Ternopil, known until 1944 mostly as Tarnopol, is a

city A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agree ...

in western

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

, located on the banks of the

Seret River The Seret ( Ukrainian: Серéт) is the left tributary of the Dniester that flows through the Ternopil Oblast of Ukraine. It is long and its basin area is . The towns of Ternopil, Terebovlia and Chortkiv sit along the river's banks. Some of ...

. Ternopil is one of the major cities of

Western Ukraine Western Ukraine or West Ukraine (, ) refers to the western territories of Ukraine. There is no universally accepted definition of the territory's boundaries, but the contemporary Ukrainian administrative regions ( oblasts) of Chernivtsi, I ...

and the historical regions of Galicia and

Podolia Podolia or Podillia is a historic region in Eastern Europe located in the west-central and southwestern parts of Ukraine and northeastern Moldova (i.e. northern Transnistria). Podolia is bordered by the Dniester River and Boh River. It features ...

. The population of Ternopil was estimated at The city is the

administrative center An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgiu ...

Ternopil Oblast Ternopil Oblast (), also referred to as Ternopilshchyna () or Ternopillia (), is an Oblasts of Ukraine, oblast (province) of Ukraine. Its Capital (political), administrative center is Ternopil, through which flows the Seret (river), Seret, a tribu ...

(

region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as areas, zones, lands or territories, are portions of the Earth's surface that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and ...

), as well as of surrounding

Ternopil Raion Ternopil Raion () is a raion in Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Ternopil. It has a population of On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast was reduced ...

(

district A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...

) within the oblast. It hosts the administration of

Ternopil urban hromada Ternopil urban hromada () is a hromada of Ukraine, in Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast. Its Capital (political), administrative center is Ternopil. Population: History The amalgamated hromada was created 14 November 2018 by uniting 5 rural ...

, one of the

hromada In Ukraine, a hromada () is the main type of municipality and the third level Administrative divisions of Ukraine, local self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine, Government of Uk ...

s of Ukraine.

History

The city was founded in 1540 by Polish commander and

Hetman ''Hetman'' is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders (comparable to a field marshal or imperial marshal in the Holy Roman Empire). First used by the Czechs in Bohemia in the 15th century, ...

Jan Amor Tarnowski Jan Amor Tarnowski (Latin: Joannes Tarnovius; 1488 – 16 May 1561) was a Polish people, Polish szlachta, nobleman, knight, military commander, military theoretician, and statesman of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. He was Grand Crown He ...

. Its Polish name, ''Tarnopol'', means 'Tarnowski's city' and stems from a combination of the founder's family name and the

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

term ''

polis Polis (: poleis) means 'city' in Ancient Greek. The ancient word ''polis'' had socio-political connotations not possessed by modern usage. For example, Modern Greek πόλη (polē) is located within a (''khôra''), "country", which is a πατ ...

''. The city served as a military stronghold and castle protecting the eastern borders of

Polish Kingdom The Kingdom of Poland (; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a monarchy in Central Europe during the medieval period from 1025 until 1385. Background The West Slavic tribe of Polans who lived in what is today the historic region of Greater Po ...

from

Tatar Tatar may refer to: Peoples * Tatars, an umbrella term for different Turkic ethnic groups bearing the name "Tatar" * Volga Tatars, a people from the Volga-Ural region of western Russia * Crimean Tatars, a people from the Crimea peninsula by the B ...

raids. On 15 April 1540, the

King of Poland Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of Royal elections in Poland, free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electab ...

Sigismund I the Old Sigismund I the Old (, ; 1 January 1467 – 1 April 1548) was List of Polish monarchs, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1506 until his death in 1548. Sigismund I was a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty, the son of Casimir IV of P ...

, in

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

gave Tarnowski permission to establish Tarnopol, near Sopilcze (''Sopilche''). In 1570, the city passed to the

Ostrogski family The House of Ostrogski (; ; ) was one of the more prominent families in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The family spanned from the 14th century Ruthenian noble Daniil Ostrogski ...

, and in 1623 to the

Zamoyski family The House of Zamoyski (plural: Zamoyscy) is an important Polish noble (''szlachta'') family belonging to the category of Polish magnates. They used the Jelita coat of arms. The surname "Zamoyski" literally means "of/from Zamość" and refle ...

. During the

Khmelnytsky Uprising The Khmelnytsky Uprising, also known as the Cossack–Polish War, Khmelnytsky insurrection, or the National Liberation War, was a Cossack uprisings, Cossack rebellion that took place between 1648 and 1657 in the eastern territories of the Poli ...

, many residents of the city joined the ranks of the

Cossack The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic Eastern Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borders of Ukraine and Rus ...

forces. During the 1672–1676 Polish–Ottoman War, Tarnopol was almost completely destroyed by Turkish forces of Ibrahim Shishman Pasha in 1675, then rebuilt by Aleksander Koniecpolski. In 1772, after the

First Partition of Poland The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia an ...

, the city came under

Austrian Austrian may refer to: * Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent ** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen * Austrian German dialect * Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ** Austria-Hungary ** Austria ...

rule. In 1809, after the

War of the Fifth Coalition The War of the Fifth Coalition was a European conflict in 1809 that was part of the Napoleonic Wars and the Coalition Wars. The main conflict took place in Central Europe between the Austrian Empire of Francis I and Napoleon's French Emp ...

, the city came under

Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...

rule, incorporated into the newly created ''Ternopol krai'', but in 1815 returned to

rule in accordance with the

Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon, Napol ...

. In 1870 Tarnopol was connected by railway with

Lemberg Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...

. During

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

, the city passed from

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

and

Austro-Hungarian Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic alliance, it consist ...

forces to Russia several times. In 1917, the city and its castle were burned down by fleeing Russian forces. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the city was proclaimed as part of the

West Ukrainian People's Republic The West Ukrainian People's Republic (; West Ukrainian People's Republic#Name, see other names) was a short-lived state that controlled most of Eastern Galicia from November 1918 to July 1919. It included major cities of Lviv, Ternopil, Kolom ...

on 11 November 1918. After

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Polish people, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken * Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin ...

forces captured

Lwów Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...

during the Polish-Ukrainian War, Tarnopol became the country's temporary capital. After the act of union between the West Ukrainian Republic and the

Ukrainian People's Republic The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) was a short-lived state in Eastern Europe. Prior to its proclamation, the Central Council of Ukraine was elected in March 1917 Ukraine after the Russian Revolution, as a result of the February Revolution, ...

, Ternopil formally became part of the UPR. On 15 July 1919, the city was captured. The Jewish and German population accepted the new Ukrainian state, but the Poles started a military campaign against the Ukrainian authority ..On

November 11, 1918 The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice signed in a railroad car, in the Compiègne Forest near the town of Compiègne, that ended fighting on land, at sea, and in the air in World War I between the Entente and their las ...

following bloody fighting, the Polish forces captured Lwów. The government of the WUPR moved to Ternopol and from the end of December the Council and the Government of the WUPR were located in Stanislaviv.
West Ukrainian People's Republic
in the "Dovidnyk z istoriï Ukraïny" (A hand-book on the

History of Ukraine The history of Ukraine spans thousands of years, tracing its roots to the Pontic–Caspian steppe, Pontic steppe—one of the key centers of the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages, Indo-European migrations, and early domestication of the horse, hors ...

), 3-Volumes, Kyiv, 1993–1999, (t. 1), (t. 2), (t. 3). by Polish forces. In July and August 1920, the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...

captured Ternopil in the course of the Polish-Soviet War, and the city served as the capital of the short-lived

Galician Soviet Socialist Republic The Galician Soviet Socialist Republic was a short-lived, self-declared Bolshevik political entity that existed from 15 July to formally 21 September 1920 with the capital in the city of Tarnopol (Ternopil). The communist state was established d ...

. Under the terms of the Riga treaty, the area remained under Polish control. Kostel Ternopil

As a consequence of the

Soviet invasion of Poland The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military conflict by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war. On 17 September 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Second Polish Republic, Poland from the east, 16 days after Nazi Germany invaded Polan ...

in 1939, Ternopil was incorporated into the

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkrSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine or just Ukraine, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991. ...

as part of Ternopol Oblast. On 2 July 1941, the city was occupied by the Nazis. Between then and July 1943, 10,000 Jews were killed by Nazi Germans with the help of ukrainian militia, and another 6,000 were rounded up and sent to

Belzec extermination camp Belzec (English: or , Polish: , approximately ) was a Nazi German extermination camp in occupied Poland. It was built by the SS for the purpose of implementing the secretive Operation Reinhard, the plan to murder all Polish Jews, a major p ...

. A few hundred others went to labor camps. During most of this time Jews lived in the Tarnopol Ghetto. Many Ukrainians were sent as

forced labour Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of ...

to Germany. Following the

act of restoration of the Ukrainian state The act of restoration of the Ukrainian state () or proclamation of the Ukrainian state of June 30, 1941, was announced by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) under the leadership of Stepan Bandera, who declared an independent Ukr ...

, proclaimed by the

Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists The Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN; ) was a Ukrainian nationalist organization established on February 2, 1929 in Vienna, uniting the Ukrainian Military Organization with smaller, mainly youth, radical nationalist right-wing groups. ...

Lviv Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...

on 30 June 1941, the

Ukrainian Insurgent Army The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (, abbreviated UPA) was a Ukrainian nationalist partisan formation founded by the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) on 14 October 1942. The UPA launched guerrilla warfare against Nazi Germany, the S ...

(UPA) was active in the Ternopil region and battled for the independence of Ukraine, opposing the Polish underground

Armia Krajowa The Home Army (, ; abbreviated AK) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Armed Resistance) established in the ...

and

People's Army of Poland The Polish People's Army (, ; LWP) was the second formation of the Polish Armed Forces in the East during the latter stages of the World War II, Second World War (1943–1945), and subsequently the armed forces of the History of Poland (1945 ...

as well as the Nazis and the Soviets. In 1942 the Germans operated the Stalag 323

prisoner-of-war camp A prisoner-of-war camp (often abbreviated as POW camp) is a site for the containment of enemy fighters captured as Prisoner of war, prisoners of war by a belligerent power in time of war. There are significant differences among POW camps, inte ...

for French POWs in the city. During the Soviet offensive in March and April 1944, the city was almost completely destroyed by Soviet artillery. It was occupied by the Red Army on 15 April 1944. After the second Soviet occupation, 85% of the city's living quarters were destroyed. Following the Potsdam Conference in 1945, Poland's borders were redrawn and Ternopil was incorporated into the Ukrainian SSR of the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

. The ethnic Polish population of the area was forcibly deported to postwar Poland. In the following decades, Ternopil was rebuilt in a typical Soviet style and only a few buildings were reconstructed. Following the

fall of the Soviet Union The Soviet Union was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration No. 142-N of the Soviet of Nationalities, Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. :s: ...

, Ternopil became part of independent

, as a city of regional significance. On 31 December 2013, the 11th Artillery Brigade, the descendant of artillery units that had been based in the city since 1949, was disbanded. In 2020, as part of the administrative reform in Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three, the city was merged into Ternopil Raion. During the

Russo-Ukrainian War The Russo-Ukrainian War began in February 2014 and is ongoing. Following Ukraine's Revolution of Dignity, Russia Russian occupation of Crimea, occupied and Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, annexed Crimea from Ukraine. It then ...

, Ternopil was struck by Russian missiles on 13 May 2023, minutes before Ternopil natives Tvorchi performed at the

Eurovision Song Contest 2023 The Eurovision Song Contest 2023 was the 67th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Liverpool, United Kingdom, as , the winner of the with the song "Stefania (song), Stefania" by Kalush Orchestra, was unable to host the eve ...

Geography

Climate

Ternopil has a moderate

continental climate Continental climates often have a significant annual variation in temperature (warm to hot summers and cold winters). They tend to occur in central and eastern parts of the three northern-tier continents (North America, Europe, and Asia), typi ...

with cold winters and warm summers.

Demographics

According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, Ternopil city and Ternopil Oblast are homogeneously populated by ethnic Ukrainians. Both Ternopil city and Ternopil Oblast are also homogeneously Ukrainian-speaking. National breakdown of

(total population 1,138,500): * Ukrainians: 1,113,500 (97.8%) * Russians: 14,250 (1.2%) * Poles: 3,800 (0.3%) Native languages in Ternopil: *

Ukrainian language Ukrainian (, ) is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Ukraine. It is the first language, first (native) language of a large majority of Ukrainians. Written Ukrainian uses the Ukrainian alphabet, a variant of t ...

: 94.8% *

Russian language Russian is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is ...

: 3.37% *

Belarusian language Belarusian (, ) is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language. It is one of the two Languages of Belarus, official languages in Belarus, the other being Russian language, Russian. It is also spoken in parts of Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Polan ...

: 0.07% *

Polish language Polish (, , or simply , ) is a West Slavic languages, West Slavic language of the Lechitic languages, Lechitic subgroup, within the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, and is written in the Latin script. It is primarily spo ...

: 0.04% According to a survey conducted by the

International Republican Institute The International Republican Institute (IRI) is an American nonprofit organization founded in 1983 and funded and supported by the United States federal government. Most of its board is drawn from the Republican Party. Its public mission is to a ...

in 2023, 98% of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home and 1% spoke Russian.

Economy

Ternopil is a centre for the

light industry Light industry are Industry (economics), industries that usually are less Capital intensity, capital-intensive than heavy industry, heavy industries and are more consumer-oriented than business-oriented, as they typically produce smaller consum ...

food industry The food industry is a complex, global network of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world's population. The food industry today has become highly diversified, with manufacturing ranging from small, traditional, ...

, radio-electronic and construction industries. In the Soviet and early post-Soviet period, a harvester plant and a porcelain factory operated in the city.

Transport

Ternopil is an important railway hub with connections to most major railway stations of Ukraine. The city lies on the M12 international highway connecting western and central regions of Ukraine. Trolleybus lines and a bus station are active in the city. Water transport operates on Ternopil artificial lake mostly for tourist purposes. An airport was opened for civilian traffic in 1985, but ceased commercial operations in 2010.

Higher education

Universities include: * West Ukrainian National University * Ternopil Ivan Pul'uj National Technical University * Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University * Ternopil State Medical University

Main sights

* Ternopil Regional Art Museum * Ternopil Drama Theater *

Church of the Exaltation of the Cross, Ternopil Church of the Holy Cross (Vozdvyzhenska, Zdvyzhenska, Nadstavna) is the oldest church in Ternopil in western Ukraine. It is an architectural monument A monument is a type of structure that was explicitly created to commemorate a person or e ...

Ukrainian Greek Catholic The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC) is a major archiepiscopal '' sui iuris'' ("autonomous") Eastern Catholic church that is based in Ukraine. As a particular church of the Catholic Church, it is in full communion with the Holy See. ...

Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of The Blessed Virgin Mary * The sanctuary of Our Lady of Zarvanytsia with a miraculous icon of the 13th century called icon of the Mother of God of Zarvanytsia, sanctuary of Greek-Catholic rite. Located about 40 km from Ternopil, celebrated on 22 July.

Notable people

Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz (; 12 December 1890 – 12 April 1963) was a Polish philosopher and logician, a prominent figure in the Lwów–Warsaw school of logic. He originated many novel ideas in semantics. Among these was categorial grammar, a ...

(1890–1963), Polish philosopher and

logician Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths. It examines how conclusions follow from premises based on the structure of arg ...

, researched

model theory In mathematical logic, model theory is the study of the relationship between theory (mathematical logic), formal theories (a collection of Sentence (mathematical logic), sentences in a formal language expressing statements about a Structure (mat ...

Henryk Baranowski Henryk Baranowski (9 February 1943 – 27 July 2013) was a Polish theatre, opera and film director, actor, stage designer, playwright, screenwriter and poet. He is best known for his starring role in the film '' Dekalog: One'' directed by Krzysz ...

(1943–2013), Polish theatre, opera and film director, actor, playwright and poet * Vasyl Barvinsky (1888–1963), Ukrainian composer, pianist, conductor and musicologist * Eugeniusz Baziak (1890–1962), Archbishop of

and apostolic administrator of

. * Natalia Buchynska (born 1977), singer, brought up in Ternopil. *

Mykola Bychok Mykola Bychok, (; born 13 February 1980) is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic prelate who has served as Eparch of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne, Australia since 2020. Pope Francis made him a cardinal on 7 December 2024, making him the youngest m ...

(born 1980),

cardinal and bishop * Vitaly Derekh (1987–2022), Ukrainian journalist and soldier * Mariia Dilai (born 1980), Ukrainian artist, designer, and social activist * Alexandre Eremenko (born 1954), Ukrainian-American mathematician * Daria Chubata (born 1940), Ukrainian physician, author and social activist * Mykola Chubatyi (1889-1975), historian of Ukrainian Church * Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski (1885–1940), aristocratic Polish landowner and

Katyn massacre The Katyn massacre was a series of mass killings under Communist regimes, mass executions of nearly 22,000 Polish people, Polish military officer, military and police officers, border guards, and intelligentsia prisoners of war carried out by t ...

victim * Charlotte Eisler (1894-1970), Austrian singer and pianist with the

Second Viennese School The Second Viennese School () was the group of composers that comprised Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils, particularly Alban Berg and Anton Webern, and close associates in early 20th-century Vienna. Their music was initially characterized by late ...

* Kornel Filipowicz (1913–1990), Polish novelist, poet, screenwriter and short story writer * Franciszek Kleeberg (1888–1941), Polish general in the

Austro-Hungarian Army The Austro-Hungarian Army, also known as the Imperial and Royal Army,; was the principal ground force of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918. It consisted of three organisations: the Common Army (, recruited from all parts of Austria-Hungary), ...

* Bohdan Levkiv (1950–2021), Ukrainian politician and mayor of Ternopil from 2002 to 2006 * Pepi Litman (1874–1930), cross-dressing female Yiddish vaudeville singer *

Kazimierz Michałowski Kazimierz Józef Marian Michałowski (14 December 1901, in Tarnopol – 1 January 1981, in Warsaw) was a Polish archaeologist and Egyptologist, Art history, art historian, member of the Polska Akademia Nauk, Polish Academy of Sciences, profe ...

, (1901–1981), Polish archaeologist,

Egyptologist Egyptology (from ''Egypt'' and Greek , ''-logia''; ) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt. The topics studied include ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end ...

and art historian *

Serhiy Nadal Serhiy Vitaliiovych Nadal (; born 1 January 1975) is a Ukrainian politician. He is the mayor of Ternopil and head of Ternopil urban hromada in western Ukraine. A member of the Svoboda party, Nadal has been mayor since 2010. Nadal's 2010 elect ...

(born 1975), Ukrainian politician and mayor of Ternopil since 2010 * Yuriy Oliynyk (1931–2021), Ukrainian composer, concert pianist and professor of music in the United States Stecko

Jakub Karol Parnas Jakub Karol Parnas, also known as Yakov Oskarovich Parnas (; January 16, 1884 – January 29, 1949) was a prominent Polish–Soviet biochemist who contributed to the discovery of the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway, together with Otto F ...

(1884–1949), biochemist, born in Ternopil * Joseph Perl, (1773–1839), Ashkenazi Jewish educator and writer, a scion of the

Haskalah The ''Haskalah'' (; literally, "wisdom", "erudition" or "education"), often termed the Jewish Enlightenment, was an intellectual movement among the Jews of Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, with a certain influence on those in Wester ...

* Simhah Pinsker (1801–1864), Polish-Jewish scholar and archeologist * Antoni Reichenberg (1825–1903), Polish priest, Jesuit, and artist * Rudolf Pöch (1870–1921), doctor and anthropologist; pioneer photographer and cinematographer *

Roza Pomerantz-Meltzer Roza Pomerantz-Meltzer (Polish: Róża Pomeranc-Melcer; November 5, 1880 – October 19, 1934)died at age 55, Oct. 20, 1934, American Jewish Yearbook, By American Jewish Committee, Jewish Publication Society of America, 1935, p. 270 was a Po ...

(1880–1934), Polish writer and novelist based in Lviv and politician *

Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport (; June 1, 1786 – October 15, 1867) was a Galician and Czech rabbi and Jewish scholar. Rapoport was known by an acronym "Shir", שי"ר occasionally שיל"ר, formed by the initial letters of his Hebrew n ...

(1786–1867), a Galician and Czech rabbi and Jewish scholar * Karol Rathaus (1895—1954), Polish-Austrian-American modernist composer * Eduard Romanyuta (born 1992), Ukrainian singer, songwriter, actor and TV presenter * Baron Lajos Simonyi de Barbács et Vitézvár (1824–1894), Hungarian politician *

Ruslan Stefanchuk Ruslan Oleksiyovych Stefanchuk (; born 29 October 1975) is a Ukrainian politician and lawyer serving as the chairman of the Verkhovna Rada since October 2021. Stefanchuk was touted as the ideologue of Volodymyr Zelenskyy's election campaign in ...

(born 1975), Ukrainian politician, party chairman and lawyer * Yaroslav Stetsko (1912–1986), leader of

(OUN) from 1968 * Oleh Syrotyuk (born 1978), Ukrainian politician, Governor of Ternopil Oblast in 2014 *

Jan Tarnowski Jan Amor Tarnowski (Latin: Joannes Tarnovius; 1488 – 16 May 1561) was a Polish nobleman, knight, military commander, military theoretician, and statesman of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. He was Grand Crown Hetman from 1527, and wa ...

(1488-1561), Polish general and nobleman, founder of Ternopil (as Tarnopol). * Judd L. Teller (1912–1972), Jewish author, social historian and poet; emigrated to the United States in 1921 * Tvorchi,

electronic music Electronic music broadly is a group of music genres that employ electronic musical instruments, circuitry-based music technology and software, or general-purpose electronics (such as personal computers) in its creation. It includes both music ...

duo that represented Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023 * Baroness Adelma Vay (1840–1925),

medium Medium may refer to: Aircraft *Medium bomber, a class of warplane * Tecma Medium, a French hang glider design Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''The Medium'' (1921 film), a German silent film * ''The Medium'' (1951 film), a film vers ...

and pioneer of

spiritualism Spiritualism may refer to: * Spiritual church movement, a group of Spiritualist churches and denominations historically based in the African-American community * Spiritualism (beliefs), a metaphysical belief that the world is made up of at leas ...

in Slovenia and Hungary

Sport

* Olga Babiy (born 1989), Ukrainian chess player and Woman Grandmaster * Petr Badlo (born 1976), Ukrainian football manager and former footballer with 470 club caps * Olha Maslivets (born 1978), Russian windsurfer who competed at four Summer Olympics * Ihor Semenyna (born 1989), Ukrainian football midfielder with 330 club caps

People from Ternopil Oblast

Aleksander Brückner Aleksander Brückner (; 29 January 1856 – 24 May 1939) was a Polish scholar of Slavic languages and literature (Slavistics), philologist, lexicographer, and historian of literature. He is among the most notable Slavicists of the late 19th ...

, (1856 in Berezhany – 1939), Polish scholar of Slavic languages and literature * Volodymyr Hnatiuk (1871 in Velesniv, Buchach – 1926), Ukrainian writer, literary scholar, journalist and ethnographer *

Bohdan Lepky Bohdan Teodor Nestor Sylvestrovych Lepky, (, 9 November 1872 – 21 July 1941) was a Ukrainian writer, poet, scholar, public figure, and artist. He was born on 9 November 1872, in the village of Kryvenke, in the same house where the Polish ...

(1872-1941), Ukrainian writer, poet and artist *

Ivan Horbachevsky Ivan Yakovych Horbachevsky (; 15 May 1854 – 24 May 1942), also known as Jan Horbaczewski, Johann Horbaczewski or Ivan Horbaczewski, was an Austrian chemist and politician of Ukrainian origin. Biography Ivan Horbachevsky was born on 15 May ...

(1854-1942), Ukrainian chemist and politician active in

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...

, Minister of Healthcare of

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Josyf Slipyj Josyf Slipyi (, born as ; 17 February 1892 – 7 September 1984) was a Major Archbishop of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and a cardinal of the Catholic Church. Life Genealogy Josyf Slipyj's father, Joannes (Ivan) Slipyj, was born 17 ...

(1892-1984),

priest, Metropolitan of Lviv and Halych *

Solomiya Krushelnytska Solomiya KrushelnytskaHer name is sometimes spelt as Solomiya Ambrosiyivna Krushelnytska, Salomea Krusceniski, Krushel'nytska or Kruszelnicka. (; – November 16, 1952) was a Ukrainian lyric-dramatic soprano, considered to be one of the bright ...

(1872 in Biliavyntsi — 1952), Ukrainian

soprano A soprano () is a type of classical singing voice and has the highest vocal range of all voice types. The soprano's vocal range (using scientific pitch notation) is from approximately middle C (C4) = 261 Hertz, Hz to A5 in Choir, choral ...

(1872 in Krehulets – 1941), Ukrainian writer, poet, scholar, public figure, and artist * Ivan Pului (1845 in Hrymailiv – 1918), physicist and inventor, developed use of X-rays for

medical imaging Medical imaging is the technique and process of imaging the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology). Medical imaging seeks to revea ...

* Casimir Zeglen (1869 near Tarnopol - 1927), Polish-American engineer, inventor of commercial bulletproof vest * Methodius (Kudriakov) (1949-2015), metropolitan of the

Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church The Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC; (UAPTs)) was one of the three major Eastern Orthodox churches in Ukraine in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, together with the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP) ...

. * Serhiy Prytula (born 1981 in Zbarazh), Ukrainian TV show host, political activist, founder of

Charity Foundation of Serhiy Prytula Charity may refer to: Common meanings * Charitable organization or charity, a non-profit organization whose primary objectives are philanthropy and social well-being of persons * Charity (practice), the practice of being benevolent, giving and sha ...

* Volodymyr Chornobay (born 1954), Ukrainian artist * Karolina Shiino (born 1997), Japanese model and disgraced winner of the 2024

Miss Nippon is a Japanese beauty pageant. In the past 57 competitions, the total number of applications is 118,794 people and the Grand Prix is 55 people. It started in 1950 by the Yomiuri Shimbun and is held every year by the "Miss Nippon Associatio ...

pageant

Lived in Ternopil

* Sofia Yablonska (1907-1971), Ukrainian-French travel writer, photographer and architect *

Les Kurbas Oleksandr-Zenon Stepanovych Kurbas (; 24 February 1887 – 30 November 1937), was a Ukrainians, Ukrainian movie and theater director. He is considered by many to be the most important Ukrainian theater director of the 20th century. He formed, ...

(1887-1937), Ukrainian theatre director and actor, founder of the first Ukrainian theatre in Ternopil

International relations

Ternopil is twinned with: *

Erftstadt Erftstadt () is a town located about 20 km south-west of Cologne in the Rhein-Erft-Kreis, state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The name of the town derives from the river that flows through it, the Erft. The neighbouring towns are Brüh ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

since 2023 *

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Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...

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''(since 1991)'' *

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Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

''(since 1992)'' *

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* Prudentopolis,

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Former twin towns include: *

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Stadium naming controversy

In 2021, Ternopil created international outrage, especially in the Jewish community, by deciding to name a city stadium in honor of Nazi collaborator

Roman Shukhevych Roman-Taras Osypovych Shukhevych (, also known by his pseudonym, Tur and Taras Chuprynka; 30 June 1907 – 5 March 1950) was a Ukrainian nationalism, Ukrainian nationalist and a military leader of the nationalist Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) ...

. Shukhevych was the military leader of the

during World War II and was known for his collaboration with the Nazi regime as well as his responsibility for the

massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia The Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia (; ) were carried out in Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), German-occupied Poland by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), with the support of parts of the local Ukrainians, Ukrainian popu ...

. As a result, the City Council of

decided to suspend its partnership with Ternopil.

Joel Lion Joel Lion (; born 1964) is an Israeli diplomat, currently serving as Dual accreditation, Non-Resident Ambassador of the Israel, State of Israel to the Armenia, Republic of Armenia with residence in Jerusalem. A senior member of the Ministry of ...

, the Israeli Ambassador to Ukraine, expressed Israel’s strong objection to the city's choice to name the stadium in honor of Roman Shukhevych. Lion wrote, ''"We strongly condemn the decision of Ternopil city council to name the City Stadium after the infamous Hauptman (Captain) of the SS 201st Schutzmannschaft Roman Shukhevych and demand the immediate cancellation of this decision"''. The Eastern Europe Director of the

Simon Wiesenthal Center The Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC) is a Jewish human rights organization established in 1977 by Rabbi Marvin Hier. The center is known for Holocaust research and remembrance, hunting Nazi war criminals, combating antisemitism, tolerance educati ...

, Efraim Zuroff wrote, ''"It is fully understandable that Ternopil seeks to honor those who fought against Soviet Communism, but not those behind the mass murder of innocent fellow citizens."'' in a statement attempting to convince Ternopil to reconsider the ''"renaming of its stadium in honor of Nazi collaborator, Hauptmann of the SS Schutzmannschaft 201, Roman Shukhevych, an active participant in the mass murder of Jews and Poles in World War II."''

Russo-Ukrainian War

In June 2022, due to the full-scale Russian invasion and missile strikes from the territory of

, Ternopil suspended its partnership with the city of

Festivals

An international open-air music festival called has been held annually near Ternopil for 2–4 days in July since 2013.

Notes

References

Sources

* A. Bresler, Joseph Perl, ''Warsaw'', 1879, passim; * '' Allg. Zeit. des Jud.'' 1839, iii. 606; * * J. H. Gurland, ''Le-Ḳarot ha-Gezerot'', p. 22,

Odesa Odesa, also spelled Odessa, is the third most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern ...

, 1892; * * Orgelbrandt, in ''Encyklopedia Powszechna'', xiv. 409;

External links

* *
Ternopil City Council

Ternopil photosTernopil City Sights

Historical footage of war damages at Ternopil (1917)

filmportal.de filmportal.de is an online database of information related to German film. It includes extensive information on films and filmmakers as well as articles on film issues. The website was released on occasion of the 54th Berlin International Film ...

* {{Authority control Cities in Ternopil Oblast Holocaust locations in Ukraine Populated places established in 1540 Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine Cities of regional significance in Ukraine Oblast centers in Ukraine