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Unión Nacional Sinarquista
The National Synarchist Union () was a Mexican political organization. It was historically a movement of the Roman Catholic extreme right, similar to clerical fascism and Falangism, implacably opposed to the policies of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and its predecessors that governed Mexico from 1929 to 2000 and from 2012 to 2018. The organization was notably the only explicit right-wing movement in Mexico to garner such nation-wide support and influence during this era. At its peak in 1940, there were approximately 500,000 registered members. Mostly active in the late 1930s and early 1940s, its support for the Axis in World War II damaged its reputation. The organization experienced intense infighting in the mid-1940s which ultimately led to multiple schisms. The organization was dissolved as a political party in 1951 and largely faded into obscurity outside the city of Guanajuato, where it retained some local influence. In the 1980s, the UNS was reconstituted as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Popular Force Party
The Popular Force Party or People's Force Party () was a Mexican political party created in 1945 as the electoral arm of the National Synarchist Union. It participated in the 1946 presidential election, in which it supported the independent Jesús A. Castro. The party was banned when on December 19, 1948, members of the party decided to put a black hood on the monument of former president Benito Juárez in Mexico City. It continued to enter electoral politics until the 1970s. during the early 1970s, the organizations rearmaments formed and merged into the far-right Mexican Democratic Party The Mexican Democratic Party (, PDM, also known as ''El Partido Gallito Colorado'', "The Little Red Rooster Party") was a Roman Catholicism, Catholic social conservatism, social conservative political party in Mexico that existed between 1979 and 1 .... Electoral history Presidential elections References Political parties established in 1946 Far-right politics in Mexico Defunct polit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party Leader
In a governmental system, a party leader acts as the official representative of their political party, either to a legislature or to the electorate. Depending on the country, the individual colloquially referred to as the "leader" of a political party may officially be party chair, secretary, or the highest political office. The party leader is often responsible for managing the party's relationship with the general public and leading the competition against political rivals, similar to the role of a party spokesperson. As such, they will take a leading role in developing and communicating party platforms to the electorate. In many representative democracies, party leaders compete directly for high political office. It is thus typical in such states (notably in the Westminster system) for the party leader to seek election to the legislature and, if elected, to simultaneously serve as the party's parliamentary leader. In several countries utilizing the parliamentary system, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Alliance Party
The Social Alliance Party (; abbr. PAS), was a radical-right humanist political party in Mexico that was founded in 1998 by José Antonio Calderón Cardoso and Guillermo Calderón Domínguez until its dissolution in 2003.https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb94893552/_1.pdf History Initial stages and foundation of PAS 1997-1998 Following the Mexican Democratic Party defeat in the 1997 Mexican Legislative Elections, the party held its National Congress in Mexico City, where a resolution was reached to dissolve the aforementioned "political institute". Notably, prominent politicians who were initially associated with the PDM, José Antonio Calderón and Guillermo Calderón Domínguez, were essential in the formation of PAS. Despite most of its members originating from the far-right Mexican Democratic Party; other right-wing rearmaments and former political party members, notably such as the National Synarchist Union and the National Action Party are integrated into PAS. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bajío
The Bajío (the ''lowland'') is a cultural and geographical region within the Mexican Plateau, central Mexican plateau which roughly spans from northwest of Greater Mexico City, Mexico City to the main silver mines in the northern-central part of the country. This includes (from south to north) the states of Querétaro, Guanajuato, parts of Jalisco (Centro, Los Altos de Jalisco), Aguascalientes and parts of Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí and Michoacán. Located at the border between Mesoamerica and Aridoamerica, El Bajío saw relatively few permanent settlements and big civilizations during Pre-Columbian era, Pre-Columbian history, being mostly inhabited by the Otomi and semi-nomadic tribes known to the Aztecs as the "Chichimeca" peoples (poorly attested conglomerate of Uto-Aztecan languages, Uto-Nahua groups, from whom the Toltec and the Aztecs were probably descended). The tribes that inhabited the Bajío proved to be some of the hardest to conquer for the Spanish—peace was ul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cristero War
The Cristero War (), also known as the Cristero Rebellion or , was a widespread struggle in central and western Mexico from 3 August 1926 to 21 June 1929 in response to the implementation of secularism, secularist and anti-clericalism, anticlerical articles of the Constitution of Mexico, 1917 Constitution. The rebellion was instigated as a response to an executive decree by Mexican President Plutarco Elías Calles to strictly enforce Article 130 of the Constitution, an implementing act known as the Calles Law. Calles sought to limit the power of the Catholic Church in Mexico, its affiliated organizations and to suppress popular religiosity. The rural uprising in north-central Mexico was tacitly supported by the Church hierarchy, and was aided by urban Catholic supporters. The Mexican Army received support from the United States. American Ambassador Dwight Morrow brokered negotiations between the Calles government and the Church. The government made some concessions, the Church w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lázaro Cárdenas
Lázaro Cárdenas del Río (; 21 May 1895 – 19 October 1970) was a Mexican army officer and politician who served as president of Mexico from 1934 to 1940. Previously, he served as a general in the Constitutional Army during the Mexican Revolution and as Governor of Michoacán and President of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. He later served as the Secretariat of National Defense (Mexico), Secretary of National Defence. During his presidency, which is considered the end of the Maximato, he implemented massive Land reform in Mexico, land reform programs, led the Mexican oil expropriation, expropriation of the country's oil industry, and implemented many key social reforms. Born in Jiquilpan, Michoacán, Jiquilpan, Michoacán, to a working-class family, Cárdenas joined the Mexican Revolution and became a general in the Constitutional Army, Constitutionalist Army. Although he was not from the state of Sonora, whose revolutionary generals dominated Mexican politics in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1982 Mexican General Election
General elections were held in Mexico on 4 July 1982.Dieter Nohlen (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p. 453 The presidential elections were won by Miguel de la Madrid, who received 74% of the vote. In the Chamber of Deputies election, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) won 299 of the 372 seats,Nohlen, p468 as well as winning 63 of the 64 seats in the Senate election. Voter turnout was 75% in the presidential election and 73% and 66% for the two parts of the Chamber elections. The deputies elected served during the 52nd session of Congress (1982–1985), while the senators additionally served during the 53rd session (1985–1988). Rosario Ibarra, who was nominated as a presidential candidate by the Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT), was the first woman ever to run for president in a Mexican election. These were the last of the symbolic/non-competitive presidential elections in which the PRI (in power since 1929) and its presidential ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guanajuato City
Guanajuato (, Otomi language, Otomi: ) is a municipalities of Mexico, municipality in central Mexico and the capital of the Guanajuato, State of Guanajuato. It is part of the macroregion of the Bajío. It is located in a narrow valley, which makes its streets narrow and winding. Most are alleys that cars cannot pass through, and some are long sets of stairs up the mountainsides. Many of the city's thoroughfares are partially or fully underground. The historic center has numerous small plazas and colonial-era mansions, churches, and civil constructions built using pink or green sandstone. The city historic center and the adjacent mines were proclaimed a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988. The growth of Guanajuato resulted from the abundantly available minerals in the mountains surrounding it. Its mines were among the most important during the European colonization of America (along with Zacatecas (city), Zacatecas also in Mexico, Potosí in Bolivia and Ouro Preto in Brazil). One of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intragroup Conflict
In sociology, intragroup conflict (or infighting) refers to conflict between two or more members of the same group or team. In the years leading up to 2008, intragroup conflict has received a large amount of attention in conflict and group dynamics literature. This increase in interest in studying intragroup conflict may be a natural corollary of the ubiquitous use of work groups and work teams across all levels of organizations, including decision-making task forces, project groups, or production teams. Jehn identified two main types of intragroup conflict: task conflict and relationship (or emotional) conflict (e.g., differences in personal values). Antecedents There are a number of antecedents of intragroup conflict. While not an exhaustive list, researchers have identified a number of antecedents of intragroup conflict, including low task or goal uncertainty, increased group size, increased diversity (i.e., gender, age, race), lack of information sharing, and high task i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institutional Revolutionary Party
The Institutional Revolutionary Party (, , PRI) is a List of political parties in Mexico, political party in Mexico that was founded in 1929 as the National Revolutionary Party (, PNR), then as the Party of the Mexican Revolution (, PRM) and finally as the PRI beginning in 1946. The party held uninterrupted power in the country and controlled the President of Mexico, presidency twice: the first one was for 71 years, from 1929 to 2000, the second was for six years, from 2012 to 2018. The PNR was founded in 1929 by Plutarco Elías Calles, Mexico's paramount leader at the time and self-proclaimed (Supreme Chief) of the Mexican Revolution. The party was created with the intent of providing a political space in which all the surviving leaders and combatants of the Mexican Revolution could participate to solve the severe political crisis caused by the assassination of president-elect Álvaro Obregón in 1928. Although Calles himself fell into political disgrace and was exiled in 1936 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falangism
Falangism () was the political ideology of three political parties in Spain that were known as the Falange, namely first the Falange Española, the Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FE de las JONS), and afterward the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS).Cyprian P. Blamires (editor). ''World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia''. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006. pp. 219–220. Falangism combined Spanish nationalism, authoritarianism, Catholic traditionalism, and anti-communism, along with a call for national syndicalism. However, Falangism has a mixed relationship with fascism; historians such as Stanley Payne, a scholar on fascism, consider the Falange to have been a fascist movement initially, before transforming into a para-fascist authoritarian conservative political movement in Francoist Spain. The FE de las JONS merged with the Traditionalist Communion and se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clerical Fascism
Clerical fascism (also clero-fascism or clerico-fascism) is an ideology that combines the political and economic doctrines of fascism with clericalism. The term has been used to describe organizations and movements that combine religious elements with fascism, receive support from religious organizations which espouse sympathy for fascism, or fascist regimes in which clergy play a leading role. When coined in 1920s Italy, the term referred to the political ideology of the Roman Catholic Italian People's Party which supported Benito Mussolini and his fascist regime. The term was also used for Catholics in Northern Italy who advocated a synthesis of Roman Catholicism and fascism. History The term ''clerical fascism'' (clero-fascism or clerico-fascism) emerged in the early 1920s in the Kingdom of Italy, referring to the faction of the Roman Catholic Partito Popolare Italiano (PPI) which supported Benito Mussolini and his regime. It was supposedly coined by Don Luigi Sturzo, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
