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Yursa
Yursa was a town from the 1350– 1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. The site, a city/city-state, is probably in the southern Canaan close to Gaza. Some scholars identify it with Tell Jemmeh. In the 382–letter correspondence it is the location of its mayor/ruler, Pu-Ba'lu, who authored 3 letters written to the pharaoh, namely EA , ( EA for 'el Amarna'). The three letters to the pharaoh from Pu-Ba'lu of Yursa are: :EA 314—Title: "A shipment of glass" :EA 315—Title: "Like a command of the Sun"–See: Reanap :EA 316—Title: " Postscript to the royal scribe"–See: Tahmašši Of the entire Amarna letters 382–letter corpus, Yursa is only referenced in letters 314, and 315, as: ''"..Pu-Ba'lu, the ruler of Yursa"''. Example letter of ''Yursa''/Pu-Ba'lu EA 314, title: "A shipment of glass" :"To the king (i.e. Pharaoh), my lord, my god, my Sun, the Sun from the sky: Message of Pu-Ba'lu, your servant, the ruler of ''Yursa''. I indeed prost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pu-Ba'lu
Pu-Ba'lu, (another spelling, also Pu-Bahla) was ruler/mayor of Yursa, (a city/city-state in Canaan(?)), identified with Tell Jemmeh, of the 1350– 1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. His name translates in west semitic as well as in Akkadian as: "word/mouth (of) Baal", the '' 'Spokesman (of) Baal' '', (–or 'Baal's Voice'). Pu-Ba'lu of Yursa is the author of three letters to pharaoh. See: Yursa The three Amarna letters, ( EA for 'el Amarna') to pharaoh from Pu-Ba'lu of Yursa are: :EA 314—Title: ''"A shipment of glass"'' :EA 315—Title: ''"Like a command of the Sun"''–See: Reanap :EA 316—Title: ''"Postscript to the royal scribe"''–See: Tahmašši Of the entire Amarna letters 382–letter corpus, Pu-Ba'lu of Yursa is only referenced in letters 314, and 315, as: ''"..Pu-Ba'lu, the ruler of Yursa"'', and EA 316, as "Pu-Ba'lu". One other reference in EA 104, entitled: ''" Ullassa taken"'' is to Abdi-Ashirta's son, "Pu-Bahla", presumably a se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tell Jemmeh
Tell Jemmeh ( ar, تل جمه), also known in Hebrew as Tel Gamma (תל גמה) or Tel Re'im (תל רעים), is a prominent mound, or tell, located in the region of the northwestern Negev and the southern coastal plain of Israel, about 12 km south of Gaza, bounded by the kibbutz of Re'im 2 km to the east, and the kibbutz of Kisufim 6 km to the west, and is 9 km east of the Mediterranean coast. The site is located at the confluence of two streams, Nahal Besor and Nahal Gerar. Both have changed their course in this area many times throughout history. Re'im is a modern secular kibbutz town located to the east nearby. Tell Jemmeh is one of three major sites along the Besor Stream along with Tell el-Far'ah and Tell el-Ajjul. Some archaeologists identify the Besor Stream with the "Brook of Egypt" found in the Hebrew Bible (Torah). There are also a number of ancient sites to the east along the Gerar Stream. Tell Jemmeh is famous for two significant archaeologic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reanap
Reanap, also Reanapa (cuneiform: ''ri-a-na-pa'') was an ancient Egyptian commissioner, of the 1350–1335 BC Amarna letters, written from a 15–20 year time period. Of the 382 El-Amarna letters correspondence, Reanapa is referenced in three: :* EA 292–Titled: ''Like a pot held in pledge, '' see Adda-danu. :* EA 315–Titled: ''"Like a command of the Sun"'' :* EA 326–Titled: ''"A new commissioner"'' Two short letters The topic of two short letters, EA 315, and 326 is ''Reanapa'', and no intrigues of other cities/city-states, or individuals, are involved. The prostration formula to the pharaoh, and subservience to the king's authority can be seen. EA 315, by Pu-Ba'lu of Yursa Letter no. 2 of 3 by Pu-Ba'lu: : o the kin, my lord, my god, the Sun from the sky: Message of Pu-Ba'lu, the ruler of Yursa, the dirt at your feet. I indeed prostrate myself at the feet of the king, my lord, 7 times and 7 times, on the back and on the sto ah. :I am indeed guard ngthe city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tahmašši
Tahmašši, or ''Takhmašši'', and also known by his hypocoristicon or pet name: Tahmaya, or ''Atahmaya'' was an Egyptian official to pharaoh in the 1350 BC Amarna letters correspondence. His name comes from: 'Ptah-mes', meaning Ptah-Born, or ''"Born of Ptah"''. ---- Tahmašši's name is used in 4 Amarna letters as follows-(EA for 'el Amarna'): :#EA 265–Tahmaya, Tahmaya :#EA 303–Tahmašši :#EA 316–Tahmaya :# EA 364–Atahmaya—See Ayyab of Aštartu-(Tell-Ashtara) The letters EA 265: ''"A gift acknowledged"'' Letter two of three letters by Tagi of Ginti, (Gintikirmil). :"To the king, my lord: Message of Tagi, your servant. I fall at the feet of the king, my lord. My own man I sent along with ... to see the face of the king, my lord. ndthe king, my lord, nt a ''present'' to me in the care of ''Tahmaya'', and ''Tahmaya'' gave (me) a gold goblet and 1 ses of linen garments. For the information f the kin, my lord. -EA 265, lines 1-15 (~complete) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scribe
A scribe is a person who serves as a professional copyist, especially one who made copies of manuscripts before the invention of automatic printing. The profession of the scribe, previously widespread across cultures, lost most of its prominence and status with the advent of the printing press. The work of scribes can involve copying manuscripts and other texts as well as secretarial and administrative duties such as the taking of dictation and keeping of business, judicial, and historical records for kings, nobles, temples, and cities. The profession has developed into public servants, journalists, accountants, bookkeepers, typists, and lawyers. In societies with low literacy rates, street-corner letter-writers (and readers) may still be found providing scribe service. Ancient Egypt One of the most important professionals in ancient Egypt was a person educated in the arts of writing (both hieroglyphics and hieratic scripts, as well as the demotic script from the seco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letters Locations
Amarna (; ar, العمارنة, al-ʿamārnah) is an extensive Egyptian archaeological site containing the remains of what was the capital city of the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The city was established in 1346 BC, built at the direction of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, and abandoned shortly after his death in 1332 BC. The name that the ancient Egyptians used for the city is transliterated in English as Akhetaten or Akhetaton, meaning " the horizon of the Aten".David (1998), p. 125 The site is on the east bank of the Nile River, in what today is the Egyptian province of Minya. It is about south of the city of al-Minya, south of the Egyptian capital, Cairo, and north of Luxor (site of the previous capital, Thebes). The city of Deir Mawas lies directly to its west. On the east side of Amarna there are several modern villages, the chief of which are l-Till in the north and el-Hagg Qandil in the south. Activity in the region flourished from the Amarna Period until the later Roman era ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William L
William is a male given name of Germanic origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conquest of England in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is sometimes abbreviated "Wm." Shortened familiar versions in English include Will, Wills, Willy, Willie, Bill, and Billy. A common Irish form is Liam. Scottish diminutives include Wull, Willie or Wullie (as in Oor Wullie or the play ''Douglas''). Female forms are Willa, Willemina, Wilma and Wilhelmina. Etymology William is related to the given name ''Wilhelm'' (cf. Proto-Germanic ᚹᛁᛚᛃᚨᚺᛖᛚᛗᚨᛉ, ''*Wiljahelmaz'' > German ''Wilhelm'' and Old Norse ᚢᛁᛚᛋᛅᚼᛅᛚᛘᛅᛋ, ''Vilhjálmr''). By regular sound changes, the native, inherited English form of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letters–phrases And Quotations
The Amarna letters (; sometimes referred to as the Amarna correspondence or Amarna tablets, and cited with the abbreviation EA, for "El Amarna") are an archive, written on clay tablets, primarily consisting of diplomatic correspondence between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru, or neighboring kingdom leaders, during the New Kingdom, spanning a period of no more than thirty years between c. 1360–1332 BC (see here for dates).Moran, p.xxxiv The letters were found in Upper Egypt at el-Amarna, the modern name for the ancient Egyptian capital of ''Akhetaten'', founded by pharaoh Akhenaten (1350s–1330s BC) during the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. The Amarna letters are unusual in Egyptological research, because they are written not in the language of ancient Egypt, but in cuneiform, the writing system of ancient Mesopotamia. Most are in a variety of Akkadian sometimes characterised as a mixed language, Canaanite-Akkadian; one especially lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acre, Israel
Acre ( ), known locally as Akko ( he, עַכּוֹ, ''ʻAkō'') or Akka ( ar, عكّا, ''ʻAkkā''), is a city in the coastal plain region of the Northern District of Israel. The city occupies an important location, sitting in a natural harbour at the extremity of Haifa Bay on the coast of the Mediterranean's Levantine Sea."Old City of Acre." , World Heritage Center. World Heritage Convention. Web. 15 Apr 2013 Aside from coastal trading, it was also an important waypoint on the region's coastal road and the road cutting inland along the Jezreel Val ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satatna
Satatna, or Sitatna, and also Šutatna/''Shutatna''-(of a Babylonian letter of Burna-Buriash), was a 'Mayor'/Ruler of Akka, or '' Acco'', modern Acre, Israel, during the 1350–1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Satatna was the author of three letters to the Egyptian pharaoh, letters EA 233–235, (EA for 'el Amarna'). He is referenced in another minor vassal letter of Ruler: " Bayadi of Syria", and he is also referred to in EA 8, by Burna-Buriash as ''"..Šutatna, the son of Šaratum-( Surata) of Akka..."'' A list of Satatna authored letters is as follows: :#EA 233—title: ''"Work in progress"'' :#EA 234—title: ''"Like Magdalu in Egypt"''. See: commissioner: Šuta. :#EA 235—title: ''"An order for glass"'' Satatna's Amarna letters EA 233, "Work in progress" :Say to the king, ord the Sun from he sky Message of ''Satatna'' the ruler of Akka, your servant, the servant of the king and the dirt at his feet and the ground on which he treads, I prostrate mys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuneiform Script
Cuneiform is a logo- syllabic script that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Middle East. The script was in active use from the early Bronze Age until the beginning of the Common Era. It is named for the characteristic wedge-shaped impressions (Latin: ) which form its signs. Cuneiform was originally developed to write the Sumerian language of southern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq). Cuneiform is the earliest known writing system. Over the course of its history, cuneiform was adapted to write a number of languages in addition to Sumerian. Akkadian texts are attested from the 24th century BC onward and make up the bulk of the cuneiform record. Akkadian cuneiform was itself adapted to write the Hittite language in the early second millennium BC. The other languages with significant cuneiform corpora are Eblaite, Elamite, Hurrian, Luwian, and Urartian. The Old Persian and Ugaritic alphabets feature cuneiform-style signs; however, they are unrelated to the cune ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dog (Amarna Letter Appellation)
The dog (''Canis familiaris'' or ''Canis lupus familiaris'') is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it is derived from the extinct Pleistocene wolf, and the modern wolf is the dog's nearest living relative. Dogs were the first species to be domesticated by hunter-gatherers over 15,000 years ago before the development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids. The dog has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Dog breeds vary widely in shape, size, and color. They perform many roles for humans, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and the military, companionship, therapy, and aiding disabled people. Over the millennia, dogs became uniquely adapted to human behavior, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
