|
Zhang Chengzhi
Zhang Chengzhi (Xiao'erjing: , born 10 September 1948) is a contemporary Hui Chinese author. Often named as the most influential Muslim writer in China, his historical narrative '' History of the Soul'', about the rise of the Jahriyya () Sufi order, was the second-most popular book in China in 1994. Biography Zhang was born in Beijing in 1948 to Hui parents of Shandong origin.Deng 1989 Despite his Muslim ancestry, he was raised as an atheist. He graduated from Tsinghua University Middle School in 1967, at the height of the Cultural Revolution. According to the ''People's Daily'', Zhang was the first person to call himself a " Red Guard"; he used it as his pen name during his student days. Then on May 29, 1966, just two weeks after the ''People's Daily'' announced the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, Zhang convinced around ten other senior-level students to use the collective name "Mao Zedong's Red Guards" in addition to their individual signatures when signing a big-chara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang (surname)
Zhang (; ) is the List of common Chinese surnames, third most common surname in China and Taiwan (commonly spelled as Chang in Taiwan), and it is one of the most common surnames in the world. It is spoken in the Chinese tones, first tone ''Zhāng''. It is a surname that exists in many languages and cultures, corresponding to the surname 'Archer' in English for example. In the Wade–Giles system of Romanization of Chinese, romanization, it is romanized as Chang, which is commonly used in Taiwan. Cheung is commonly used in Hong Kong as a romanization. It is the 24th name on the ''Hundred Family Surnames'' poem, contained in the verse 何呂施張 ''(Hé Lǚ Shī Zhāng)''. Zhang is also the pinyin romanization of the less-common surnames (''Zhāng''), which is the 40th name on the ''Hundred Family Surnames'' poem, and (''Zhǎng''). Today, it is one of the most common surnames in the world at over 100 million people worldwide. Zhang was listed by the People's Republic of China's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Ujimqin Banner
East Ujimqin Banner ( Mongolian: ; zh, s=东乌珠穆沁旗) is a banner in the northeast of the Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Xilin Gol League. Demographics East Ujimqin Banner, excluding territories under jurisdiction of "Ulgai Management Area", has a population of 70,610. Ulgai Management Area, consisting of one county-level city and 3 ranches and pastures, has a population of 23,466 as of 2020. Geography and climate East Ujimqin features a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen ''BSk''), marked by long, cold and very dry winters, hot, somewhat humid summers, and strong winds, especially in spring. The monthly daily mean temperature in January, the coldest month, is , and in July, the warmest month, , with the annual mean at . The annual precipitation is approximately , with more than half of it falling in July and August alone. Due to the aridity and elevation, diurnal temperature variation often exceeds in spring, averaging annually. With monthl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dru Gladney
Dru Curtis Gladney (November 3, 1956 – March 17, 2022) was an American anthropologist who was president of the Pacific Basin Institute at Pomona College and a professor of anthropology there. Gladney authored four books and more than 100 academic articles and book chapters on topics spanning the Asian continent. Early life Gladney was born and raised in Pomona, California, and attended Westmont College. He received his Ph.D. in Social Anthropology from the University of Washington, Seattle, in 1987. Career and research Gladney focused his research on ethnic and cultural nationalism in Asia, specializing in the peoples, politics, and cultures of the Silk Road and Muslim Chinese (or Hui). A two-time Fulbright Research Scholar to China and Turkey, he conducted long-term field research in Western China, Central Asia, and Turkey. The results of his work have been featured on CNN, BBC, Voice of America, National Public Radio, al-Jazeerah, and in ''Newsweek'', ''Time'', ''The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhu Xueqin
Zhu Xueqin (born 1952) is a Shanghai-based Chinese historian and public intellectual. He is a major exponent of contemporary Chinese liberalism. Background Born in Shanghai, Zhu was shaped in his eventual outlook by China's Cultural Revolution, when he was sent to rural Lankao County, Henan as a sent-down youth in 1970. In 1972, he was transferred to factory work. After earning an MA in history in 1985 from Shaanxi Normal University, from 1985 to 1991 Zhu taught in the Air Force Politics Institute. In 1992, he graduated from Fudan University with a doctorate in history. Since 1991, he has been a Professor in the Department of History, Academy of Letters, Shanghai University. He wrote an article entitled "1998: The Discourse of Liberalism," which spoke of a "resurfacing" of liberal thought and was published in the widely circulated '' Southern Weekly''. He has participated in many public activities, such as circular letter campaigns, in support of human rights, freed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scar Literature
Scar literature or literature of the wounded () is a genre of Chinese literature which emerged in the late 1970s during the ''Boluan Fanzheng,'' soon after the death of Mao Zedong, portraying the sufferings of cadres and intellectuals during the experiences of the Cultural Revolution and the rule of the Gang of Four. Historical background During the ''Boluan Fanzheng'' period, the growth of scar literature corresponded with the Beijing Spring and the decade of the New Enlightenment, a period of greater openness in Chinese society. Scar literature has even been described as a "second Hundred Flowers Movement".Watson 1992: 107-108 Though scar literature focuses on trauma and oppression, and has been described as largely negative, love and faith remained its major themes; its practitioners were typically not opposed to Communism, but on the converse retained faith in the ability of the Party to rectify past tragedies, and "embraced love as a key to solving social problems" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xungen Movement
The ''Xúngēn'' movement () is a cultural and literary movement in mainland China emphasizing local and minority cultures. It began in 1980s and was similar to the back-to-the-land movement. Its premise is that the Cultural Revolution The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a Social movement, sociopolitical movement in the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). It was launched by Mao Zedong in 1966 and lasted until his de ... damaged a pluralistic Chinese identity and traditions that had existed for centuries, and that the reconstruction of that identity requires a healthy appreciation of local cultures. Furthermore, the century of modernization and cultural and political iconoclasm had only severed Chinese traditions. Some of the key writers are Han Shaogong (), Mo Yan, Ah Cheng (), and Jia Pingwa (). References Literary movements Chinese literary schools and movements 1980s establishments in China { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Muslims In The Second Sino-Japanese War
Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War were courted by both Chinese and Japanese generals but they tended to fight against the Japanese with or without the support of higher echelons of the other Chinese factions. Japanese atrocities committed against Hui Muslims During the Second World War, the Japanese followed what has been referred to as a "killing policy" against the Hui Muslims and destroyed many mosques. According to Wan Lei, "Statistics showed that the Japanese destroyed 220 mosques and killed countless Hui people by April 1941." After the Rape of Nanjing, mosques in Nanjing were found to be filled with dead bodies. The Japanese also instituted a policy of economic oppression, which made many Hui jobless and homeless by destroying mosques and Hui communities. Other policies of deliberate humiliation included soldiers smearing mosques with pork fat, forcing Hui to butcher pigs and feed the soldiers, and forcing Hui girls to supposedly train as geishas and sin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Language
is the principal language of the Japonic languages, Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people. It has around 123 million speakers, primarily in Japan, the only country where it is the national language, and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages and the variously classified Hachijō language. There have been many Classification of the Japonic languages, attempts to group the Japonic languages with other families such as Ainu languages, Ainu, Austronesian languages, Austronesian, Koreanic languages, Koreanic, and the now discredited Altaic languages, Altaic, but none of these proposals have gained any widespread acceptance. Little is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century AD recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial Old Japanese texts did not appear until the 8th century. From the Heian period (794–1185), extensive waves of Sino-Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asian Studies
Asian studies is the term used usually in North America and Australia for what in Europe is known as Oriental studies. The field is concerned with the Asian people, their cultures, languages, history and politics. Within the Asian sphere, Asian studies combines aspects of sociology, history, cultural anthropology and many other disciplines to study political, cultural and economic phenomena in Asian traditional and contemporary societies. Asian studies form a field of post-graduate study in many universities. It is a branch of area studies, and many Western universities combine Asian and African studies in a single faculty or institute, like SOAS in London. It is often combined with Islamic studies in a similar way. The history of the discipline in the West is covered under Oriental studies. The International Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS) only considers Asia to the east of the Indus River in its scope of "Asian Studies". Branches * Indology, South Asian studies (Indology) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tōyō Bunko
The , or Oriental Library, is Japan's largest Asian studies library and one of the world's five largest, located in Tokyo. It also functions as a research institute dedicated to the study of Asian history and culture. It has greatly contributed to the development of Asian Studies through the acquisition of books and other source materials as well as the publication of research by Japanese scholars. Presently, the library contains approximately 950,000 volumes which are cataloged linguistically according to Asian, Western and Japanese language materials. History Establishment and the early history The Oriental Library had its beginnings in 1917 when Hisaya Iwasaki, former third President of the Mitsubishi Company, purchased the vast private collection of China-related publications of Australian adventurer, journalist, and Republic of China government adviser George Morrison. After the purchase, he improved the collection by increasing the number of classical Chinese, Japanese, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of China
There are several hundred languages in the People's Republic of China. The predominant language is Standard Chinese, which is based on Beijing dialect, Beijingese, but there are hundreds of related Chinese languages, collectively known as ''Hanyu'' ( zh, s=汉语, t=漢語, p=Hànyǔ, 'Han language'), that are spoken by 92% of the population. The Chinese (or 'Sinitic') languages are typically divided into Varieties of Chinese, seven major language groups, and their study is a distinct academic discipline. They differ as much from each other Morphology (linguistics), morphologically and phonetically as do English, German and Danish, but meanwhile share the same writing system (Hanzi) and are mutually intelligible in written form. There are in addition approximately 300 Ethnic minorities in China, minority languages spoken by the remaining 8% of the population of China. The ones with greatest state support are Mongolian language, Mongolian, Standard Tibetan, Tibetan, Uyghur language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Academy Of Social Sciences
The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) is a Chinese state research institute and think tank. It is a ministry-level institution under the State Council of the People's Republic of China. The CASS is the highest academic institution and comprehensive research center for philosophy and social sciences research in China. The CASS was founded in May 1977. Its predecessor was the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The main research objects of the Academy of Social Sciences are the language, philosophy, law, economy, religion, ethnicity, archaeology, history and literature of China and other countries in the world. The Academy of Social Sciences is divided into 6 academic departments and 37 research institutes. History The predecessor of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences was the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, established in 1955. The CASS was established in May 1977 based on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
