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Xin (virtue)
In Confucianism, the Sangang Wuchang ( zh, c=三綱五常, p=Sāngāng Wǔcháng), sometimes translated as the Three Fundamental Bonds and Five Constant Virtues or the Three Guiding Principles and Five Constant Regulations, or more simply "bonds and virtues" ( ), are the three most important human relationships and the five most important virtues. They are considered the moral and political requirements of Confucianism as well as the eternal unchanging "essence of life and bonds of society." History The expression of is no older than the Han dynasty, when it was first articulated by Dong Zhongshu (179–104 BCE), and was not commonly used until the 10th century CE. From the 11th century onward, Neo-Confucianism heavily emphasized the three bonds and five virtues, believing that humans could become sages through perfecting these relationships and virtues. Meaning Three Bonds The three bonds are between father and son, lord and retainer, and husband and wife and they const ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, and is variously described as a tradition, philosophy, Religious Confucianism, religion, theory of government, or way of life. Founded by Confucius in the Hundred Schools of Thought era (c. 500 BCE), Confucianism integrates philosophy, ethics, and social governance, with a core focus on virtue, Harmonious Society, social harmony, and Filial piety, familial responsibility. Confucianism emphasizes virtue through self-cultivation and communal effort. Key virtues include ''Ren (philosophy), ren'' (benevolence), ''Yi (philosophy), yi'' (righteousness), ''Li (Confucianism), li'' (propriety), ''Wisdom, zhi'' (wisdom), and ''Xin (virtue), xin'' (sincerity). These values, deeply tied to the notion of ''tian'' (heaven), present a worldview where human relationships and social order are manifestations of sacred moral principles.. While Confucianism does not emphasize an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li (Confucianism)
In traditional Confucian philosophy, is an ethical concept broadly translatable as 'rite'. According to Wing-tsit Chan, originally referred to religious sacrifices, but has come to mean 'ritual' in a broad sense, with possible translations including 'ceremony', 'ritual', 'decorum', 'propriety', and 'good form'. Hu Shih notes that has "even been equated with natural law" by some western scholars. In Chinese cosmology, refers to rites through which human agency participates in the larger order of the universe. One of the most common definitions of 'rite' is a performance transforming the invisible into the visible: through the performance of rites at appropriate occasions, humans make the underlying order visible. Correct ritual practice focuses and orders the social world in correspondence with the terrestrial and celestial worlds, keeping all three in harmony. Throughout the Sinosphere, was thought of as the abstract force that made government possible—along with the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Three Obediences And Four Virtues
The Three Obediences and Four Virtues (; ) is a set of moral principles and social code of behavior for maiden and married women in East Asian Confucianism, especially in Ancient China, ancient and imperial China. Women were to obey their fathers, husbands, and sons, and to be modest and moral in their actions and speech. Some imperial eunuchs both observed these principles themselves and enforced them in Imperial Chinese harem system, imperial harems, aristocratic households, and society at large. Terminology The two terms ("three obediences" and "four virtues") first appeared in the ''Etiquette and Ceremonial, Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial'' and in the ''Rites of Zhou'' respectively, which codified the protocol for an elegant and refined culture for Chinese culture, Chinese civilization. The protocol was originally meant to define the various parts of a harmonious society and was not intended as a rule book. This code had a strong impact on ancient and imperial China. It wen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bai Hu Tong
''Bai Hu Tong'' (, also , ) is a Confucianism, Confucian text based on the held in 79 CE. History The traditional view of this text is that it was compiled by Ban Gu (32–92 CE) on the orders of the Emperor Zhang of Han (57-88 CE). The name is derived from the White Tiger (Chinese constellation), White Tiger Hall () in the of Luoyang (the capital) where a series of discussions took place in 79 CE, on the subject of the true meanings of the Chinese classics, classics. The discussions covered a broad range of topics including Li (Confucianism), rites, politics, cosmology, and philosophy. Ban Gu is said to have edited the records of these discussions, and from them to have produced the book we have today. Some scholars have suggested that the book may in fact be made up of material produced as late as the 3rd century CE, rather than being the product of Ban Gu's work in recording the discussions of 79. References External links 白虎通德論 Confucian texts {{Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
