Ibrahim Hakki Pasha (, 1862–1918) was an Ottoman statesman, who served as

Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire The grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire ( or ''Sadr-ı Azam'' (''Sadrazam''); Ottoman Turkish language, Ottoman Turkish: or ) was the ''de facto'' prime minister of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, sultan in the Ottoman Empire, with the absolute p ...

between 1910 and 1911. He also served as the Minister of Education and Internal Affairs and in 1910, managed the

Ministry of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral r ...

and Public Works while Grand Vizier. He served as Ottoman ambassador to

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

and to the

Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy (, ) was a unitary state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy wa ...

Biography

İbrahim Hakkı was born to a Turkish family in

Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...

in 1863. His father was Sakızlı Mehmed Remzi Efendi, the President of the Istanbul Municipality Council (''İstanbul Şehremaneti Meclis Reisi''). He graduated from the Mülkiye Mektebi in 1882. In 1884, he became the translator of the Mabeyn-i hümayun. He translated detective novels for Sultan

Abdulhamid II Abdulhamid II or Abdul Hamid II (; ; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a Decline and modernizati ...

. He also gave lectures at the Law and Trade Schools. In 1894, he was appointed as the Legal Counselor of the

Sublime Porte The Sublime Porte, also known as the Ottoman Porte or High Porte ( or ''Babıali''; ), was a synecdoche or metaphor used to refer collectively to the central government of the Ottoman Empire in Istanbul. It is particularly referred to the buildi ...

(''Hukuk Müşavirliği''). He served as the chairman and member of approximately 30 diplomatic commissions. He was sent to

Crete Crete ( ; , Modern Greek, Modern: , Ancient Greek, Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the List of islands by area, 88th largest island in the world and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fifth la ...

and the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

before the declaration of the

Second Constitutional Era The Second Constitutional Era (; ) was the period of restored parliamentary rule in the Ottoman Empire between the 1908 Young Turk Revolution and the 1920 retraction of the constitution, after the dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies, during the ...

. In 1908, he served as the Minister of Education in the 7th Said Pasha cabinet, which was established the day before the declaration of the Second Constitutional Era, and as the Minister of Education and Internal Affairs in the Mehmed Kâmil Pasha cabinet. Since he did not want to remain in this position, he resigned from the ministry in December 1908. He assumed the duty of the Ottoman Empire's ambassador to Rome. He continued in this position until the end of 1909. After

Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha ( , also spelled Hussein Hilmi Pasha) (1 April 1855 – 1922) was an Ottoman statesman and imperial administrator. He was twice the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire around the time of the Second Constitutional Era. He wa ...

resigned from the Grand Viziership, İbrahim Hakkı became the Grand Vizier in 1910. He also served as the

Minister of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and foreign relations, relations, diplomacy, bilateralism, ...

and

Public Works Public works are a broad category of infrastructure projects, financed and procured by a government body for recreational, employment, and health and safety uses in the greater community. They include public buildings ( municipal buildings, ...

. He resigned from the ministry when

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

invaded

Ottoman Tripolitania Ottoman Tripolitania, also known as the Regency of Tripoli, was officially ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1551 to 1912. It corresponded roughly to the northern parts of modern-day Libya in historic Tripolitania and Cyrenaica. It was initially ...

. Hakki Pasha also spent considerable amounts of time in

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

between February 1913 and the outbreak of

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

, working on negotiations concerning the Berlin-Baghdad Railway and a settlement for the

Second Balkan War The Second Balkan War was a conflict that broke out when Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Kingdom of Serbia, Serbia and Kingdom of Greece, Greece, on 1 ...

. During that visit, Hakki Pasha met with King

George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until Death and state funeral of George V, his death in 1936. George w ...

. He returned to

when

began. He was appointed as ambassador to Berlin in 1915. Additionally, he was appointed as a member of the

Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...

in 1917. He served in the Ottoman delegation of the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty. He died shortly after returning to Berlin on July 29, 1918. His body was brought to Istanbul and buried in the Yahya Efendi Lodge. İbrahim Hakkı Pasha, who had works in the field of science as well as being a statesman, wrote several textbooks. He was awarded the

Order of Karađorđe's Star Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * ...

Works

* ''Medhal-i Hukuk-u Düvel'', 1885 * ''Tarih-i Hukuk-u Beyneddüvel'', 1885 * ''Küçük Osmanlı Tarihi'', 1890 * ''Tarih-i Umûmi'', 3 cilt, 1887-1888

References

1863 births 1918 deaths Diplomats from Istanbul Ambassadors of the Ottoman Empire to Italy 20th-century grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire Ottoman people of the Italo-Turkish War Ministers of foreign affairs of the Ottoman Empire Politicians from Istanbul {{Ottoman-bio-stub