatronic stage (albeit featuring a "blue screen" from the Studio 'C' stages), and a constant presence of the Chuck E. Cheese costumed character. All three "Chuck E. Cheese's Buffet" locations would remodel to standard Chuck E. Cheese's and receive "Small-Town Studio 'C'" stages with an animatronic between 2003 and 2006. In September 2012, The "Circles of Light" stage at the Montfort Drive location in Dallas, Texas removed their animatronic, initially using the stage platform for costumed character performances. Beginning in early 2013, Circles of Light stages began being installed in newly opened stores without an animatronic, although a few Circles of Light stores would open with an animatronic from 2012 to 2018. In 2014, the Montfort Drive location would test a prototype of the "Chuck E. Live Stage" in their gameroom. In August 2013, the newly opened
Montgomery, Alabama Montgomery is the List of capitals in the United States, capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama. Named for Continental Army major general Richard Montgomery, it stands beside the Alabama River on the Gulf Coastal Plain. The population was 2 ...
location was the first Chuck E. Cheese's in 11 years to open without any animatronics, as it opened with a Circles of Light stage with no Chuck E. animatronic. Circles of Light would also replace 4 older animatronic stages in CEC locations between March 2014 and September 2017. The first being a 3-Stage in
San Antonio, Texas San Antonio ( ; Spanish for "Anthony of Padua, Saint Anthony") is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the most populous city in Greater San Antonio. San Antonio is the List of Texas metropolitan areas, third-largest metropolitan area in Texa ...
in March 2014, a 1-Stage in Rohnert Park, California between late 2014 and early 2015, another 3-Stage in Matteson, Illinois in February 2015, and another 3-Stage in
Wilmington, Delaware Wilmington is the List of municipalities in Delaware, most populous city in the U.S. state of Delaware. The city was built on the site of Fort Christina, the first Swedish colonization of the Americas, Swedish settlement in North America. It lie ...
in September 2017. The last existing Chuck E. Cheese's location to receive a COL stage was in
San Jose, California San Jose, officially the City of San José ( ; ), is a cultural, commercial, and political center within Silicon Valley and the San Francisco Bay Area. With a city population of 997,368 and a metropolitan area population of 1.95 million, it is ...
in December 2018, while the last new location to receive a COL stage was in Port of Spain, Trinidad & Tobago in February 2023. By May 2015, the "Chuck E. Live Stage," also known as "Stage V2" or commonly referred to as the "Dance Floor," which featured no animatronics at all, a modernized dance floor, and performances only with costumed characters, had been created. In 2017, the chain announced that animatronic shows would be removed entirely in favor of this design in seven pilot locations. After the pilot locations showed promise, retirement of animatronics at Chuck E. Cheese locations accelerated and continued through 2019, by which time 80 of its stores were expected to be retrofitted to the new design. However, in November 2023, the company announced one location in
Northridge, California Northridge is a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of the Los Angeles, City of Los Angeles. The community is home to California State University, Northridge, and the Northridge Fashion Center. Originally named List of minor biblica ...
as the first "legacy and new" store location that would keep their animatronic stage, which is a 2-Stage Cyberamics show. The grand reopening for this store after the remodel was held on November 10 with Nolan Bushnell attending. They would go back on this stance in May 2024 with a ''New York Times'' article announcing a location in Nanuet, New York as the second "legacy and new" store. Nanuet has a Studio 'C' 2000, 16M stage. The grand reopening was held on July 18. In May 2024, the animatronic shows were reported to have been set to be phased out by the end of 2024, with all but two venues discontinuing their performances, the Northridge, California and Nanuet, New York locations. The decision aligned with Chuck E. Cheese's strategic transformation towards modernization since 2020, including the introduction of digital entertainment features such as screens, digital dance floors, and trampoline gym areas. After a negative response from the public, the company subsequently announced on May 24 that three additional locations would be keeping their animatronic stages:
Charlotte, North Carolina Charlotte ( ) is the List of municipalities in North Carolina, most populous city in the U.S. state of North Carolina and the county seat of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, Mecklenburg County. The population was 874,579 at the 2020 United ...
, which has a 3-Stage; Hicksville, New York, which has a Cyberamics 1-Stage; and
Springfield, Illinois Springfield is the List of capitals in the United States, capital city of the U.S. state of Illinois. Its population was 114,394 at the 2020 United States census, which makes it the state's List of cities in Illinois, seventh-most populous cit ...
, which has a CU 1-Stage. Hicksville held their grand reopening on July 19, Springfield held their grand reopening on July 25, and Charlotte held their grand reopening on July 26. On February 9, 2025, the CEO of the company, David McKillips, confirmed that the location in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada on Dixie Road would be keeping their animatronic stage. Mississauga has a Road Stage. As of April 2025, approximately 49 locations remain with the animatronic shows and that number is expected to decline over the next year.


Music

Another primary focus of entertainment for Chuck E. Cheese is the music performed by the main cast of characters and occasional side characters, which play in the restaurants and are additionally posted to the company's social media channels and music streaming accounts. The main cast of characters perform in a band known as "Chuck E. Cheese & Munch's Make Believe Band", formed in 1990 due to the "Concept Unification" initiative undertaken by ShowBiz Pizza Time to replace the Rock-Afire Explosion. Originally, licensed cover songs were used, alongside parodies of licensed songs, and occasional original music, but original music became the only material used beginning in 2014, to save money from music licensing fees, except for occasional public domain songs such as "Bingo" and "Deck the Halls". In 2019 the company began releasing their music on
Spotify Spotify (; ) is a List of companies of Sweden, Swedish Music streaming service, audio streaming and media service provider founded on 23 April 2006 by Daniel Ek and Martin Lorentzon. , it is one of the largest providers of music streaming services ...
and
Apple Music Apple Music is an audio and video streaming service developed by Apple Inc. Users can select music to stream to their device on-demand, or listen to existing playlists. The service also includes the sister internet radio stations Apple Musi ...
.


Characters

* Chuck E. Cheese (voiced by Jaret Reddick) is the titular mascot, a mouse (formerly rat) who is the lead singer and guitarist of the band. He is outgoing, friendly, and likes singing and entertaining families. * Helen Henny (voiced by Caroline Taylor) is the other lead vocalist, a female chicken who is into gaming. She is sometimes shown to have a crush on Chuck E. * Mr. Munch (voiced by Chris Hill) is the keyboardist, a purple monster-alien who has a habit of eating anything, including pizza. He is also the band's namesake and DJ. * Jasper T. Jowls (voiced by Jeremy Blaido) is the bassist, a bloodhound dog hailing from Tennessee. * Pasqually P. Pieplate (voiced by Earl Fisher), the drummer and the only main human character, he hails from southern Italy and likes telling jokes. * Bella Bunny was first introduced in 2018 and later became a main character in 2020 as the band's tambourine player, a Hispanic rabbit who has her own garden.


Food

Pizza Pizza is an Italian cuisine, Italian, specifically Neapolitan cuisine, Neapolitan, dish typically consisting of a flat base of Leavening agent, leavened wheat-based dough topped with tomato, cheese, and other ingredients, baked at a high t ...
is the main focus of the restaurant portion of the business, but the menu features other items as well including cold-cut sandwiches, chicken wings, salad bar access, and desserts. In addition, some Chuck E. Cheese locations offer
alcoholic beverage Drinks containing alcohol (drug), alcohol are typically divided into three classes—beers, wines, and Distilled beverage, spirits—with alcohol content typically between 3% and 50%. Drinks with less than 0.5% are sometimes considered Non-al ...
s. In March 2020, during the
COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic and COVID pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an disease outbreak, outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, in December ...
, the restaurant began selling pizza, wings, desserts and more through food delivery services under the ghost kitchen Pasqually's Pizza & Wings. The Pasqually name comes from Pasqually P. Pieplate, who is a member of Munch's Make Believe Band, the Chuck E Cheese animatronic band. While food sold under this brand comes from the same brick-and-mortar kitchens as Chuck E. Cheese, the company claims to use different ingredients and recipes that cater to a more mature audience. Practically all of the Chuck E. Cheese stores in the United States are selling and delivering food under this virtual brand. In March 2025, Pasqually's Pizza & Wings shut down, as the company intended to use the ghost kitchen as a testing ground for new menu items for guests outside of the Chuck E. Cheese demographic, some of which have been transitioned to the Chuck E. Cheese menu. In October 2024, the company announced a partnership with Thrifty Ice Cream for a birthday cake ice cream flavor inspired by Chuck E. Cheese, to be sold at 34 Chuck E. Cheese fun centers and 350 Rite-Aid locations in
Southern California Southern California (commonly shortened to SoCal) is a geographic and Cultural area, cultural List of regions of California, region that generally comprises the southern portion of the U.S. state of California. Its densely populated coastal reg ...
. In May 2025, the company announced an exclusive flavor of Dippin' Dots ice cream called "Chuck E.'s Cookie Crunch", only available at Chuck E. Cheese locations.


Subsidiaries

Incorporated subsidiaries of CEC Entertainment include Peter Piper, LLC, a similar family entertainment center chain based in
Phoenix, Arizona Phoenix ( ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of cities and towns in Arizona#List of cities and towns, most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona. With over 1.6 million residents at the 2020 census, it is the ...
which was acquired in October 2014; CEC Entertainment Concepts, L.P., which holds the company's trademarks; and SPT Distribution Company, Inc., which serves as the distribution center for the company, including a parts department, technical support, and game refurbishing center, and is based in a warehouse at the Forbes Industrial Park in
Topeka, Kansas Topeka ( ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Kansas and the county seat of Shawnee County. It is along the Kansas River in the central part of Shawnee County, in northeastern Kansas, in the Central United States. As of the 2020 cen ...
In 2013, the warehouse lease would be extended due to the company's long-time presence in Topeka dating back to 1980, as well to keep jobs in the city. The SPT Distribution warehouse has been known to hold different forms of the animatronic characters from several remodeled locations, although a majority of location's shows are destroyed during remodeling or after the location has closed.


Legacy

The restaurant concept inspired the 2010s video game horror series ''
Five Nights at Freddy's ''Five Nights at Freddy's'' (''FNaF'') is a video game series and media franchise created by Scott Cawthon that includes video games, novels, graphic novels, and films. The story arcs typically follow a night guard or other character trying t ...
'', in which the player is a pizza restaurant security guard monitoring rogue animatronic characters. Chuck E. Cheese held a promotion event in October 2023 titled "Five Nights of Fun" parodying the 2023 film ''
Five Nights at Freddy's ''Five Nights at Freddy's'' (''FNaF'') is a video game series and media franchise created by Scott Cawthon that includes video games, novels, graphic novels, and films. The story arcs typically follow a night guard or other character trying t ...
''.


Notes


References


External links

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