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Yanomami
The Yanomami, also spelled Yąnomamö or Yanomama, are a group of approximately 35,000 indigenous people of the Americas, indigenous people who live in some 200–250 villages in the Amazon rainforest on the border between Venezuela and Brazil. Etymology The ethnonym ''Yanomami'' was produced by anthropologists based on the word , which, in the expression , signifies "human beings." This expression is opposed to the categories (game animals) and (invisible or nameless beings), but also (enemy, stranger, non-indigenous). According to ethnologist Jacques Lizot: ''Yanomamö'' and ''Yanomama'' are variant spellings. Supporters of the work on the tribe of anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon usually use ''Yanomamö''. Those who oppose his work or are neutral usually use ''Yanomami'' or ''Yanomama''. History The first report of the Yanomami is from 1654, when a Spanish expedition under Apolinar Diaz de la Fuente visited some Ye'kuana people living on the Padamo River. Diaz wrote: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Lizot
Jacques Lizot (11 February 1938 – 22 June 2022) was a French anthropologist and linguist. He lived among the Yanomami people in Venezuela for over 20 years, documenting their culture and language. Among his writings are the 1976 book ''The Yanomami in the Face of Ethnocide'', the 1985 book ''Tales of the Yanomami: Daily Life in the Venezuelan Forest'' and the 2004 ''Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Yanomami Language''. The 2000 book '' Darkness in El Dorado'' and the 2010 documentary film '' Secrets of the Tribe'' included allegations that Lizot had traded goods for sexual favours from young boys. Lizot denied the allegations. Early life and education Jacques Lizot was born on 11 February 1938 in Montreuil, France. He studied at Sorbonne University, receiving a PhD in anthropology in 1967. He was an Orientalist and studied classical Arabic. His doctoral thesis concerned the rural sociology of an Algerian village, based on surveys conducted in 1966 in Mitidja. Lizot later expanded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yanomami Indigenous Territory
The Yanomami Indigenous Territory () is an Indigenous territory (Brazil), indigenous territory in the states of Amazonas (Brazilian state), Amazonas and Roraima, Brazil. It overlaps with several federal or state conservation units. It is home to Yanomami and Ye'kuana people. There are Environmental conflict, ongoing conflicts with an overlapping national forest in which mining was permitted. Location The Yanomami Indigenous Territory has an area of in the states of Amazonas and Roraima, making it the largest indigenous territory in Brazil in terms of area. The territory is bounded by the frontier with Venezuela to the northwest. In the west it adjoins the Balaio Indigenous Territory, Balaio and Cué-cué/Marabitanas Indigenous Territory, Cué-cué/Marabitanas indigenous territories. 50% of the Pico da Neblina National Park overlaps the western part of the territory. Most of the Amazonas National Forest is within the territory, as is most of the Serra do Aracá State Park. In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napoleon Chagnon
Napoleon Alphonseau Chagnon (27 August 1938 – 21 September 2019) was an American cultural anthropologist, professor of sociocultural anthropology at the University of Missouri in Columbia and member of the National Academy of Sciences. Chagnon was known for his long-term ethnographic field work among the Yanomamö/Yanomami, a society of indigenous tribal Amazonians, in which he used an evolutionary approach to understand social behavior in terms of genetic relatedness. His work centered on the analysis of violence among tribal peoples, and, using socio-biological analyses, he advanced the argument that violence among the Yanomami is fueled by an evolutionary process in which successful warriors have more offspring. His 1967 ethnography '' Yanomamö: The Fierce People'' became a bestseller and is frequently assigned in introductory anthropology courses. Admirers described him as a pioneer of scientific anthropology. Chagnon was called the "most controversial anthropologist" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yanomaman Languages
Yanomaman, also as Yanomam, Yanomáman, Yamomámi, and Yanomamana (also Shamatari, Shirianan), is a family of languages spoken by about 20,000 Yanomami, Yanomami people in southern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas State, Brazil, Amazonas). Subdivision Ferreira et al. (2019) Ferreira, Machado & Senra (2019) divide the Yanomaman family into two branches, with six languages in total. * Yanomaman ** Ninam-Yanomam-Yaroamë *** ''Nimam'' **** Ninam language, Ninam (also known as Yanami, Yanami-Ninami) - 900 speakers in Venezuela and Brazil *** ''Yanomam-Yaroamë'' **** Waiká language, Yanomám (also known as Waiká) - 6,000 speakers mainly in Brazil **** Yanomamö language, Yanomamö (also known as Yanomame, Yanomami) - 20,000 speakers mainly in Venezuela **** Yaroamë language, Yaroamë (also known as Jawari) - 400 speakers in Brazil **** Yãnoma language, Yãnoma - 178 speakers in Brazil ** Sanumá *** Sanumá language, Sanumá (also known as Tsanuma, Sanima) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanumá
The Sanumá, also referred to as ''Sanema, Sanima Tsanuma, Guaika, Samatari, Samatali, Xamatari'' and ''Chirichano'' in the literature, are an indigenous peoples of the Americas, indigenous people of Brazil and Venezuela. They are related to the Yanomami. The Sanumá number about 1500, and live on both sides of the Brazil-Venezuela border. In Venezuela, they are found in the Caura River (Venezuela), Caura River and Ventuari River basins where they live alongside the Ye'kuana. The Sanumá language is a Yanomaman languages, Yanomaman language. Conflicts with miners On 24 October 2006, their reserve in Venezuela was invaded by miners who destroyed some of their villages. In retaliation, the Venezuelan army killed 10 miners. This incident led to mass protests by non-Indians in Southern Venezuela. Further reading *Bruce Parry,''Tribe: Adventures in a Changing World'' (Michael Joseph Raped Ltd, 2007) *Amy Penfield, ''Predatory Economies: The Sanema and the Socialist State in Contempor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amazon Rainforest
The Amazon rainforest, also called the Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses , of which are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 Indigenous territory (Brazil), indigenous territories. The majority of the forest, 60%, is in Amazônia Legal, Brazil, followed by Peruvian Amazonia, Peru with 13%, Amazon natural region, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Four nations have "Amazonas (other), Amazonas" as the name of one of their first-level administrative regions, and France uses the name "Guiana Amazonian Park" for French Guiana's protected rainforest area. The Amazon represents over half of the total area of remaining rainforests on Earth, and comprises the largest a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venezuela
Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It comprises an area of , and its population was estimated at 29 million in 2022. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas. The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Colombia, Brazil on the south, Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east and on the east by Guyana. Venezuela is a presidential republic consisting of States of Venezuela, 23 states, the Venezuelan Capital District, Capital District and Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, federal dependencies covering Venezuela's offshore islands. Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north and in the capital. The territory o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanöma Language
Sanöma or Sanumá is a Yanomaman language spoken in Venezuela and Brazil. It is also known as ''Sanema, Sanima, Tsanuma, Guaika, Samatari, Samatali, Xamatari'' and ''Chirichano''. Most of its speakers in Venezuela also speak Ye'kuana, also known as Maquiritare, the language of the Ye'kuana people the Sanumá live alongside in the Caura River basin. History Throughout the centuries, the Yanomami, originally from the Parima range, have spread up toward river valleys on the plains both to the south in Brazil, and to the north in Venezuela. The Sanumá speak one of the four known Yanomami languages. It is in the rainforests of north Brazil and south Venezuela that the groups have lived undisturbed until recently. In the last 40 years or so the western world has been knocking at their doorsteps wanting lumber and gold. Dialects Some linguists identify dialects such as ''Yanoma, Cobari, Caura,'' and ''Ervato-Ventuari'' in Venezuela and ''Auaris'' in Brazil. All the dialects a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous People Of The Americas
In the Americas, Indigenous peoples comprise the two continents' pre-Columbian inhabitants, as well as the ethnic groups that identify with them in the 15th century, as well as the ethnic groups that identify with the pre-Columbian population of the Americas as such. These populations exhibit significant diversity; some Indigenous peoples were historically hunter-gatherers, while others practiced agriculture and aquaculture. Various Indigenous societies developed complex social structures, including pre-contact monumental architecture, organized cities, city-states, chiefdoms, states, kingdoms, republics, confederacies, and empires. These societies possessed varying levels of knowledge in fields such as engineering, architecture, mathematics, astronomy, writing, physics, medicine, agriculture, irrigation, geology, mining, metallurgy, art, sculpture, and goldsmithing. Indigenous peoples continue to inhabit many regions of the Americas, with significant populations in Bolivia, C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salesians Of Don Bosco
The Salesians of Don Bosco (SDB), formally known as the Society of Saint Francis de Sales (), is a religious congregation of men in the Catholic Church, founded in 1859 by the Italian priest John Bosco to help poor and migrant youth during the Industrial Revolution. The congregation was named after Francis de Sales, a 17th-century bishop of Geneva. The Salesians' charter describes the society's mission as "the Christian perfection of its associates obtained by the exercise of spiritual and corporal works of charity towards the young, especially the poor, and the education of boys to the priesthood". Its associated women's institute is the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco, while the lay movement is the Association of Salesian Cooperators. History In 1845 Don John Bosco (" Don" being a traditional Italian honorific for priest) opened a night school for boys in Valdocco, now part of the municipality of Turin in Italy. In the following years, he opened several more schools, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roraima
Roraima ( ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil. Located in the country's North Region, it is the northernmost and most geographically and logistically isolated state in Brazil. It is bordered by the state of Pará to the southeast, Amazonas to the south and west, Venezuela to the north and northwest, and Guyana to the east. The state covers an area of approximately , slightly larger than Belarus, being the fourteenth largest Brazilian state by area. The city of Boa Vista is the capital and largest city in the state, and is the only capital in the country located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. Antônio Denarium, a member of the conservative Progressistas party, has been the governor of the state since 2019. Roraima is the least populous state in Brazil, with an estimated population of 631,181 inhabitants as of 2020. It is also the state with the lowest population density in Brazil, with 2.01 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its economy, based mainly on the tertiar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ninam Language
Yanam, or Ninam, is a Yanomaman language spoken in Roraima, Brazil (800 speakers) and southern Venezuela near the Mucajai, upper Uraricaá, and Paragua rivers. Synonymy Yanam is also known by the following names: ''Ninam'', ''Yanam–Ninam'', ''Xirianá'', ''Shiriana Casapare'', ''Kasrapai'', ''Jawaperi'', ''Crichana'', ''Jawari'', ''Shiriana'', ''Eastern Yanomaman''. Regional variation Gordon (2009) reports 2 main varieties (Northern, Southern). Kaufman (1994) reports 3: # Yanam ( Northern Yanam/Ninam (Xiliana, Shiriana, Uraricaa-Paragua)) # Ninam ( Southern Yanam/Ninam (Xilixana, Shirishana, Mukajai)) # Jawarib The name Jawari is shared with Ỹaroamë. There are three dialects spoken in Roraima, Brazil according to Ferreira, et al. (2019):Ferreira, Helder Perri; Machado, Ana Maria Antunes; Senra, Estevão Benfica. 2019. As línguas Yanomami no Brasil: diversidade e vitalidade'. São Paulo: Instituto Socioambiental (ISA) and Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Art ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
