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War Of Bohemian Succession (1125–1140)
The War of Bohemian Succession (1125–1140) was a war between the Imperial Forces of the Holy Roman Empire and the Duchy of Bohemia about the succession in the Duchy of Bohemia. Background Since Duke Bretislaus I of Bohemia had implemented the inheritance principle of agnatic seniority in the 11th century, the order of succession in Bohemia, many rivalling scions of the ramified Přemyslid dynasty waged war against each other. The claimants to the Prague throne sought for formal recognition by the Holy Roman Emperor, when in actuality, the accession required the active support by the Bohemian nobility. The Přemyslid duke Vladislaus I of Bohemia, ruling since 1109, likewise had to struggle to consolidate his authority, defying the claims raised by his brother Bořivoj II who had reached his enfeoffment by Emperor Henry IV in 1101. When Vladislaus died in 1125 his succession was disputed among his surviving brother Soběslav I and his Moravian cousin Otto II, duke in Olomou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlumec (Ústí Nad Labem District)
Chlumec () is a town in Ústí nad Labem District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,300 inhabitants. Administrative division Chlumec consists of six municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Chlumec (3,443) *Český Újezd (74) *Hrbovice (9) *Stradov (355) *Střížovice (49) *Žandov (241) Český Újezd, Hrbovice and Střížovice form an Enclave and exclave, exclave of the municipal territory. Etymology The word ''chlumec'' is a diminutive of ''chlum'', which is an old Czech word for 'hill'. Both Chlum and Chlumec are common Czech geographical names. Geography Chlumec is located about northwest of Ústí nad Labem. There are two significant fishponds in the territory, Nový and Zámecký. The towns extends into three geomorphological regions. Most of the municipal territory lies in the eastern tip of the Most Basin lowlands, the northern part lies in the Ore Mountains, and the villages of Český Újezd and S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brno
Brno ( , ; ) is a Statutory city (Czech Republic), city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava (river), Svitava and Svratka (river), Svratka rivers, Brno has about 403,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the Czech Republic after the capital, Prague, and one of the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 100 largest cities of the European Union. The Brno metropolitan area has approximately 730,000 inhabitants. Brno is the former capital city of Moravia and the political and cultural hub of the South Moravian Region. It is the centre of the Judiciary of the Czech Republic, Czech judiciary, with the seats of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic, Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court of the Czech Republic, Supreme Administrative Court, and the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office, and a number of state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Říp
Říp (; ) is a high solitary hill in the Lower Ohře Table in the Czech Republic. It is located southeast of Litoměřice. According to national legend, it is the place where the first Czechs settled. The mountain and the rotunda on its top are protected as a national cultural monument. Říp, being visible from great distance, has always been an important orientation point in the Bohemian scenery and has attracted attention since the oldest times. Geomorphology In terms of geomorphological division, Říp is located in a flatland of the Lower Ohře Table within the Central Bohemian Table macroregion, and is the highest peak of this entire macroregion. Geology Geologically, Říp is the erosional remnant of a late Oligocene volcano and is composed of basalt nephelites containing olivine granules, amphibole, leucite and – among others – magnetite, so a local magnetic anomaly can even be observed there by the compass. Nature The hill was bare until 1879 when Mořic L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rotunda (architecture)
A rotunda () is any roofed building with a circular ground plan, and sometimes covered by a dome. It may also refer to a round room within a building (an example being the one below the dome of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.). The Pantheon in Rome is perhaps the most famous, and is the most influential rotunda. A ''band rotunda'' is a circular bandstand, usually with a dome. Classical architecture The terminology of Ancient Greek architecture and Roman architecture distinguishes between two types of rotunda: a tholos is enclosed by a wall, while a monopteros is just a circular colonnade with a roof (like a modern bandstand or park pavilion). It is not clear that any Greek example was actually a Greek temple, but several were Roman temples, though mostly much smaller than the Pantheon, and with very different designs. The Temple of Hercules Victor and Temple of Vesta in Rome, along with the Temple of Vesta, Tivoli, are the best known and best prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enfeoffment
In the Middle Ages, especially under the European feudal system, feoffment or enfeoffment was the deed by which a person was given land in exchange for a pledge of service. This mechanism was later used to avoid restrictions on the passage of title in land by a system in which a landowner would give land to one person for the use of another. The common law of estates in land grew from this concept. Etymology The word ''feoffment'' derives from the Old French or ; compare with the Late Latin">-4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ... or ; compare with the Late Latin . England In English law, feoffment was a transfer of land or property that gave the new holder the right to sell it as well as the right to pass it on to his heirs as an inheritance. It was total relinquishment and transfer of all rights of ownership of an estate in land from one individual to another. In feudal England a fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis I, Landgrave Of Thuringia
Louis I (died January 12, 1140) was ruler of Thuringia from 1123 to 1140. Biography The son of Count Louis the Springer ("the jumper") and his wife Adelheid, he was appointed Landgrave of Thuringia by the Emperor Lothair III in 1131. According to the succession in his line he should have been called Louis III, but he won Thuringia for his family and, in case of territorial expansion, it was customary to start counting from one. Thanks to his marriage with Hedwig of Gudensberg he obtained the rule over an extensive heritage, after the death of his father-in-law, Count Giso IV, which led to the union of Thuringia and Hesse. In 1137 Louis became Landgrave of Hesse-Gudensberg as well. His close relationship to the King Lothair III favoured his rise into the rank of a prince. After the death of Lothair, in 1137, Louis decided to support the Hohenstaufen in their struggle for power in the Reich against the Welf party. The Landgrave died on January 12, 1140, and was buried insi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert The Bear
Albert the Bear (; 1100 – 18 November 1170) was the first margrave of Brandenburg from 1157 to his death and was briefly duke of Saxony between 1138 and 1142. Life Albert was the only son of Otto, Count of Ballenstedt, and Eilika of Saxony, Eilika, daughter of Magnus, Duke of Saxony, Magnus Billung, Rulers of Saxony, Duke of Saxony. He inherited his father's valuable estates in northern Saxony in 1123, and on his mother's death, in 1142, succeeded to one-half of the lands of the house of Billung. Albert was a loyal vassal of his relation, Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor, Lothar I, Duke of Saxony, from whom, about 1123, he received the Margraviate of Lusatia, to the east; after Lothar became King of the Germans, he accompanied him on a disastrous expedition to Bohemia against the upstart, Soběslav I, Duke of Bohemia in 1126 at the War of Bohemian Succession (1125–1140), Battle of Kulm, where he suffered a short imprisonment. Albert's entanglements in Saxony stemmed fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jílové
Jílové (until 1945 Jílové u Podmokel; ) is a town in Děčín District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,900 inhabitants. Administrative division Jílové consists of six municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Jílové (1,171) *Kamenec (217) *Kamenná (2,175) *Martiněves (900) *Modrá (370) *Sněžník (102) Etymology The adjective is derived from ''jíl'', i.e. 'clay'. The name was probably transferred to the settlement from the local stream. Geography Jílové is located about west of Děčín and north of Ústí nad Labem. It lies in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains and in the eponymous protected landscape area. The built-up area is situated in the valley of the stream Jílovský potok, a left tributary of the Elbe River. The town is located at the foot of the Děčínský Sněžník mountain, which is the highest peak of the municipal territory at above sea level. History Jílové was probably founde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kulmer Steig
The Kulmer Steig () is a synonym for the transport links from the Elbe, Elbe valley over the eastern part of the Eastern Ore Mountains to Bohemian Chlumec u Chabařovic (German: ''Kulm''), hence the name which means "Kulm Trail". It is an ancient road system of partly derelict and unmetalled historic transport routes. These historic long-distance routes have been uncovered today thanks to archaeological discoveries. The routes all head south from the Elbe valley between Dresden and Pirna and cross the Eastern Ore Mountains over Ore Mountain passes, mountain passes on the Saxon side between Fürstenwalde in the west and Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel#Oelsen, Oelsen in the east. The lowest crossings are located near Mohelnice (Krupka), Mohelnice from where they continue via Habartice (Krupka), Habartice and the Geiersberg as well as Krasný Les and further on over the Nollendorf Pass to Chlumec. The Kulmer Steig was an especially good transport route because the road cut a passage thr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wenceslaus I, Duke Of Bohemia
Wenceslaus I ( ; 907 – 28 September 935), Wenceslas I or ''Václav the Good'' was the Prince (''Knyaz, kníže'') of Duchy of Bohemia, Bohemia from 921 until his death, probably in 935. According to the legend, he was assassinated by his younger brother, Boleslaus I, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus the Cruel. His martyrdom and the popularity of several biographies gave rise to a reputation for heroic virtue that resulted in his sainthood. He was posthumously declared to be a king and patron saint of the Czech Republic, Czech state. He is the subject of the well-known "Good King Wenceslas", a carol for Saint Stephen's Day. Biography Wenceslaus was the son of Vratislaus I, Duke of Bohemia from the Přemyslid dynasty. His grandfather, Bořivoj I of Bohemia, and grandmother, Ludmila, had been converted by Cyril and Methodius to Eastern Orthodox Church, Byzantine Christianity in a still unified Christendom, before the East–West Schism, Great Schism. His mother, Drahomíra, was the d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adalbert Of Prague
Adalbert of Prague (, , , , ; 95623 April 997), known in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia by his birth name Vojtěch (), was a Czech missionary and Christian saint. He was the Bishop of Prague and a missionary to the Hungarians, Poles, and Prussians, who was martyred in his efforts to convert the Baltic Prussians to Christianity. He is said to be the composer of the oldest Czech hymn '' Hospodine, pomiluj ny'' and '' Bogurodzica'', the oldest known Polish anthem but his authorship of them has not been confirmed. Adalbert was later declared the patron saint of the Czech Republic, Poland, and the Duchy of Prussia. He is also the patron saint of the Archdiocese of Esztergom in Hungary. Life Early years Born as ''Vojtěch'' in 952 or in gord Libice, he belonged to the Slavnik clan, one of the two most powerful families in Bohemia. Events from his life were later recorded by a Bohemian priest Cosmas of Prague (1045–1125). Vojtěch's father was Slavník (d. 978–981 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Of Freising
Otto of Freising (; – 22 September 1158) was a German churchman of the Cistercian order and chronicled at least two texts which carry valuable information on the political history of his own time. He was the bishop of Freising from 1138. Otto participated in the Second Crusade; he lived through the journey and reached Jerusalem, and later returned to Bavaria in the late 1140s, living for another decade back in Europe. Life Otto was born in Klosterneuburg as the fifth son of Leopold III, margrave of Austria, by his wife Agnes of Waiblingen, daughter of Emperor Henry IV. By her first husband, Frederick I of Hohenstaufen, duke of Swabia, Agnes was the mother of the German king Conrad III and grandmother of the emperor Frederick Barbarossa. Otto's sister, Judith of Babenberg, was married to William V, Marquis of Montferrat. Otto was thus related to the most powerful families in Germany and northern Italy. The records of his life are scanty and the dates somewhat un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
