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Wacław Lipiński
Wacław Lipiński (1896–1949) was a Polish historian, military officer and resistance fighter, lieutenant colonel in the Polish Army of the Second Polish Republic, recipient of Polish highest military decoration, the Order of Virtuti Militari. Lipiński fought in World War I, the Polish-Ukrainian War and the Polish-Soviet War and became involved with the intelligence service. After the war, he worked as a historian. Lipiński retired from the army 9 months before the joint German-Soviet invasions of Poland. He was attached to the propaganda department during the siege of Warsaw, escaping with his family when the city fell. In 1942 he returned to Poland as a resistance leader and was arrested by the Nazis in 1944. After the Russians overran Poland he led the anti-Soviet resistance. Arrested by the communists in 1947 he died in prison 2 years later. World War I Born on 28 September 1896 in Łódź, Lipiński was involved in the scouting movement from 1911 and joined th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Łódź
Łódź is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located south-west of Warsaw. Łódź has a population of 655,279, making it the country's List of cities and towns in Poland, fourth largest city. Łódź first appears in records in the 14th century. It was granted city rights, town rights in 1423 by the Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło and it remained a private town of the Kuyavian bishops and clergy until the late 18th century. In the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, Łódź was annexed to Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia before becoming part of the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw; the city joined Congress Poland, a Russian Empire, Russian client state, at the 1815 Congress of Vienna. The Second Industrial Revolution (from 1850) brought rapid growth in textile manufacturing and in population owing to the inflow of migrants, a sizable part of which were Jews and Germans. Ever since the industrialization of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Konary
The battle of Konary took place during the Great War, in May and June 1915 in the Sandomierz Uplands, near the village of Konary and the town of Klimontów, Poland, between the Russian Army and the forces of Józef Piłsudski's Polish Legions. The battle started on 16 May, when the Russian 4th Army started its counter-offensive against the Central Powers in the Kingdom of Poland. The offensive was directed against the wing of the Austrian 25th Infantry Division in the area of Opatów Opatów (; ) is a town in southeastern Poland, within Opatów County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (Holy Cross Province). Historically, it was part of a greater region called Lesser Poland. In 2012 the population was 6,658. Opatów is located ... and Klimontów. The Polish 1st Brigade was used as a stop-gap measure and held out until 23 June, when the Russian offensive was finally repelled. Both sides suffered heavy losses. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Konary Conflicts in 1915 Battles of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Łowczówek
Battle of Łowczówek was a battle during World War I, fought on 22–25 December 1914 at Łowczówek, between the First Brigade of the Polish Legions, fighting for Austria-Hungary, and troops of Imperial Russia. The First Brigade was supported by some units of Hungarian infantry and Austrian artillery. The Austro-Hungarian-Polish forces held back the developing Russian offensive in the region, which allowed the bulk of the Austrian army to avoid being surrounded and to withdraw, but had to yield their positions in the face of continued Russian attacks and the danger of being encircled itself. Background In the first phase of the war, Russian Empire wanted to knock Austria-Hungary out of the conflict. To achieve this, the Russians invaded Galicia. By November 1914, they had captured Tarnów and Tuchów, and moved westwards, to Kraków. In December 1914, the Russians, who were divided into two armies (those of Generals Aleksei Brusilov and Radko Dimitriev), were stalled in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Rifle Squads
The Polish Rifle Squads () was a Polish pro-independence paramilitary organization, founded in 1911 by the Youth Independence Organization in the Austro-Hungarian sector of partitioned Poland. Among its founders were Norwid Neugebauer, Marian Januszajtis-Żegota, Henryk Bagiński and Eugeniusz Homer. The organization was similar in spirit to, and closely cooperated with, the Riflemen's Association. It too was supported by the Austro-Hungarian government, which wanted to raise a Polish army for use in World War I. By 1914 the organization numbered 6,000 members. Most of them joined Józef Piłsudski's Polish Legions in World War I. Before its legalization, the PDS operated as an underground organization called Polish Military Alliance (). Its objective was to prepare the Polish nation for fight for independence, with emphasis on training of officer corps of the future army. In October 1910, the PZW took the name (Polish Army), organizing paramilitary courses in Austrian Gal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scouting
Scouting or the Scout Movement is a youth social movement, movement which became popularly established in the first decade of the twentieth century. It follows the Scout method of informal education with an emphasis on practical outdoor activities, including camping, woodcraft, aquatics, hiking, Backpacking (wilderness), backpacking and sports. A widely recognized movement characteristic is the Scout uniform, by intent Social hierarchies, hiding all differences of social standing and encouraging Social equality, equality, with neckerchief (known as a scarf in some countries) and (originally) a campaign hat or comparable Headgear, headwear. Distinctive insignia include the World Scout Emblem, fleur-de-lis as well as Scout badge, merit badges or patches. In some countries, Girl Guides organizations, using a trefoil insignia, exist for girls to carry-out scout training. Other programs for children who are too young to be Scouts and take the Scout Promise, such as Wolf Cubs or Cub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wacław Lipiński 1915
Wacław is a Polish masculine given name. It is a borrowing of , Latinized as Wenceslaus. For etymology and cognates in other languages, see Wenceslaus. It may refer to: * Wacław Cimochowski (1912–1982), Polish philologist *Wacław Gajewski (1911–1997), Polish geneticist * Wacław Hański (1782–1841), Polish nobleman *Wacław Kiełtyka (born 1981), Polish musician *Wacław Kopisto (1911–1993), Polish Army officer *Wacław Kuchar (1897–1981), Polish athlete * Wacław Leszczyński (1605–1666), Primate of Poland *Wacław Maciejowski (1792–1883), Polish historian *Wacław Micuta (1915–2008), Polish economist *Wacław Seweryn Rzewuski (1784–1831), Polish explorer, poet and orientalist *Wacław Sieroszewski (1858–1945), Polish writer *Wacław Sierpiński (1882–1969), Polish mathematician *Wacław Szybalski (1921–2020), Polish-American medical researcher, geneticist *Wacław Szymanowski (1859–1930), Polish sculptor and painter *Wacław of Szamotuły (c. 1520 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Warsaw (1939)
The siege of Warsaw in 1939 was fought between the Polish Army, Polish Warszawa Army, Warsaw Army () garrisoned and entrenched in Warsaw and the invading German Army (Wehrmacht), German Army.Zaloga, S.J., 2002, ''Poland 1939'', Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd., It began with huge Bombing of Warsaw in World War II, aerial bombardments initiated by the Luftwaffe starting on September 1, 1939 following the Invasion of Poland, German invasion of Poland. Land fighting started on September 8, when the first German tank, armored units reached the Wola district and south-western suburbs of the city. Despite German radio broadcasts claiming to have captured Warsaw, the initial enemy attack was repelled and soon afterwards Warsaw was placed under siege. The siege lasted until September 28, when the Polish garrison, commanded under General Walerian Czuma, officially Capitulation (surrender), capitulated. The following day approximately 140,000 Polish troops left the city and were taken as pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
