The Victory of Montcalms Troops at Carillon by Henry Alexander Ogden

Destruction du vaisseau le Prudent et capture du Bienfaisant a Louisbourg 1758

Events

January–March

January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...

– Swedish biologist

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

(Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoological nomenclature, introducing

binomial nomenclature In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, altho ...

for animals to his established system of

Linnaean taxonomy Linnaean taxonomy can mean either of two related concepts: # The particular form of biological classification (taxonomy) set up by Carl Linnaeus, as set forth in his ''Systema Naturae'' (1735) and subsequent works. In the taxonomy of Linnaeus th ...

. Among the first examples of his system of identifying an organism by genus and then species, Linnaeus identifies the lamprey with the name ''Petromyzon marinus''. He introduces the term ''

Homo sapiens Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are Hominidae, great apes characterized by their Prehistory of nakedness and clothing ...

''. (Date of January 1 assigned retrospectively.) *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. *1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry (bishop of Finland), Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Köyliönjärvi, Lake Köyli� ...

– At Cap-Haïtien in

Haiti Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti, is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of the Bahamas. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican ...

, former slave turned rebel François Mackandal is executed by the French colonial government by being burned at the stake. *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...

–

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

n troops under the command of William Fermor invade East

Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...

and capture

Königsberg Königsberg (; ; ; ; ; ; , ) is the historic Germany, German and Prussian name of the city now called Kaliningrad, Russia. The city was founded in 1255 on the site of the small Old Prussians, Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teuton ...

with 34,000 soldiers; although the city is later abandoned by Russia after the Seven Years' War ends, the city again comes under Russian control in 1945 during World War II and is now named Kaliningrad. *

February 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. * 1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Fer ...

– A fleet of 158 British Royal Navy warships, under the command of Admiral Edward Boscawen, departs from

Plymouth Plymouth ( ) is a port city status in the United Kingdom, city and unitary authority in Devon, South West England. It is located on Devon's south coast between the rivers River Plym, Plym and River Tamar, Tamar, about southwest of Exeter and ...

toward North America in an effort to conquer the French Canadian territories of

New France New France (, ) was the territory colonized by Kingdom of France, France in North America, beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Kingdom of Great Br ...

. Many of the sailors die of nutritional deficiencies along the way, including the scurvy that kills 26 of the crew of HMS ''Pembroke'', captained by future world explorer

James Cook Captain (Royal Navy), Captain James Cook (7 November 1728 – 14 February 1779) was a British Royal Navy officer, explorer, and cartographer famous for his three voyages of exploration to the Pacific and Southern Oceans, conducted between 176 ...

on his first long voyage. *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone o ...

– Jonathan Edwards, the famed English theologian who had assumed the presidency of what is now

Princeton University Princeton University is a private university, private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the List of Colonial ...

only a week earlier, sets an example for students and faculty by publicly receiving an inoculation against

smallpox Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by Variola virus (often called Smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus '' Orthopoxvirus''. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (W ...

. Unfortunately, the vaccine contains live smallpox; Edwards develops the disease and dies on March 22 at the age of 54. * March 16 – Members of the Comanche Nation loot and destroy the Spanish Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá (near modern-day Menard, Texas) and kill eight of the people there, including the mission leader, Father Alonso Giraldo de Terreros.

April–June

* April 29 – Battle of Cuddalore: A British fleet under Sir George Pocock engages the French fleet of Anne Antoine, Comte d'Aché indecisively near

Madras Chennai, also known as Madras ( its official name until 1996), is the capital and largest city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost state of India. It is located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. According to the 2011 Indian ce ...

. * May 21 –

Seven Years' War The Seven Years' War, 1756 to 1763, was a Great Power conflict fought primarily in Europe, with significant subsidiary campaigns in North America and South Asia. The protagonists were Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of Prus ...

–

French and Indian War The French and Indian War, 1754 to 1763, was a colonial conflict in North America between Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of France, France, along with their respective Native Americans in the United States, Native American ...

: Mary Campbell is abducted from her home in

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...

by members of the

Lenape The Lenape (, , ; ), also called the Lenni Lenape and Delaware people, are an Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands, Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in the United States and Canada. The Lenape's historica ...

Nation. * June 8 – Seven Years' War – French and Indian War: Siege of Louisbourg: James Wolfe's attack at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, commences. Schlacht-bei-krefeld

* June 9– 10 – Spanish-Barbary Wars – Battle of Cape Palos: a Spanish squadron of three ships of the line defeats a Barbary squadron made up of a ship of the line and a frigate. * June 23 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Krefeld: Anglo-Hanoverian forces under Ferdinand of Brunswick defeat the French. * June 30 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Domstadtl: Austrian forces under Ernst Gideon von Laudon and Joseph von Siskovits rout an enormous convoy with supplies for the

n army, guarded by strong troops of Hans Joachim von Zieten.

July–September

* July 6 ** Pope Clement XIII succeeds Pope Benedict XIV, as the 248th

pope The pope is the bishop of Rome and the Head of the Church#Catholic Church, visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. He is also known as the supreme pontiff, Roman pontiff, or sovereign pontiff. From the 8th century until 1870, the po ...

. **

– Battle of Bernetz Brook: British troops defeat the French. * July 8 – Seven Years' War: French and Indian War: French forces hold Fort Carillon against the British at Ticonderoga, New York. * July 25 –

– French and Indian War: The island battery at Fortress Louisbourg is silenced, and all French warships are destroyed or taken. * August 3 –

– Battle of Negapatam: Off the coast of India, Admiral Pocock again engages d'Aché's French fleet, this time with more success. * August 25 –

– Battle of Zorndorf: Frederick halts the Russian army of Count Wilhelm Fermor near the Oder. * August 27 –

– British troops under the command of Colonel John Bradstreet capture Fort Frontenac (near the site of what is now

Kingston, Ontario Kingston is a city in Ontario, Canada, on the northeastern end of Lake Ontario. It is at the beginning of the St. Lawrence River and at the mouth of the Cataraqui River, the south end of the Rideau Canal. Kingston is near the Thousand Islands, ...

) from the French. * September 3 –

Távora affair The Távoras affair () was a political scandal of the 18th century Portugal, Portuguese court. The events triggered by the attempted assassination of King Joseph I of Portugal in 1758 ended with the public execution of the entire Távora family, ...

Joseph I of Portugal '' Dom'' Joseph I (; 6 June 1714 – 24 February 1777), known as the Reformer (Portuguese: ''o Reformador''), was King of Portugal from 31 July 1750 until his death in 1777. Among other activities, Joseph was devoted to hunting and the opera. ...

survives an assassination attempt. * September 14 –

– French and Indian War: Battle of Fort Duquesne: A British attack on Fort Duquesne (modern-day

Pittsburgh Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. It is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania#Municipalities, second-most populous city in Pennsylvania (after Philadelphia) and the List of Un ...

) is defeated. Menzelhochkirch

October–December

* October 14 –

: Battle of Hochkirch: Frederick loses a hard-fought battle against the Austrians under Marshal Leopold von Daun, who besieges

Dresden Dresden (; ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; , ) is the capital city of the States of Germany, German state of Saxony and its second most populous city after Leipzig. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, 12th most p ...

. *

November 25 Events Pre-1600 *571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Ancient Rome, Rome, celebrates the first of his three Roman triumph, triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans. *1034 – Máel Coluim II of Scotland, Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, Ki ...

–

: French and Indian War: French forces abandon Fort Duquesne to the British, who then name the area

. * December 13 – The ship '' Duke William'' sinks in the North Atlantic, with the loss of over 360 lives, while deporting

Acadians The Acadians (; , ) are an ethnic group descended from the French colonial empire, French who settled in the New France colony of Acadia during the 17th and 18th centuries. Today, most descendants of Acadians live in either the Northern Americ ...

from

Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island is an island Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. While it is the smallest province by land area and population, it is the most densely populated. The island has several nicknames: "Garden of the Gulf", ...

to France. * December 25 –

Halley's Comet Halley's Comet is the only known List of periodic comets, short-period comet that is consistently visible to the naked eye from Earth, appearing every 72–80 years, though with the majority of recorded apparitions (25 of 30) occurring after ...

is sighted by Johann Georg Palitzsch, confirming Edmund Halley's 1705 prediction of its periodicity.

Date unknown

* The French build the first European settlement in what becomes Erie County, New York, at the mouth of Buffalo Creek. * Rudjer Boscovich publishes his atomic theory, in . * A fire destroys parts of Christiania,

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of ...

. * Marquis Gabriel de Lernay, a French officer captured during the Seven Years' War, establishes a military lodge in Berlin, with the help of Baron de Printzen, master of The Three Globes Lodge at Berlin, and Philipp Samuel Rosa, a disgraced former pastor. * Okadaya (岡田屋), predecessor of AEON, a multiple retailer group, founded in Yokkaichi,

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

. * J. R. Geigy, predecessor of

Novartis Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational corporation, multinational pharmaceutical company, pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland. Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world and was the eighth largest by re ...

, a global pharmaceutical brand, founded in

Basel Basel ( ; ), also known as Basle ( ), ; ; ; . is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine (at the transition from the High Rhine, High to the Upper Rhine). Basel is Switzerland's List of cities in Switzerland, third-most-populo ...

Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...

Births

January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...

– Charles Ganilh, French economist, politician (d. 1836) *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. * 1038 – An earthquake in Dingxiang, China kills an estimate ...

– George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland, born Viscount Trentham, British politician and landowner (d. 1833) *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...

– François Louis Bourdon, French Revolutionary politician (d. 1797) *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...

– Marie Anne Simonis, Belgian textile industrialist (d. 1831) *

– Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze, French chemist (d. 1836) *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. * 1438 – The Co ...

– Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl of Bessborough (d. 1844) *

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...

–

David Ochterlony Major-General Sir David Ochterlony, 1st Baronet, GCB (12 February 1758 – 14 July 1825) was a Bengal Army officer who served as the British resident to the Mughal court at Delhi. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, he spent most of his life on ...

, Massachusetts-born general with the

East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to Indian Ocean trade, trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (South A ...

(d. 1825) *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1047 – Drogo of Hauteville is elected as count of the Apulian Normans during the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, u ...

** Francis Napier, 8th Lord Napier of Great Britain (d. 1823) ** Vasily Kapnist, Ukrainian poet, playwright (d. 1823) *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

– George Thicknesse, 19th Baron Audley, English peer (d.

1818 Events January–March * January 1 ** Battle of Koregaon: Troops of the British East India Company score a decisive victory over the Maratha Confederacy, Maratha Empire. ** English author Mary Shelley publishes the novel ''Frankenstein ...

) *

February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – The Siege of Baghdad ends with the surrender of the last Abbasid caliph to Hulegu Khan, a prince of the Mongol Empire. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bru ...

– Amalia Holst, German writer, intellectual and feminist (d. 1829) * February 17 – John Pinkerton, British antiquarian (d. 1826) *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic), Fourth Council of Co ...

– Nicolas François, Count Mollien, French financier (d. 1850) *

March 9 Events Pre-1600 *141 BC – Liu Che, Posthumous name, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. *1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the Annals of Quedlinburg, annals of the mo ...

– Franz Joseph Gall, German pioneering neuroanatomist (d.

1828 Events January–March * January 4 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac succeeds the Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, Comte de Villèle, as Prime Minister of France. * January 8 – The Democratic Party of the United States is organiz ...

) *

March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. * 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of th ...

– Leopold Karel, Count of Limburg Stirum (d. 1840) * March 15 – Magdalene Sophie Buchholm, Norwegian poet (d. 1826) * April 4 ** John Hoppner, English portrait-painter (d. 1810) ** Pierre-Paul Prud'hon, French painter (d. 1823) * April 16 – Christian Karl August Ludwig von Massenbach, Prussian soldier (d. 1827) * April 22 – Francisco Javier Castaños, 1st Duke of Bailén, Spanish general (d. 1852) * April 23 ** Alexander Hood, British Royal Navy officer (k. 1798) ** Alexander Cochrane, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1832) ** Philip Gidley King, British Royal Navy officer, colonial administrator (d. 1808) * April 27 – Charles Dumont de Sainte-Croix, French zoologist (d. 1830) James Monroe White House portrait 1819

* April 28 – James Monroe, fifth

President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal government of t ...

(d. 1831) * April 29 – Georg Carl von Döbeln, Swedish officer, general and war hero (d.

1820 Events January–March *January 1 – A constitutionalist military insurrection at Cádiz leads to the summoning of the Spanish Parliament to meet on March 7, becoming the nominal beginning of the "Trienio Liberal" in History of Spain (1 ...

) * April 30 ** Emmanuel Vitale, Maltese military leader (d. 1802) ** Jane West, English writer (d. 1852) Robespierre crop

May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...

** Maximilien de Robespierre, French revolutionary (d. 1794) ** André Masséna, Napoleonic general, Marshal of France (d. 1817) * May 8 – John Heath, U.S. Representative for Virginia (d. 1810) * May 15 – Thomas Taylor, English neoplatonist translator (d. 1835) * May 17 ** Sir John St Aubyn, 5th Baronet, English fossil collector (d. 1839) ** Honoré IV, Prince of Monaco (d. 1819) * June 19 – Raffaello Sanzio Morghen, Italian engraver (d. 1833) *

June 29 Events Pre-1600 * 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of Wei. * 1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi. * 1170 – A major earthquake hits Syria, badly damagi ...

– Clotilde Tambroni, Italian

philologist Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources. It is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics with strong ties to etymology. Philology is also defined as the study of ...

, linguist (d. 1817) * July 25 – Elizabeth Hamilton, English writer (d. 1816) * July 31 – , Swiss naturalist (d. 1834) * July 31 – Jeremiah Colegrove, U.S. farmer, manufacturer and soldier (d. 1836) * August 5 – Emperor Go-Momozono of Japan (d. 1779) *

August 14 Events Pre-1600 * 74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan. * 29 BC – Octavian ...

– Carle Vernet, French painter (d. 1835) Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Picton A17581

* August 24 – Thomas Picton, British soldier, colonial governor (k. 1815) * August 25 – Israel Pellew, English naval officer (d. 1832) * September 9 – Alexander Nasmyth, Scottish portrait and landscape painter (d. 1840) * September 10 – Hannah Webster Foster, U.S. novelist (d. 1840) * September 18 – Louis Friant, French Napoleonic soldier (d. 1829) * September 20 – Jean-Jacques Dessalines, leader of the Haitian Revolution (d. 1806) ChristopherGoreByTrumbull

* September 21 ** Antoine Isaac Silvestre de Sacy, French linguist, orientalist (d. 1838) **

Christopher Gore Christopher Gore (September 21, 1758 – March 1, 1827) was a prominent Massachusetts lawyer, Federalist Party (United States), Federalist politician, and U.S. diplomat. Born into a family divided by the American Revolution, Gore sided with th ...

, U.S. lawyer, politician (d. 1827) * September 25 – Maria Anna Thekla Mozart called Marianne, known as Bäsle ("little cousin"), cousin of

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791) was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition and proficiency from an early age ...

(d. 1841) * September 26 – Cosme Argerich, Argentine Surgeon General (d.

)

* September 29 ** Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, British admiral (d. 1805) ** Fanny von Arnstein, Austrian salonnière (d.

) * October 5 – Seymour Fleming, British noblewoman (d.

) * October 6 – Watkin Tench, British Marine officer (d. 1833) * October 11 – Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers, German astronomer (d. 1840) * October 15 – Johann Heinrich von Dannecker, German sculptor (d. 1841) Noah Webster pre-1843 IMG 4412 Cropped

* October 16 – Noah Webster, U.S. lexicographer (d.

1843 Events January–March * January 3 – The '' Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms'' (海國圖志, ''Hǎiguó Túzhì'') compiled by Wei Yuan and others, the first significant Chinese work on the West, is published in China. * J ...

) * October 22/6 – Vincenzo Dandolo, Italian chemist, agriculturist (d. 1819) * October 28 – John Sibthorp, English botanist (d. 1796) * October 28 – Joseph-François-Louis-Charles de Damas, French general (d. 1829) * October 31 – Thomas Gisborne, Anglican priest, abolitionist (d. 1846) * November 5 –

Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars (5 November 1758, Saint-Martin-de-la-Place, Bournois – 12 May 1831, Paris) was a French botanist known for his work collecting and describing orchids from the three islands of Madagascar, Mauritius and R� ...

, French botanist (d. 1831) *

November 11 Events Pre-1600 * 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, '' Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of th ...

** Carl Friedrich Zelter, German composer (d. 1832) ** Caleb P. Bennett, U.S. soldier, politician (d. 1836) * November 14 – William Bradley, British Royal Navy officer and cartographer (d. 1833) * November 16 – Peter Andreas Heiberg, Danish author, philologist (d. 1841) * December 5 – George Beauclerk, 4th Duke of St Albans (d. 1787) * December 9 – Richard Colt Hoare, English antiquarian, archaeologist (d. 1838) * December 21 – Jean Baptiste Eblé, French general (d. 1812)

Date unknown

* Georges Antoine Chabot, French jurist, statesman (d. 1819) * Nicholas Fish, U.S. Revolutionary soldier (d. 1833) * Anthimos Gazis, Greek scholar, philosopher (d.

) * Samuel Hardy, U.S. lawyer and statesman from Virginia (d. 1785) * Jamphel Gyatso, 8th Dalai Lama of Tibet (d.

1804 Events January–March * January 1 – Haiti gains independence from France, and becomes the first black republic. * February 4 – The Sokoto Caliphate is founded in West Africa. * February 14 – The First Serbian uprising begins th ...

) * Charles Lee, U.S. Attorney General (d. 1815) * Samuel Sterett, American politician, U.S. Representative for Maryland (d. 1833) * Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité, Empress of Haiti (d. 1858)

Probable

* Kamehameha I, King of Hawaii (d. c. 1819)

Deaths

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of the Roman Republic, Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army, prompting the tribunes who support him to flee to where Caesar is waiting in Ravenna ...

– Allan Ramsay, Scottish poet (b. 1686) *

– James Hamilton, 6th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish peer (b. 1724) *

January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the C ...

– François Nicole, French mathematician (b. 1683) *

– Thomas Ripley, English architect (b. 1683) *

March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost ...

– Pierre Guérin de Tencin, French cardinal (b. 1679) *

March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 845 – The 42 Martyrs of Amorium are killed after refusing to convert to Islam. * 1204 &ndas ...

– Henry Vane, 1st Earl of Darlington, English politician (b. c. 1705) * March 18 ** Matthew Hutton, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1693) ** Thomas Zebrowski, Lithuanian Jesuit scientist (b. 1714)

March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthel ...

** Jonathan Edwards, American minister (b. 1703) ** Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (b. 1670) *

April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First '' Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Em ...

– Joseph Blanchard, American soldier (b. 1704) *

April 21 Events Pre-1600 * 753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is mur ...

– Francesco Zerafa, Maltese architect (b. 1679) * April 22 – Antoine de Jussieu, French naturalist (b. 1686) * April 30 – François d'Agincourt, French composer (b. 1684) * May 3 – Pope Benedict XIV (b. 1675) * May 28 – Ernst August II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Eisenach (b. 1737) * June 9 – Antonio de los Reyes Correa, Puerto Rican soldier (b. c. 1665) * June 12 – Prince Augustus William of Prussia (b. 1722) * July 6 – George Howe, 3rd Viscount Howe, British general (in battle) (b. c. 1725) Marthanda Vurmah Maha Rajah

* July 7 – Marthanda Varma, Rani of Attingal (b. 1706) * July 15 – Ambrosius Stub, Danish poet (b. 1705) * July 18 – Duncan Campbell, Scottish soldier * August 2 – George Booth, 2nd Earl of Warrington, English noble (b. 1675) * August 15 – Pierre Bouguer, French mathematician (b. 1698) * August 17 – Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin, Russian soldier (b. 1702) *

August 23 Events Pre-1600 * 30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Ca ...

– Ulrika Eleonora von Düben, Swedish lady in waiting (b. 1722) * August 27 – Barbara of Portugal, Princess of Portugal and Queen of Spain (b. 1711) * September 5 – Dmitry Ivanovich Vinogradov, Russian chemist (b. c. 1720) * September 15 – Adina Beg Khan, Nawab of Punjab (b. 1710) * September 23 – John FitzPatrick, 1st Earl of Upper Ossory (b. 1719) * October 2 ''(bur.)'' – Philip Southcote, English landscape gardener (b. 1698) * October 12 – Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth, British field marshal (b. 1680) * October 14 ** Wilhelmine of Prussia, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, daughter of Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia (b. 1709) ** James Francis Edward Keith, Scottish soldier and Prussian field marshal (b. 1696) * October 20 – Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough, British politician (b. 1706) * October 25/8 –

Theophilus Cibber Theophilus Cibber (25 or 26 November 1703 – October 1758) was an English actor, playwright, author, and son of the actor-manager Colley Cibber. He began acting at an early age, and followed his father into theatrical management. In 1727, Alex ...

, English actor (b. 1703) * November 5 – Hans Egede, Norwegian Lutheran missionary (b. 1686) * November 12 – John Cockburn, Scottish politician (b. c. 1679) * November 20 – Johan Helmich Roman, Swedish composer (b. 1694) * November 22 – Richard Edgcumbe, 1st Baron Edgcumbe, English politician (b. 1680) * November 27 – Senesino, Italian singer (b. 1686) * December 5 – Johann Friedrich Fasch, German composer (b. 1688) * December 12 – Françoise de Graffigny, French lettrist (b. 1695) * December 16 – Andrzej Stanisław Załuski, Polish-Lithuanian bishop (b. 1695) * December 17 – Charles Butler, 1st Earl of Arran, Anglo-Irish noble (b. 1671) * December 25 – James Hervey, English clergyman, writer (b. 1714) * December 26 – François Joseph Lagrange-Chancel, French dramatist, satirist (b. 1677)

Date unknown

* François Mackandal, Haitian revolutionary leader, burned at the stake (b. c. 1730) * Nathaniel Meserve, American shipwright (b. 1704) * Hyder Ali and his Sepoy capture

Bangalore Bengaluru, also known as Bangalore (List of renamed places in India#Karnataka, its official name until 1 November 2014), is the Capital city, capital and largest city of the southern States and union territories of India, Indian state of Kar ...

from "Khande Rao of the Maratha Confederacy". (Part of the

). * Verónica II Guterres, African monarch

References

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