Şêxbizin () is a

Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish language ** Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) **Central Kurdish (Sorani) **Southern Kurdish ** Laki Kurdish *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern ...

tribe present near

Koy Sanjaq Koy Sanjaq is a town and district in Erbil Governorate in Kurdistan Region, northern Iraq. Etymology The name of the town is derived from "köy" ("village" in Turkish) and " sanjaq" ("flag" in Turkish), and thus Koy Sanjaq translates to "village o ...

Kurdistan Region Kurdistan Region (KRI) is a semi-autonomous Federal regions of Iraq, federal region of the Iraq, Republic of Iraq. It comprises four Kurds, Kurdish-majority governorates of Arabs, Arab-majority Iraq: Erbil Governorate, Sulaymaniyah Governorate ...

Iraq Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to Iraq–Saudi Arabia border, the south, Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and ...

with smaller communities dispersed throughout

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

. While the tribe speaks

Sorani Central Kurdish, also known as Sorani Kurdish, is a Kurdish dialect or a language spoken in Iraq, mainly in Iraqi Kurdistan, as well as the provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and West Azerbaijan in western Iran. Central Kurdish is one of the ...

in Kurdistan Region, the ones in Turkey have kept their tribal sub-dialect of

Laki Laki () or Lakagígar (, ''Craters of Laki'') is a volcanic fissure in the western part of Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland, not far from the volcanic fissure of Eldgjá and the small village of Kirkjubæjarklaustur. The fissure is proper ...

called Şêxbizinî or Kirmancekîman. Nonetheless, many in Turkey only know Turkish due to the assimilatory policies of Turkey. They lived around

Kermanshah Kermanshah is a city in the Central District (Kermanshah County), Central District of Kermanshah province, Kermanshah province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. The city is from Tehran in the western pa ...

in present-day

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

but were expelled towards Ottoman Kirkuk by

Safavid The Guarded Domains of Iran, commonly called Safavid Iran, Safavid Persia or the Safavid Empire, was one of the largest and longest-lasting Iranian empires. It was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often considered the begi ...

Ismail I Ismail I (; 17 July 1487 – 23 May 1524) was the founder and first shah of Safavid Iran, ruling from 1501 until his death in 1524. His reign is one of the most vital in the history of Iran, and the Safavid period is often considered the beginn ...

in the 16th century. Many members of the tribe would later migrate towards Anatolia.

Etymology

It is believed that the name of the tribe is a compound of the two words

sheikh Sheikh ( , , , , ''shuyūkh'' ) is an honorific title in the Arabic language, literally meaning "elder (administrative title), elder". It commonly designates a tribal chief or a Muslim ulama, scholar. Though this title generally refers to me ...

and Bazan. The latter is the name of the region near

Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah or Slemani (; ), is a city in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and is the capital of the Sulaymaniyah Governorate. It is surrounded by the Azmar (Ezmer), Goizha (Goyje) and Qaiwan (Qeywan) Mountains in the northeast, Bara ...

where they were exiled to before relocating to

Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...

decades after. The name appears in different spellings in Ottoman documents.

History

The tribe was caught between the many wars between the Ottomans and the Safavids in

Kurdistan Kurdistan (, ; ), or Greater Kurdistan, is a roughly defined geo- cultural region in West Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based. G ...

and were forced to leave towards Kirkuk by the Safavids after failed negotiations between Shah Ismail and Şêxbizinî leader Qazî Hûseyîn. The reason for the exile was the religious beliefs of the tribe since they were

Sunni Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam and the largest religious denomination in the world. It holds that Muhammad did not appoint any successor and that his closest companion Abu Bakr () rightfully succeeded him as the caliph of the Mu ...

. Entering Ottoman Kurdistan, they were tolerated by Sultan

Selim I Selim I (; ; 10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute (), was the List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. Despite lasting only eight years, his reign is ...

since he was attempting to gather support from Sunni Kurdish tribes against the Safavids. Due to the support from the Şêxbizin during the

Battle of Chaldiran The Battle of Chaldiran (; ) took place on 23 August 1514 and ended with a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire. As a result, the Ottomans annexed Eastern Anatolia and Upper Mesopotamia from Safavid Iran. It marked ...

, the tribe received privileges including the liberty to settle wherever they wanted. This allowed members of the tribe to migrate upward towards Anatolia after temporarily staying in

Palu Palu, officially known as the City of Palu ( Indonesian: ''Kota Palu''), is the capital and largest city of Central Sulawesi Province in Indonesia. Palu is located on the northwestern coast of Sulawesi and borders Donggala Regency to the north ...

. By the end of the 18th century, the tribe lived in

Haymana Haymana is a municipality and district of Ankara Province, Turkey. Its area is 2,164 km2, and its population is 26,016 (2022). It is 72 km south of the capital, Ankara. Its elevation is 1200 m. Etymology According to the 1074-dated dicti ...

during the winter and around

Antalya Antalya is the fifth-most populous city in Turkey and the capital of Antalya Province. Recognized as the "capital of tourism" in Turkey and a pivotal part of the Turkish Riviera, Antalya sits on Anatolia's southwest coast, flanked by the Tau ...

Samsun Samsun is a List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, city on the north coast of Turkey and a major Black Sea port. The urban area recorded a population of 738,692 in 2022. The city is the capital of Samsun Province which has a population of ...

and

Aydın Aydın ( ''EYE-din''; ; formerly named ''Güzelhisar; Greek: Τράλλεις)'' is a city in and the seat of Aydın Province in Turkey's Aegean Region. The city is located at the heart of the lower valley of Büyük Menderes River (ancient ...

in the summer. In his work on

Kurdish tribes Kurdish tribes are tribes of Kurds, Kurdish people, an ethnic group from the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan in West Asia, Western Asia. The tribes are socio-political and generally also a territorial unit based on descent and kinship, real or ...

in 1908,

Mark Sykes Colonel Sir Tatton Benvenuto Mark Sykes, 6th Baronet (16 March 1879 – 16 February 1919) was an English traveller, Conservative Party politician, and diplomatic advisor, particularly with regard to the Middle East at the time of the First ...

mentioned the Şêxbizin tribe near

Kirkuk Kirkuk (; ; ; ) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of the Kirkuk Governorate. The city is home to a diverse population of Kurds, Iraqi Turkmen, Iraqi Turkmens and Arabs. Kirkuk sits on the ruins of the original Kirkuk Cit ...

which numbered around 4,000 families. He wrote: Many Şêxbizin Kurds were

Peshmerga The Peshmerga () are the internal security forces of Kurdistan Region. According to the Constitution of Iraq, regional governments are responsible for "the establishment and organization of the internal security forces for the region such as p ...

and fought with the Kurdish leader

Mustafa Barzani Mustafa Barzani (14 March 1903 – 1 March 1979), also known as Mullah Mustafa, was a Kurdish nationalist leader and one of the most prominent political figures in modern Kurdish politics. In 1946, he was chosen as the leader of the Kurdistan ...

during the

Iraqi–Kurdish conflict The Iraqi–Kurdish conflict consists of a series of wars, rebellions and disputes between the Kurds and the central authority of Iraq starting in the 20th century shortly after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I. Some put the marki ...

Settlements

The Şêxbizin tribe lives in the following towns and villages:

Kurdistan Region

Villages populated by the Şêxbizin tribe in

Erbil Governorate Erbil Governorate (; ) is a governorate of Iraq in the Kurdistan Region. It is the capital and economic hub of the semi-autonomous Kurdistan Region of Iraq Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordere ...

: *Bengane *Berdespi *Bincî *Cedide *Darmanava jêr *Darmanava jor *Kanîya Sûleyman *Kasika *Minare *Xorxor

Ankara and Konya Provinces

Villages populated by the Şêxbizin tribe in

Ankara Province Ankara Province (, ) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey with the capital city Ankara. Its area is 25,632 km2, and its population is 5,782,285 (2022). History The site of the modern city has been home to settlements ...

and

Konya Province Konya Province () is a province and metropolitan municipality in southwest Central Anatolia, Turkey. Its area is 40,838 km2, making it the largest province by area, and its population is 2,296,347 (2022). The provincial capital is the city ...

in Turkey: * Aktepe (in

district) * Altıpınar (in Haymana district) * Ataköy (in Haymana district) * Bahçecik (in Haymana district) * Balçıkhisar (in Haymana district) * Bostanhöyük (in Haymana district) * Canımana (in Kulu district) * Dereköy (in Haymana district) * Dipdede (in Kulu district) * Durutlar (in Haymana district) * Eskikışla (in Haymana district) * Evci (in Haymana district) * Evliyafakı (in Haymana district) * Gedik (in Haymana district) * Gültepe (in Haymana district) * Kanlıgöl (in Haymana district - depopulated in 1960 after a

blood feud A feud , also known in more extreme cases as a blood feud, vendetta, faida, clan war, gang war, private war, or mob war, is a long-running argument or fight, often between social groups of people, especially family, families or clans. Feuds begin ...

) * Karacadere (in Kulu district) * Karaömerli (in Haymana district) * Karapınar (in Haymana district) * Kavak (in Haymana district) * Kayabaşı (in

Polatlı Polatlı (formerly Ancient Greek: Γόρδιον, Górdion and Latin: Gordium) is a municipality and district of Ankara Province, Turkey. Its area is 3,618 km2, and its population is 128,378 (2022). It is 80 km west of the Turkish capital ...

district) * İncirli (in Haymana district) * Pınarbaşı (in Haymana district) * Sarıgöl (in Haymana district) * Sazağası (in Haymana district) * Sinanlı (in Haymana district) * Soğukkuyu (in Kulu district) * Söğüttepe (in Haymana district) * Tabaklı (in Haymana district) * Yaprakbayır (in Haymana district) * Sindiren (formerly known as Yenice, in Haymana district) * Yergömü (in Haymana district) * Yeşilköy (in Haymana district) * Yukarısebil (in Haymana district) * Yurtbeyli (in Haymana district)

Other provinces

Villages populated by the Şêxbizin tribe in Turkey outside of the provinces of Ankara and Konya: *Bahçeköy (in the center district,

Düzce Province Düzce Province () is a Provinces of Turkey, province in northwestern Turkey. The province is on the coastline of the Black Sea and is traversed by the main highway between Istanbul and Ankara. The primary town is Düzce, located in the center of t ...

) *Bayamca (in Boyabat district,

Sinop Province Sinop Province (; , ''Sinopi'') is a province of Turkey, along the Black Sea. It is located between 41 and 42 degrees North latitude and between 34 and 35 degrees East longitude. Its area is 5,717 km2, equivalent to 0.73% of Turkey's tot ...

) *Ballıca (in the center district, Düzce Province) *Beygircioğlu (in Kargı district,

Çorum Province Çorum () is a province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey, but lying inland and having more characteristics of Central Anatolia than the Black Sea coast. Its area is 12,428 km2, and its population is 524,130 (2022). Its provincial capital ...

) *Binerli (in Boyabat district, Sinop Province) *Çamlıpınar (in

Laçin Laçin is a town in Çorum Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is located at 29 km from the city of Çorum. It is the seat of Laçin District.Durağan district, Sinop Province) *Dededağı (in

Bafra Bafra is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Samsun Province, Turkey. Covering about 1,500 km2, and with over 140,000 inhabitants it is a settlement located from the Black Sea, in the fertile Kızılırmak Delta. The Bafra Pl ...

district,

Kastamonu Province Kastamonu Province () is a Provinces of Turkey, province of Turkey, in the Black Sea Region, Turkey, Black Sea region in the north of the country. It is surrounded by Sinop Province, Sinop to the east, Bartın Province, Bartın, Karabük Province ...

) *Dumanoğlu (in

Aşkale Aşkale is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,507 km2, and its population is 21,494 (2022). The mayor is Şenor Polat (AKP). The majority of the district is populated by Turks and a small minority by Kurd ...

district,

Erzurum Province Erzurum Province () is a province and metropolitan municipality in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Its area is 25,006 km2, and its population is 749,754 (2022). The capital of the province is the city of Erzurum. It is the fourth lar ...

) *Gemet (in the center district, Çorum Province) *Güllüdağ (in

Narman Narman (; ka, ნარიმანი), formerly Namervan and İd, is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey. Its area is 799 km2, and its population is 12,292 (2022). The mayor is Aydemir Adem Kinalı ( AKP). Composition ...

district, Erzurum Province) *İçmeler (in Gölyaka district, Düzce Province) *İğdeli (in

Oltu Oltu (; ) is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,441 km2, and its population is 30,075 (2022). The mayor is Adem Çelebi, from the AKP. History An inscription found in Oltu's castle has been dated to the 7t ...

district, Erzurum Province) *Karasoku (in Laçin district, Çorum Province) *Koçkaya (in Narman district, Erzurum Province) *Kuruçalı (in Narman district, Erzurum Province) *Mamure (in the center district, Düzce Province) *Meşepınarı (in Karapürçek district,

Sakarya Province Sakarya () is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey, located on the coast of the Black Sea. Its area is , and its population is 1,080,080 (2022). The Sakarya River creates a webbing of estuaries in the province, which is in the Ma ...

) *Olukbaşı (in Durağan district, Sinop Province) *Paşakonağı (in the center district, Düzce Province) *Pınaryolu (in Narman district, Erzurum Province) *Sapanlı (in Narman district, Erzurum Province) *Sıtma (in Laçin district, Çorum Province) *Tekpınar (in Ispir district, Erzurum Province) *Tektaban (in Karapürçek district, Sakarya Province) *Topkaynak (in Oltu district, Erzurum Province *Yarmankaya (in Tortum district, Erzurum Province) *Yazılıgürgen (in Karapürçek district, Sakarya Province) *Yeniköy (in Boyabat district, Sinop Province) *Yenitaşköprü (in the center district, Düzce Province) *Yeşilyurt (in Boyabat district, Sinop Province) *Yüksel (in Karapürçek district, Sakarya Province)

Europe

There is a Şêxbizin community in

Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

Denmark Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

and

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

References

Notes

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